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| ==Production== | ==Production== | ||
| ], built in the early 18th century, became Elsinore Castle in the external scenes. The film's budget was $18 million. ''Hamlet'' was filmed in ] by ]. It was the last feature film shot entirely in the ] as of 2007. | ], built in the early 18th century, became Elsinore Castle in the external scenes. The film's budget was $18 million. ''Hamlet'' was filmed in ] by ]. It was the last feature film shot entirely in the ] as of 2007. | ||
| ==Text== | |||
| - All previous ] versions of the play abbreviate the text considerably; Branagh's is notable as the first unabridged presentation. Indeed, Branagh's textual approach is 'maximalist', in that he conflates the ] and ] texts, and therefore includes material (such as the 'How all occasions do inform against me' speech) that is only present in the Second Quarto version and is thus often regarded as of uncertain status.<ref>G.R.Hibbard's 'Oxford Shakespeare' edition (1987), for example, relegates these passages to an Appendix)</ref> (In addition, the film also includes, a single word - "Attack!" - not present in any Shakespearean source or scholarly edition). | |||
| ==Interpretation== | ==Interpretation== | ||
Revision as of 10:06, 9 February 2008
1996 film| Hamlet | |
|---|---|
| File:Hamlet 1996 poster.jpgFilm poster for Hamlet | |
| Directed by | Kenneth Branagh |
| Written by | William Shakespeare |
| Produced by | David Barron |
| Starring | Kenneth Branagh Derek Jacobi Julie Christie Richard Briers Michael Maloney Kate Winslet Billy Crystal Gérard Depardieu Robin Williams Charlton Heston Jack Lemmon Rufus Sewell Timothy Spall Reece Dinsdale Brian Blessed Richard Attenborough Nicholas Farrell John Gielgud Judi Dench |
| Cinematography | Alex Thomson |
| Edited by | Neil Farrell |
| Music by | Patrick Doyle |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release dates | December 25, 1996 |
| Running time | 242 min. |
| Language | English |
Hamlet is a 1996 film version of William Shakespeare's classic play of the same name, adapted and directed by Kenneth Branagh, who also stars in the title role as Prince Hamlet. It is set in the 19th century, and uses Blenheim Palace for exterior scenes. It co-stars Derek Jacobi as King Claudius, Julie Christie as Queen Gertrude, Kate Winslet as Ophelia, Richard Briers as Polonius, and Nicholas Farrell as Horatio.
The film is notable as the first unabridged theatrical film version of the play. The complete film runs at just over four hours. The longest version of the play prior to the 1996 film was the 1980 BBC television version starring Derek Jacobi, which runs three-and-a-half hours. A shorter edit of the Branagh film, approximately two-and-a-half hours long, was shown in some markets.
Cast
The film features a large number of celebrity cameos. Seemingly no role was too small to be played by a star; the servant Reynaldo, who appears only briefly in a single scene and is often left out of abridged versions of the play, is played by French star Gerard Depardieu and other appearances by well-known actors include Charlton Heston as the First Player, Robin Williams as the courtier Osric, Richard Attenborough as the English Ambassador, Brian Blessed as the ghost of Hamlet's father, Jack Lemmon as Marcellus, the palace guard, and Billy Crystal as the gravedigger. The flashbacks and dream sequences even allow for celebrities appearing in non-speaking roles as characters who are only mentioned in the play: Sir John Gielgud and Dame Judi Dench play Priam and Hecuba (mentioned in the monologue performed by the First Player on his arrival at Elsinore), John Mills plays "Old Norway", uncle of Fortinbras (mentioned by Claudius and Voltemand), and Ken Dodd plays Yorick.
In addition to the film stars, the play also features British theatre stars in tiny roles: for example; Simon Russell Beale plays the second gravedigger, Ray Fearon plays the guard Fransisco, Ian McElhinney as Barnardo (Bernardo), and Jeffrey Kissoon plays Fortinbras's captain.
Production
Blenheim Palace, built in the early 18th century, became Elsinore Castle in the external scenes. The film's budget was $18 million. Hamlet was filmed in Panavision System 65 by Alex Thomson. It was the last feature film shot entirely in the 65mm film format as of 2007.
Text
- All previous theatrical film versions of the play abbreviate the text considerably; Branagh's is notable as the first unabridged presentation. Indeed, Branagh's textual approach is 'maximalist', in that he conflates the Second Quarto and First Folio texts, and therefore includes material (such as the 'How all occasions do inform against me' speech) that is only present in the Second Quarto version and is thus often regarded as of uncertain status. (In addition, the film also includes, a single word - "Attack!" - not present in any Shakespearean source or scholarly edition).
Interpretation
Aspects of the film's staging are based on Adrian Noble's recent Royal Shakespeare Company production of the play, in which Branagh had played the title role.
In a radical departure from previous Hamlet films, Branagh set the internal scenes in a vibrantly colourful setting, featuring a throne room dominated by mirrored doors; film scholar Samuel Crowl calls the setting "film noir with all the lights on." Branagh chose Victorian era costuming and furnishings, using Blenheim Palace, built in the early 18th century, as Elsinore Castle for the external scenes. Harry Keyishan has suggested that the film is structured as an epic, courting comparison with Ben Hur, The Ten Commandments and Doctor Zhivago. As J. Lawrence Guntner points out, comparisons with the latter film are heightened by the presence of Julie Christie (Zhivago's Lara) as Gertrude.
Despite using a full text, Branagh's film is also very visual; it makes frequent use of flashbacks to depict elements that are not performed in Shakespeare's text, such as Hamlet's sexual relationship with Kate Winslet's Ophelia and his childhood friendship with Yorick. The film also uses very long single takes for numerous scenes.
Reaction
Hamlet received positive reviews. It has 94% "fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, a website that collects reviews. Critics praised the film for its uncut text, its visual spectacle and its production design by longtime Branagh collaborator Tim Harvey. Some disapproved of Branagh's interpolation of scenes not in the play (including a sexual tryst between Hamlet and Ophelia) and Branagh's own performance came in for criticism. Roger Ebert awarded the film four stars, comparing it to Laurence Olivier's lauded 1948 version while Janet Maslin praised both the film and Branagh's performance.
Some critics, notably Stanley Kauffmann, declared the film to be the finest motion picture version of Hamlet yet made, and online film critic James Berardinelli has gone so far as to declare the Branagh Hamlet the finest Shakespeare film ever made, rating it as the fourth best film of the 90's and one of the top 100 of all time. The New York Review of Books praised the attention given to Shakespeare's language, "giving the meter of the verse a musician's respect,"; Branagh himself says his aim is "telling the story with utmost clarity and simplicity."
However, the film failed at the box office, playing on fewer than 100 screens in the U.S. and earning only $5 million in its limited American run.
The film received four Oscar nominations (for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction and Best Original Score). The nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay raised some eyebrows, since Branagh had made little alteration to Shakespeare's text beyond transposing two or three speeches. However, Roger Ebert, in particular, defended the choice , noting, "A screenplay is something more than dialogue ... Screenplays also cover construction, scene choices, character treatments and, in the case of a writer-director like Branagh, the visual strategy."
DVD release
A 2-Disc DVD was released in the United States on the 14th August 2007. It includes a full-length commentary by Branagh and Shakespeare scholar Russell Jackson.
See also
References
- Alternate versions
- G.R.Hibbard's 'Oxford Shakespeare' edition (1987), for example, relegates these passages to an Appendix)
- Crowl, Samuel "Flamboyant Realist: Kenneth Branagh" in Jackson, Russell The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
- Crowl, p.227
- Keyishian, p.78
- Guntner, pp.122-123.
- Keyishian, p.79
- "Roger Ebert's Review".
- "Janet Maslin's Review".
- "James Berardinelli's Review".
- O'Brien, Geoffrey New York Review of Books 6 February 1997, cited by Samuel Crowl, "Framboyant Realist: Kenneth Branagh" in Jackson, Russell The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film (Cambridge University Press, 2000) p.228
- Branagh, Kenneth Introduction and Notes to Much Ado About Nothing: Screenplay p.ix cited by Crowl, p.228
- "Ebert on Oscar Nomination".
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