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Al Gore, former Vice-President of the United States (1993-2001) and 2000 Democratic Party presidential nominee, has been the subject of some controversies.

Fund raising

Campaign finance

Gore was criticized for attending an event at the Buddhist Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California in 1996. He said he was unaware it was a fundrasing event, however in an interview in 1997 he said it was wrong for him to attend.

I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake — Gore on NBC's Today show, Jan. 24, 1997.

The temple was later implicated in a campaign donation laundering scheme. In that scheme, donations nominally from Buddhist nuns in lawful amounts had actually been donated by wealthy monastics and devotees.

Robert Conrad, Jr., then head of a Justice Department task force appointed by Attorney General Janet Reno to investigate the fund-raising controversies, called on Reno in Spring 2000 to appoint an independent counsel to look into the fund-raising practices of Vice President Gore. Reno eventually rejected the request.

Internet

Main article: 1999 CNN Interview

Al Gore was involved in the development and mainstreaming of the Internet as both Senator and Vice-President. Campbell-Kelly and Aspray note in Chapter 12 of their 1996 text, Computer: A History of the Information Machine, that up until the early 1990s public usage of the Internet was limited. They continue to state that the "problem of giving ordinary Americans network access had exercised Senator Al Gore since the late 1970s" leading him to develop legislation which would alleviate this problem. Gore thus began to craft the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill" ) after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network submitted to Congress by a group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet).

In 1999, various media outlets suggested that Gore claimed that he "invented the internet" , in reference to a CNN interview in which he said, "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system."

In response to this controversy, Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn wrote a 2000-09-29 article (originally sent via email) which described Gore's contributions to the Internet since the 1970s, including his work on the Gore Bill:

s the two people who designed the basic architecture and the core protocols that make the Internet work, we would like to acknowledge VP Gore's contributions as a Congressman, Senator and as Vice President. No other elected official, to our knowledge, has made a greater contribution over a longer period of time. Last year the Vice President made a straightforward statement on his role. He said: "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the Internet." We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he "invented" the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet. The fact of the matter is that Gore was talking about and promoting the Internet long before most people were listening. We feel it is timely to offer our perspective. As far back as the 1970s Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp the potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship. Though easily forgotten, now, at the time this was an unproven and controversial concept.

Love Canal

On 30 November 1999, in response to a question about what students could do to involve themselves in the political process, Gore described to a New Hampshire high school his reaction in the late 1970s to a letter from a student in Toone, Tennessee, complaining about her family's poisoned well: "I called for a congressional investigation and a hearing. I looked around the country for other sites like that. I found a little place in upstate New York called Love Canal. Had the first hearing on that issue, and Toone, Tennessee — that was the one that you didn't hear of. But that was the one that started it all." While the Associated Press story that covered the speech printed a different version of the quotation, both the Washington Post and The Washington Times claimed that Gore had actually said: "I was the one that started it all".

The Post deferred to the AP version a few days later, but the Times never did, and continued to run editorials denouncing Gore's "boasting" of having been "the whistle blower for discovering Love Canal." The Republican National Committee and several conservative commentators at the time furthered the claim that Gore was attempting to take credit for discovering the toxic waste problem at Love Canal. However, Gore's supporters have argued that the context of the speech should make it clear that what had initially sparked his interest in toxic waste issues was the Toone, Tennessee situation. The quotation has been repeated with ", and Toone, Tennessee — that was the one that you didn't hear of. But " replaced by an ellipsis (…), which subtly alters its meaning. In October 1978, Gore did hold congressional hearings on Love Canal — however it was two months after President Jimmy Carter declared it a disaster area and the federal government offered to buy the homes. After the hearings, Gore said, "We passed a major national law to clean up hazardous dump sites. And we had new efforts to stop the practices that ended up poisoning water around the country. We've still got work to do. But we made a huge difference. And it all happened because one high school student got involved."

Love Story

Gore was quoted in the New York Times December 14 1997 edition as saying " Segal had told some reporters in Tennessee that Love Story was based on him and Tipper." The Tennessean newspaper article indeed quoted Segal as saying that Love Story was based on both the Gores. Gore's quotation is therefore accurate since Gore was referring to what the Tennessean had reported. Although Segal said that the newspaper had misquoted him, and that his novel was not based on Gore's relationship with Tipper, Segal himself noted that the male lead in Love Story, Oliver Barrett IV, was in fact based on Gore, as well as Gore's college roommate, actor Tommy Lee Jones.

Use of energy in home

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In 2007, Gore came under criticism from the conservative think tank Tennessee Center for Policy Research. The organization issued a report which said that during August 2006 Gore's household consumed 22,619 kilowatt-hours — more than twice the electricity in one month than an average American family uses in an entire year. TIME stated that the Tennessee Center for Policy Research claimed to have gotten "its figures from Nashville Electric Service. But company spokeswoman Laurie Parker said the utility never got a request from the policy center and never gave it any information."

Drew Johnson, the president of the Tennessee Center for Policy Research, said in releasing the figures:

For someone in his position not to take steps to reduce his own energy consumption is disingenuous. As the spokesman of choice for the global warming movement, Al Gore has to be willing to walk (the) walk, not just talk the talk, when it comes to home energy use.

In an earlier article in USA Today, Peter Schweizer argued that "according to public records, there is no evidence that Gore has signed up to use green energy in either of his large residences. When contacted Wednesday, Gore's office confirmed as much but said the Gores were looking into making the switch at both homes.

Response

TIME quoted Kalee Kreider, a spokesperson for Gore, saying that the Gore family tries to buy green energy to reduce their carbon footprint. She continued to say that since the controversy, the Gore family was "in the midst of installing solar panels on their home, which will enable them to use less power." She also added, "They also use compact fluorescent bulbs and other energy efficiency measures and then they purchase offsets for their carbon emissions to bring their carbon footprint down to zero." WKRN-TV reported that the Gore family obtains their power from the Nashville Electric Service's "renewable energy initiative", The Green Power Switch program which depends upon "wind, solar, and methane gas." The Detroit Free Press further noted that "Gore purchased 108 blocks of 'green power' for each of the past three months, according to a summary of the bills. That’s a total of $432 a month Gore paid extra for solar or other renewable energy sources. The green power Gore purchased is equivalent to recycling 2.48 million aluminum cans or 286,092 pounds of newspaper, according to comparison figures on NES’s Web site." The figure of 108 blocks of green power per month corresponds to 16,200 kilowatt-hours of electricity per month, Al Gore's average monthly use for 2005.

Keith Olbermann at MSNBC reported that the Gore home includes offices for both Gore and his wife and 'special security measures' making it unrepresentative of what the average US home consumes. Additionally, the green power purchased by the Gores increased the cost of their electricity by "$5,893, more than 50 percent, in order to minimize carbon pollution."

Kreider suggested in TIME that the attacks on Gore's energy use were political in nature and stated:

Sometimes when people don't like the message, in this case that global warming is real, it's convenient to attack the messenger.

Chris Cillizza and Matthew Mosk in a Washington Post article quoted TCPR president Johnson as stating: "The energy he receives into his house is no different than what I receive into my house." They also noted that, "Kreider added that a renovation of the Gores' house is underway to make it more energy efficient, an update that will include the addition of solar panels."

An article in USA Today stated, "Zoning rules in Al Gore's upscale neighborhood kept the former vice president and environmental activist from installing solar panels on his roof...New rules going into effect on April 1 will allow homeowners to install solar panels on their roofs. But there's a caveat: 'Solar panels may be installed upon the roof of a building so long as they are not visible from the street or from any adjoining property,' according to the ordinance. Gore's roof does have flat areas where the panels could be placed, Franklin said. The builders at Gore's home plan to make the application for solar panels once the new ordinance goes into effect."

According to Fred Lucas of Cybercast News Service, "one explanation offered by 's defenders" for the high energy usage in his mansion "was that he pays for carbon offsets." Lucas wrote that this explanation resulted in accusations from "other media outlets" alleging that because Gore's company, Generation Investment Management (GIM), invests in projects to reduce energy consumption around the world, Gore is essentially making a profit from global warming by paying himself for the "offsets." GIM spokesman Richard Campbell stated, "That's a serious accusation of illegal activity...We do not invest in any activity of carbon offset. That's nonsense. We are a fund management business that does sustainability research."

Live Earth

Live Earth was a series of concerts, which took place on 7 July 2007 to inspire global warming activism. The event was viewed by some conservatives as a possible way for Gore to promote himself for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election. Al Gore has denied having presidential aspirations, and chose not to run in the 2004 Presidential Election. He currently denies any plans to run for the presidency, but does not rule it out.

References

1. "Gore Admits Temple Fund-Raiser Was A 'Mistake'", CNN.com, Jan. 24, 1997
2. Fund-raising Investigation Discussion, NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, transcript, PBS, June 23, 2000, Retrieved: April 14, 2006
3. Campbell-Kelly and Aspray (1996).Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: BasicBooks, 298
4. "Computher History Museum Exhibits:1991". computerhistory.org. Computer History Museum. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
5. Kleinrock, Leonard; Kahn, Bob; Clark, David; et al. (1988), Toward a National Research Network, retrieved 2007-06-01 {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |last4= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
6. Kleinrock, Leonard; Cerf, Vint; Kahn, Bob; et al. (2003-12-10), A Brief History of the Internet, retrieved 2007-06-01 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last4= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
7. Agree, Phil (17 October 2000). "Who Invented "Invented"?:Tracing the Real Story of the "Al Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax". Red Rock Eater Digest. Red Rock Eater Digest. Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
8. Finkelstein, Seth (28 April 2006). "Al Gore "invented the Internet" - resources". Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
9. "Transcript: Vice President Gore on CNN's 'Late Edition'". [CNN. CNN. 09 March 1999. Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
10. Kahn, Bob; Cerf, Vint; et al. (2000-09-29), Al Gore and the Internet, retrieved 2007-06-02 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last4= (help); Missing |author3= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
11. ^ http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5920188/the_press_vs_al_gore/
12. http://www.dailyhowler.com/h120899_2.shtml
13. ^ http://www.bushwatch.com/goremarch.htm
14. http://www.dailyhowler.com/h052500_1.shtml
15. "Tennessee Center for Policy Research". tennesseepolicy.org. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
16. "Al Gore's Personal Energy Use Is His Own "Inconvenient Truth"". Tennessee Center for Policy Research. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
17. ^ "Al Gore Draws Flak On Utility Bill". TIME. 2007-02-28. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
18. ^ "Critics question how green Gore really is". Detroit Free Press. 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
19. http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2006-08-09-gore-green_x.htm
20. ^ "Green Power Switch®". Nashville Electric Service. Retrieved 2007-02-27. Cite error: The named reference "Green Power Switch®" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
21. "Controversy Surrounds Al Gore's Energy Use". WKRN-TV. 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
22. "Media Matter Summary". Media Matters for America. 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
23. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/28/AR2007022801823.html
24. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/climate/globalwarming/2007-03-20-gore-solar_N.htm
25. "Live Earth Aims to Cause Lasting Change". Washington Post. 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-07-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
26. Gore campaigning for environment, not presidency
27. "Gore: 'I've fallen out of love with politics'", , July 6,2007

External links

• Gore chronology

• Al Gore