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| Yane Sandanski was a prominent revolutionary, and one of the leaders of the Revolutionary Movement in Macedonia and ]. Since the start of his revolutionary activity, he became well known because he protected the villagers from the tyranny of the Ottomans. He organised courts and taught self-defence. Sandanski lived and fought in the ] region, and that is why the people gave him the name "Pirin Tsar" (Pirinski Tsar). He was also active in the ], and in 1908 when he supported the movement of ]. He was one of the leaders of the one of the left political parties in Macedonia in 1909–1910 - ] which headquarter was in ]. His dream was creating a ] according to the plans of the ] and Macedonia as a part ot that Federation. | Yane Sandanski was a prominent revolutionary, and one of the leaders of the Revolutionary Movement in Macedonia and ]. Since the start of his revolutionary activity, he became well known because he protected the villagers from the tyranny of the Ottomans. He organised courts and taught self-defence. Sandanski lived and fought in the ] region, and that is why the people gave him the name "Pirin Tsar" (Pirinski Tsar). He was also active in the ], and in 1908 when he supported the movement of ]. He was one of the leaders of the one of the left political parties in Macedonia in 1909–1910 - ] which headquarter was in ]. His dream was creating a ] according to the plans of the ] and Macedonia as a part ot that Federation. | ||
| The IMRO was consisted of two major fractions. Jane Sandanski and his Seres group (Federalists) are claimed to fight for an independent Macedonia and a singe Macedonian identity. On the other hand, the Boris Sarafov’s fraction (Centralists) are claimed to incorporate Macedonia into Bulgaria. However, in an interview with a London Times correspondend in 1901, Boris Sarafov said: It is a grievous error to suppose that we seek to acquire Macedonia on behalf of Bulgaria. We Macedonian consider ourselves to be an entirely separate national element, and we are not in the least disposed to allow our country to be seized by Bulgaria, Servia or Greece. We will, in fact, oppose any such incorporation with all our might. Macedonia must belong to the Macedonians. (page 166) | The IMRO was consisted of two major fractions. Jane Sandanski and his Seres group (Federalists) are claimed to fight for an independent Macedonia and a singe Macedonian identity. On the other hand, the Boris Sarafov’s fraction (Centralists) are claimed to incorporate Macedonia into Bulgaria. However, in an interview with a London Times correspondend in 1901, Boris Sarafov said: ''It is a grievous error to suppose that we seek to acquire Macedonia on behalf of Bulgaria. We Macedonian consider ourselves to be an entirely separate national element, and we are not in the least disposed to allow our country to be seized by Bulgaria, Servia or Greece. We will, in fact, oppose any such incorporation with all our might. Macedonia must belong to the Macedonians.'' (page 166) | ||
| The Macedonian historiography refers once again mostly to the fraction of Sandanski that took the name “People’s Federative Party” as the “authentically” Macedonian one. This party was supposed to comprise a number of ethic sections, each representing a distinct “nationality” of Macedonia. However, the only section set up was the Bulgarian section. | The Macedonian historiography refers once again mostly to the fraction of Sandanski that took the name “People’s Federative Party” as the “authentically” Macedonian one. This party was supposed to comprise a number of ethic sections, each representing a distinct “nationality” of Macedonia. However, the only section set up was the Bulgarian section. | ||
Revision as of 18:36, 3 September 2007
Template:Infobox revolution biography
Yane Ivanov Sandanski or Jane Ivanov Sandanski (May 18, 1872, Vlahi, Ottoman Empire - April 22, 1915 near Melnik, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, one of the leaders of the BMRC since 1895 (SMARO from 1902 and IMARO from 1905) in the Serres region and head of the extreme leftist wing of the organization. He is considered an ethnic Macedonian in Republic of Macedonia. Sandanski was born in the village of Vlahi near Kresna (present-day Bulgaria) on May 28, 1872. His father Ivan participated as a flag carrier in the well known Kresna Uprising. After the crush of the uprising, in 1879 his family moved to Dupnitsa, Bulgaria, where Sandanski received his elementary education. Until 1895 Sandanski was a Bulgarian state employee.
Yane Sandanski was a prominent revolutionary, and one of the leaders of the Revolutionary Movement in Macedonia and Thrace. Since the start of his revolutionary activity, he became well known because he protected the villagers from the tyranny of the Ottomans. He organised courts and taught self-defence. Sandanski lived and fought in the Pirin region, and that is why the people gave him the name "Pirin Tsar" (Pirinski Tsar). He was also active in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, and in 1908 when he supported the movement of Young Turks. He was one of the leaders of the one of the left political parties in Macedonia in 1909–1910 - People Federative Party (Bulgarian section) which headquarter was in Solun. His dream was creating a Balkan Federative Republic according to the plans of the Balkan Socialist Federation and Macedonia as a part ot that Federation.
The IMRO was consisted of two major fractions. Jane Sandanski and his Seres group (Federalists) are claimed to fight for an independent Macedonia and a singe Macedonian identity. On the other hand, the Boris Sarafov’s fraction (Centralists) are claimed to incorporate Macedonia into Bulgaria. However, in an interview with a London Times correspondend in 1901, Boris Sarafov said: It is a grievous error to suppose that we seek to acquire Macedonia on behalf of Bulgaria. We Macedonian consider ourselves to be an entirely separate national element, and we are not in the least disposed to allow our country to be seized by Bulgaria, Servia or Greece. We will, in fact, oppose any such incorporation with all our might. Macedonia must belong to the Macedonians. (page 166)
The Macedonian historiography refers once again mostly to the fraction of Sandanski that took the name “People’s Federative Party” as the “authentically” Macedonian one. This party was supposed to comprise a number of ethic sections, each representing a distinct “nationality” of Macedonia. However, the only section set up was the Bulgarian section.
Bulgaria was clearly treated by the Serres activists as a “foreigh, hostile force” and Sandanski condemned what he called the “Bulgarian imperialism”. According to him, the Macedonians had to emancipate themselves as a “self-determining people”. (page 12)
With the fall of the Ottoman Empire Macedonia was partitioned between Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece. Sandanski supported the Bulgarian army in the Balkan wars of 1912–1913. Sandanski was killed near the Rozhen Monastery on April 22, 1915, while travelling from Melnik to Nevrokop, by local IMARO band from Nevrokop's region. Yane Sandanski is mentioned in the National Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia as one of the greatest Macedonian heroes whose idea was creating independent Macedonian State. He is paid tribute to every year by the members of UMO Ilinden-Pirin, an ethnic Macedonian political party in Bulgaria, in the Rozhen Monastery.
Quotes
- "The Macedonian revolutionaries, which after long and cruel fight with the Turkish tyrants lived to see their dream - freedom of their Fatherland, cannot allow her to fall under Serb and Greek rule again: they will not be afraid to resort to even the most fearsome terrorist means to realize their sacred dream - liberated Bulgarian Macedonia!" (interview for Italian newspaper Seculo, given in Tirana, 1913)
- From an interview with the Serbian writer Branislav Nusic:
- Y.S.:Bulgaria and Serbia did wrong because they kept acting selfish following their own interests. They didn’t want freedom for this people here, but their selfish interests, expanding of their states. After these events, they would stay where they are, and we would make here our fatherland. (Политика, 21, VII 1908, Београд)
Notes
- He established a political party, called "People's Federative Party (Bulgarian section)" and noted in its statute (written in literary Bulgarian language) that member of this party could be "every Bulgarian, who is Ottoman citizen over 20 years" (see here). He regarded Slav Macedonian population and its language as Bulgarian: in his "Memoirs" Sandanski called Mrs. Tsilka (kidnapped by his band and born in Macedonian town of Bansko) "Bulgarian" (see in preface here), his language "Bulgarian" (page 19, see here), and one village inhabited by Turks and Macedonian Slavs "Turkish-Bulgarian village" (see first page here). The Bulgariannes of Sandanski is recognized by several contemporary Macedonian Historians like Academician Ivan Katardzhiev and the director of the Macedonia state Archive Zoran Todorovski. Katardzhiev defines all Macedonian revolutionaries from the period before 1930-ies, including Sandanski, as "Bulgarians" (see his interview here) and asserts that separatism of some Macedonian revolutionaties toward official Bulgarian policy was only political phenomenon without ethnic character. Among non-Bulgarian records about the Bulgariannes of Sandanski is an article in Serbian newspaper "Politika", July 1908, number 1619, written by famous writer Branislav Nusic, in which Sandanski is interviewed and listed among Bulgarian rebels (see here, fifth column to the right).
External links
- Mercia MacDermott. For Freedom and Perfection. The Life of Yane Sandansky
- Memoirs of Yane Sandanski (original edition in Bulgarian in the form of text)
- Memoirs of Yane Sandanski (original edition in Bulgarian in the form of .jpg photocopies)
- Memoirs of Yane Sandanski (translated into contemporary Macedonian)