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==Controversy and Criticism== ==Controversy and Criticism==
Adherents of Barelvi and ] schools of thought disagree on some religious matters and have had disputes. Deobandi and ] scholars among others, contend that the teachings of Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi constitute ]<ref>]</ref> Critics note that Barelvi acts of worship have no textual basis in Islam, and that certain Barelvi practices have been influenced by ]<ref>]</ref>. Adherents of Barelvi and ] schools of thought disagree on some religious matters and have had disputes. Deobandi and ] scholars among others, contend that the teachings of Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi constitute ].

The ] also issued a fatwa<ref>[http://www.fatwa-online.com/fataawa/creed/deviants/0010517_5.htm "The ruling concerning the Braylwiyyah
"]"</ref> declaring that other Muslims should not pray with Barelwis due to practices which are viewed as ] and ]; however, their bid`ah should be "detested with ] ".

Between 1992 and 2002, Barelwi organizations have claimed to have forcibly taken over dozens of Deobandi and Salafi ] which it claims were usurped by the sect's opponents, in incidents that have often sparked violence.<ref> ], ] 2006</ref> Between 1992 and 2002, Barelwi organizations have claimed to have forcibly taken over dozens of Deobandi and Salafi ] which it claims were usurped by the sect's opponents, in incidents that have often sparked violence.<ref> ], ] 2006</ref>


In May 2001, riots broke out in ] after the assassination of a leader of the Barelwi]movement Sunni Tehreek by Sipah Sahaba Pakistan, a Deoband-affiliated group. <ref name=hindu></ref> In May 2001, riots broke out in ] after the assassination of a leader of the ] movement Sunni Tehreek by Sipah Sahaba Pakistan, a Deoband-affiliated group. <ref name=hindu></ref>

In April 2007 followers of the Barelwi movement congregated outside of a mosque in ] owned by the ] movement and, in an attempt for forcibly take it over, opened fire on the mosque and those inside; the incident resulted in one death and three injuries, with survivors remarking that even the police fled the scene.<ref> ], ] 2007</ref>


== References == == References ==

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Barelwi or Barelvi (Hindi: बरेलवी, Urdu: بریلوی) is a movement of Sufism in South Asia that was founded by Ahmed Raza Khan of Bareilly, Rohilkhand India (hence the term Barelvi). Barelvis compose a sizable portion of the Hanafi Muslim communities in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and among British Asian Muslims.

As Ahmad Raza Khan was a central figure around which the movement was promoted in the Indian subcontinent between the 19th and 20th centuries, the fame of Ahmad Raza Khan developed and likewise his opposition also developed. The name Barelvi came into use to label the followers of Ahmad Raza Khan.

The 'Barelvi school' was founded to defend the existing beliefs of Muslims of South Asia. A common misconception is that the followers of this movement, in the Indian subcontinent indicate their attachment to Ahmad Raza Khan with words like Ahmadi, Raza, Razvi (or Razavi), Barakati, or Nuri.

In reality the terms Nuri and Barkati refer to the Sufi Tariqa that Imam Ahmed Raza Khan followed; the Qadri Barkati tariqa of Marehra Shareef. The term "razavi" refers to those people who have been initiated into the Qadri Sufi Tariqa via the lineage of Imam Ahmed Raza Khan. (For example, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani's followers are known as Qadri's and Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti's followers are called Chishti). These terms are used to show spiritual lineage and not to propagate sects. Followers of Ahmad Raza Khan in India are mainly Hanafi by Madhab (School of jurisprudence), but accept the other three Sunni schools to be valid.

Beliefs

Aqidah

Barelwi follow one of the Ashari or Maturidi schools of Aqidah, the Hanafi school of Fiqh, and one of the Qadiri, Chisti, Naqshbandi or Suhrawardi Sufi orders.

According to Barelvi belief Muhammad had "knowledge of the unseen" and of the deeds of all Muslims, and also had been given knowledge of all creations by Allah. He is also believed to be created from Noor or "light".

Practices

File:Dargah Hazrat Bal.jpg
Dargah Hazrat Bal Kashmir, India.

During Mawlid (the birthday of Muhammad) special recitations that have been written by scholars such as Ahmed Raza Khan are recited. The salat o salam with Durood and Hamd o Naat is recited after Fajr and Jumuah prayers, and are seen as a differentiating feature from others within Islam. The Miraj, Shaberat or Shab-e-Barat, Laylat al-Qadr and Gyarvi Sharif of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is celebrated.

Missionary Activities

Barelvis have expanded their missionary activities in various countries of Asia, Europe, North America and South Africa through the organization Dawat-e-Islami, which was founded by Maulana Ilyas Attar Qadri in 1981 in Karachi, Dawat-e-Islami have a certificate from the Pakistani Defence Ministry proving they are a non terrorist organisation. Their non-political and purely religious activities have contributed to a positive picture of the Barelvi Movement. In England, the movement is considered a moderating force in Islam.

Notable scholars

Early Scholars

Present

Controversy and Criticism

Adherents of Barelvi and Deobandi schools of thought disagree on some religious matters and have had disputes. Deobandi and Salafi scholars among others, contend that the teachings of Ahmad Raza Khan Barelvi constitute Bidah. Between 1992 and 2002, Barelwi organizations have claimed to have forcibly taken over dozens of Deobandi and Salafi Mosque which it claims were usurped by the sect's opponents, in incidents that have often sparked violence.

In May 2001, riots broke out in Pakistan after the assassination of a leader of the Barelwi movement Sunni Tehreek by Sipah Sahaba Pakistan, a Deoband-affiliated group.

References

  1. http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e30.html Light
  2. Hardline takeover of British mosques -Times Online
  3. " Serious threat to Pakistan's civil society" The Hindu, April 18 2006
  4. The Hindu : Opinion / Leader Page Articles : Serious threat to Pakistan's civil society

See also

External links

Organizations

Famous Madrasas

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