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	{{Infobox Language		{{Infobox Language
	\|name=Mazandarani		\|name=Mazandarani
	\|nativename= ''Māzərūni'' مازِرونی - ''Mazəni'' مازنی <br> ''Tapəri'' تپری ~~<br> ''Giləki'' گیلکی~~		\|nativename= ''Māzərūni'' مازِرونی - ''Mazəni'' مازنی <br> ''Tapəri'' تپری
	\|states=], and some parts of ], ], ], ] (])		\|states=], and some parts of ], ], ], ] (])
	\|region= Southern ]		\|region= Southern ]
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	\|fam4=]		\|fam4=]
	\|fam5=]		\|fam5=]
	\|fam6=]
	\|script=] Script		\|script=] Script
	\|agency=Linguistic Faculty of Babol University		\|agency=Linguistic Faculty of Babol University
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	}}		}}

	'''Mazandarani''' or '''Tabari''' (''Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki'') is an ] of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in ]'s ] and ] provinces, it is ~~mutually~~ unintelligible with respect to ]. <ref>~~, p.~~66)~~. </ref>~~		'''Mazandarani''' or '''Tabari''' (''Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki'') is an ] of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in ]'s ] and ] provinces, it is partially, but not fully, unintelligible with respect to ]. There are many similarities in grammar and vocabulary which render the Mazandarani ] of ] and the ], standard ] of ], intelligible between speakers of either dialect <ref>1372, “Pishvandha-ye tasrifi va ešteqāqi dar afāl e Guyesh e Māzandarāni Kelārdašt,” Majalle-ye Zabānshenāsi, sāl.1, no.1, pp. 88-105</ref> <ref>Le Coq, P., 1989, “Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran,” in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296- 312, Wiesbadan. </ref> <ref>Melgounof, G., 1868, “ Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.</ref>. In addition, all speakers of Mazandarani are also fluent in mainstream ]. <ref>Kalbāsi, Iran, 2004,”Gozašte-ye Naqli dar Lahjehā va Guyešha-ye Irāni”, Dialectology, Journal of the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol. 1, No.2, pp.66- 89.</ref>
			<ref>, p.66). </ref>

	==History==		==History==
	Among the living ], Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of ] in the centuries after the Arab invasion<ref>Windfuhr, G. L., ''New Iranian languages: Overview''. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.),		Among the living ], Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of ] in the centuries after the Arab invasion<ref>Windfuhr, G. L., ''New Iranian languages: Overview''. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.),
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	<tr>		<tr>
	<td width=33%>		<td width=33%>
			Səreşe
	Səreşe
	</td>		</td>
	<td width=33%>		<td width=33%>
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	<td valign=top align=center width=50%>		<td valign=top align=center width=50%>
	====Adjectives====		====Adjectives====


	<table class=wikitable>		<table class=wikitable>
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	===In non-Iranian languages===		===In non-Iranian languages===
	There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the ].<ref>Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen~~, ISBN 964 5844 394; Page 2541,~~ </ref>		There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the ].<ref>Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen</ref>
	There is also evidence that ] and Mazanderani share some words. ~~{{Fact\|date=September 2007}}~~		There is also evidence that ] and Mazanderani share some words.

	==Specimen==		==Specimen==
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	bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε		bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε


	volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri		volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri

	me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri		me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri


	He would say,		He would say,
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	==References==		==References==
			:''See Also: ]''
	===General===		===General===
	* ; ], ''Language, Communities and Education'', pp.65-73.		* ; ], ''Language, Communities and Education'', pp.65-73.
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	===Bibliography===		===Bibliography===
	* ], 1860-66, ''Masanderanische Sprache'' (I-II/1, 3, ])		* ], 1860-66, ''Masanderanische Sprache'' (I-II/1, 3, ])
	* ], ], ''] Dialect (of Mazandarani language)'', Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, ], ]		* ], ], ''] Dialect (of Mazandarani language)'', Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, ], ]
	* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 1995, Sari Dialect (of Mazandarani), ], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.		* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 1995, Sari Dialect(of Mazandarani), ], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
	* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 2006, ]i Dialect , ], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.		* Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 2006, ]i Dialect , ], Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
	===More references===
	<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"><tr><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><small>
	* Chodzko, Alexander, ], ''Specimens of the popular poverty of Persia as found in the adventures and improvisations of Kurroglou, the bandit- minstrel of Northern Persia; and in the songs of the people inhabiting the shores of the ].'' Orally collected and translated, with philological and historical notes, London, pp. 510- 517, 568- 581.
	* Christensen, A.; ] (tr); ''Contributions a la dialectologie iraniene, Dialect Guiläki de Recht'', (Guyesh –e Gilaki-ye Rasht) translated, with notes by Ja‘far Khomāmi Zāde, Tehran.
	* DeMorgan,J., ], ''Mission Scientifique en Perse, vol.5,Etudes linguistiques(I.) Dialectes du Kurds. Langues et dialects du nord de la Perse'', Paris, pp.200-246.
	* Geiger, w., &., Wilhelm Kuhn, 1898–1901; ''Die Kaspischen Dialekte'';Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie , 1Band, 2Ab., Strassburg. Pp.344-380..
	* Dorn B. (ed.); 1860-1866; ''Kenntniss der Iranischen Srachen'', St. Petersburg.
	* Lambton, A.K.S.; ], ''Three Persian Dialects'', ].
	* Le Coq, P.; 1989; ''Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran'' in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296-312, ].
	* Makenzi, D.; ]; ''Iranian Languages'', in Sebeok, Thomas, A. (ed), Current Trends in Linguistics, Vol.5, pp. 450-477, Nederland. MG.
	* Melgounof, G., ], ''Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale'', Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.
	* Mozaffari, M., V., ], Noqāndāri, ].
	* Nowata, T., 1948, ''Māzandarāni'', (Asian and African Grammatical Manual, No 17), ILCAA, ].

	</small></td><td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><small>

	* Oranski, I., M., ], (tr.), Moqaddame –ye Feqholloqe- ye Irani, translated by Kešāvarz, Tehran.
	* Purriyahi, M., ], Barresi-ye dastur-e Guyesh-e Gilaki-ye Rasht (A Grammatical Study of Gilaki dialect of Rasht), (Ph. D Thisis), Tehran University.
	* Sartip pur, J., 1990, Vižegihā-ye Dasturi va Farhang-e vāžehā-ye Gilaki (Grammatical Characteristics and Glossary of Gilaki), Rasht.
	* Shokri, G., ], ''Verb Structure in Sāri dialect'', Farhang, Vol.6, pp.217-231, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran.
	* ----------, ], ''Māzi –ye Naqli dar Guyeshhā-ye Gilaki va Mazandarāni (Present perfect in Gilani and Mazandarāni Dialects)'', Nāme-ye Farhangestān, The Quarterly Journal of Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol.4, No.4, ].
	* ----------, ], Verb Structure in Rāmsari Dialect, Professor Jes Peter Asmussem, Memorial Volum, Copenhagen, pp. 83-111.
	* ----------, 1356, Farhang e Semnāni, Sorxe i, Lāsgerdi, Sangsari, šahmizādi, Vezārate Farhang o Honar, Tehrān.
	* Sokolova, V.S. & Grjunberg, A.L.; ]; ''История изучения бесписменных иранских языков (Istorija izuchenija bespis`mennyx iranskix azykov)'', lzd. AN SSSR, ], pp. 118–147.
	* A manuscript of Maghamat e Hariri in Arabic with translation into Mazandarani Tarjome –ye Maghamat e Hariri, ], Malek library. (600 A.H)
	* Zav`jalova, V:I:, ], ''Novye svedenija po fonetike iranskix jazykov, Gilanskij I mazanderanskij jazyki'', Trudy Instituta Jazykoznaija AN SSSR, ], vol.6, pp. 92-112.
	* Yoshie, Satoko, ], ''Sāri Dialect'', Iranian Studies, No.10, ILCAA, ].


	</small></td></tr></table>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	{{Iranian Languages Group}}		{{Iranian Languages Group}}



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Revision as of 08:23, 11 January 2008

Mazandarani
Māzərūni مازِرونی - Mazəni مازنی Tapəri تپری
Native to	Mazandaran, and some parts of Tehran, Golestan, Semnan, Khorasan (Iran)
Region	Southern Mazandaran Sea
Native speakers	3 - 4.5 million (As Native)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Iranian Mazandarani
Writing system	Perso-Arabic Script
Official status
Regulated by	Linguistic Faculty of Babol University
Language codes
ISO 639-2	`ira`
ISO 639-3	`mzn`
Areas where Mazandarani is spoken as mother tongue

Mazandarani or Tabari (Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki) is an Iranian language of the northwestern branch. Spoken mainly in Iran's Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, it is partially, but not fully, unintelligible with respect to Persian. There are many similarities in grammar and vocabulary which render the Mazandarani dialect of Persian and the mainstream, standard dialect of Persian, intelligible between speakers of either dialect . In addition, all speakers of Mazandarani are also fluent in mainstream Persian.

History

Among the living Iranian languages, Mazandarani has one of the longest written traditions, from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This status was achieved during the long reign of the independent and semi-independent rulers of Mazandaran in the centuries after the Arab invasion.

The rich literature of this language includes books such as Marzban Nameh (later translated into Persian) and the poetry of Amir Pazevari. The use of Mazandarani, however, has been in decline. Its literary and administrative rank was lost to Persian perhaps long before the ultimate integration of Mazandaran into the national administration in the early seventeenth century. .

The Mazandarani language is closely related to Gilaki and the two languages have similar vocabularies. Notably, the language did not come under the influence of other incoming languages such as Arabic and Turkish. According to Ethnologue, there were more than three million native speakers of Mazandarani in 1993 speaking different dialects such as Gorgani, Ghadikolahi and Palani

Grammar

Mazanderani is an Inflected and Gender free language. It is considered SVO in conventional typology. .

Morphology

Function Cases

Case	Position	Meaning
Səre-a	Nominative	The Home
Səre re	Accusative	To the Home
Səreo	Vocative	Home!
Səreşe	Genitive	Home’s
Səre re	Dative	To the Home
Səre Həje	Ablative	By the Home

Adjectives

Adjective	Position	Meaning
And-e Səre	Applicative
Gat Səre	Comparative	Big Home
Ota Səre	Determinative	That Home
Səre	Superlative	Xaar Səre

Suffixes

Mazandarani is one of Synthetic languages which uses many suffixes to construct adjectives, verbs, and especially nouns. The list below is a sample list obtained from the Online Mazandarani-Persian dictionary.

Locatives

Suffix	Example	Meaning
Kash	Kharkash	Good Place
Kel	Tutkel	Mulberry Limit
Ij	Yoshij	Yoshian
Bun	Chenarbon	At the Plantain
Tum
Ja	Səre Ja	Of Home
Jar
Sar	Bənesar	At the Below

Subjectives

Suffix	Example	Meaning
Tasha		Creator
Chaf	Au Chaf	Water Sucker
Rush	Halikrush	Drupelet Seller
Su	Vərgsu	Wolf Hunter
Keri
Kaf	Ukaf	Who acts in water
Mej		Destroyer
Vej	Galvej	Mouse Finder
Var	Kejevar	Who professional in Keje
Yel	vəngyel	Bandmaster

Orthography

Perso-Arabic Script

Mazanderani is commonly written in the Perso-Arabic script.

Romanization

Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi proposed Latin scripture of this language to be used in dictionaries and other textural resources for compatibly of foreigners. It is also being usable in Chat, Email and SMS messages.

Vocabulary

Although Mazandarani shares the great part of its vocabulary with Gilaki (due to fact that it belongs to Caspian group of languages) and to lesser extend Modern Kurdish & Persian, it has many specific words of its own. Many Proto Indo-Iranian words, no longer in use in Persian, survive in Mazanderani.

Sheltered by high Alborz mountains, Mazandarani preserves many Indo-European old words which are no longer in common use in many other Iranian languages such as Persian. Below, a few common Mazanderani words & their English cognates are listed for sample.

English	Mazanderani	Persian	Sort
New	Neu	Tazeh/No	Adjective
Great	Geat	Bozorg	Adjective
Better	Better	Nekutar/Behtar	Adverb
Been	Bine	Budeh	Auxiliary Verb
Be	Be	Budan	Infinitive of Verb
Moon	Moong	Mah	Noun
Tulip	Tulip	Laleh	Noun
Cow	Guw	Gaav-i Maada	Noun
My	Me	Maal-i Man	Pronoun
Let (German: Lass)	Lass	Derang	Verb
Gab	Gab	Goftogu	Verb
Right	Rast	Rast/Amood/Haq

Colloquial Mazandarani has also a few Nordic, French, English, and a handful of Russian loan words in everyday use.

Use

Mazandarani is the De facto language of Mazandaran. It's the region's most widely spoken language & its native one
The lack of an official status, a cultural center, education & publishment in Mazandarani language combined with the effects of in-community migration & booming tourism, have resulted in the shrinking population of native Mazandarani speakers who use it everyday. Even when it's spoken, extensive use of Persian equivalents in spoken Mazandarani is quite common especially in bigger towns. Education at all levels are offered solely in Persian & all civil activities in Mazandaran are conducted in Persian. Most Mazandarani scholars fear the language gradually loses ground to Persian. The use of English words in colloquial mazandarani has also become recently very prevalent especially among yound people.

Influences exerted by Mazanderani

Modern-day of Iran

There are many popular companies in Iran that their name are from the origin words of this language.

In non-Iranian languages

There are some Mazanderani loanwords in the Turkmen language. There is also evidence that Sanskrit and Mazanderani share some words.

Specimen

mosalmunun! mέrε šabgir varέnnε

āx, mέrε bā kamεr-e haftir varέnnε

mέrε bavέrdεnε Tεrkεmun-e dam

Tεrkεmun kāfεr o gεlilε be-ra:m

Moslems! They are carrying me at the crack of dawn.

O, they are taking me away with a pistol on the waist.

They took me to the vicinity of the Turkmen .

Turkmen unbelievers and the bullet ruthless.

gεtε,

ašun xō badimā mεn še Ali-rε

sio dasmāl davέsso še gali-rε

age xā́nnε bā́urεn ámi badi-rε

bázεne xεrusεk šέme gali-rε

volvol sar-e dār gέnε εy zāri-zāri

me gol dāš báio sarbāz-e Sāri

He would say,

Last night I dreamed my Ali.

He wrapped a black kerchief his throat.

If it is their intention is malignant about us,

May croup-cough attack your throat!

The nightingale on the tree constantly bemoans (?)

My dear brother drafted in Sāri.

Quatrains sang by Sabura Azizi, transcribed and translated by Habib Borjian; Ref. Habib Borjian and Maryam Borjian, “Mysterious Memories of a Woman: Ethno-Linguistic Materials from Rural Mazandaran,” Iran and the Caucasus 11/2, 2007.

ozεrε-vâ énε dámbe sεvâí iấnnε búye dεlbárrε dεvấi qam o qossέye dεl vónε kεnârí me jấne gεl dénε búye xεdâí
	At break of dawn blows the cool breeze. It brings over the healing odor of the beloved. The sorrow of the heart will go away. My dear flower smells like God.

basutέ sinέye miónnε hấreš! tévεsse – nấzεnin! – baímε nâxεš tε armúne dέl i, εy nâzεnin yâr! tévεsse mέsle bεlbεl zámbε nâlεš

	Look at the middle of the burnt chest! For you – O loveable! – I am unwell. You are the heart’s aspiration, O beloved! For you I moan like a nightingale.

Dεl-e armun “Heart’s Aspiration” Rezaqoli Mohammadi Kordekheyli Transcribed and translated by: Habib Borjian

References

See Also: List of the some works on Mazandarani language

General

Dr. Borjian, Maryam; Spring 2005; Bilingualism in Mazandaran: Peaceful Coexistence With Persian; Columbia University, Language, Communities and Education, pp.65-73.

Notes

1372, “Pishvandha-ye tasrifi va ešteqāqi dar afāl e Guyesh e Māzandarāni Kelārdašt,” Majalle-ye Zabānshenāsi, sāl.1, no.1, pp. 88-105
Le Coq, P., 1989, “Les dialects Caspiens et les dialects du nord- ouest de l, Iran,” in Schmitt, R. (ed), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum, pp.296- 312, Wiesbadan.
Melgounof, G., 1868, “ Essai sur les dialects du Masenderan et du Guilanla pronunciation locale”, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Geselaschaft, vol.xxII, pp. 195-224.
Kalbāsi, Iran, 2004,”Gozašte-ye Naqli dar Lahjehā va Guyešha-ye Irāni”, Dialectology, Journal of the Iranian Academy of Persian Language and Literature, vol. 1, No.2, pp.66- 89.
, p.66).
Windfuhr, G. L., New Iranian languages: Overview. In R. Schmitt. (Ed.), Compendium linguarum Iranicarum (pp. 246-49). Wiesbaden: L.Reichert, 1989.
http://www.language-keyboard.com/resource/indo-euro/mazanderani.htm
Jahangir Nasr Ashrafi, 2005, Dictionary of Tabari, Vol 5, comparison between Mazanderani and Turkmen

Bibliography

Johannes Albrecht Bernhard Dorn, 1860-66, Masanderanische Sprache (I-II/1, 3, St. Petersburg)
Satoko Yoshie, 1998, Sari Dialect (of Mazandarani language), Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokio, Japan
Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 1995, Sari Dialect(of Mazandarani), Tehran, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
Dr. Shokri, Guiti; 2006, Ramsari Dialect , Tehran, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.

External links

Iranian languages

History

Eastern

Pamir	Ishkashimi Khufi Munji Rushani Sanglechi Shughni Bartangi Khufi Oroshori Sarikoli Vanji Wakhi Yazghulami Yidgha
Others	Avestan Bactrian Khwarezmian Parachi Pashto Central Northern Southern Wanetsi Ormuri Sarghulami Scythian Alanian Ossetian Digor Iron Jassic Saka Sogdian Yaghnobi

Western

North	Ashtiani Balochi Makrani Daylami Fars Gilaki Gorani Gorgani Karingani Kurdish Kurmanji Sorani Xwarin Kordali Laki Mazanderani Tabaroid Median Old Azeri Parthian Semnani Lasgerdi Sangsari Semnani proper Sorkhei Talysh Tati Tatoid Zaza Zoroastrian Dari
South	Achomi Bashkardi Garmsiri Kuhmareyi Kumzari Luri Bakhtiari Pahlavani Persian Caucasian Tat Dari Hazaragi Tajik Old Persian Middle Persian

Others

Badeshi (unknown further classification)

Italics indicate extinct or historical languages.
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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