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Republic of CroatiaRepublika Hrvatska
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Lijepa naša domovino Our beautiful homeland
Location of Croatia (orange) in Europe (white)  –  [Legend]
Capitaland largest city	Zagreb
Official languages	Croatian
Demonym(s)	Croat(s) Croatian(s)
Government	Parliamentary republic
• President	Stjepan Mesić
• Premier	Ivo Sanader
Establishment
• Founded	First half of 7th century
• Medieval duchy	March 4 852
• Recognized by the Pope	May 21 879
• Elevated to kingdom	925
• Union with Hungary	1102
• Joined Habsburg Empire	January 1 1527
• Independence from Austria-Hungary	October 29 1918
• Joined Yugoslavia (co-founder)	December 1 1918
• Declared independence	October 8 1991
Area
• Total	56,542 km (21,831 sq mi) (126th)
• Water (%)	0.2
Population
• 2008 estimate	4,453,500 (114th)
• 2001 census	4,437,460
• Density	81/km (209.8/sq mi) (109th)
GDP (PPP)	2008 estimate
• Total	$74.419 billion (IMF)
• Per capita	$16,758 (IMF) (54th)
GDP (nominal)	2008 estimate
• Total	$54.950 billion (IMF)
• Per capita	$12,374 (IMF)
Gini (2005)	29 low inequality
HDI (2005)	0.850 Error: Invalid HDI value (47th)
Currency	kuna (HRK)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Calling code	385
ISO 3166 code	HR
Internet TLD	.hr
Also Italian in Istria and languages of other national minorities (Serbian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, etc.) in residential municipalities of the national minorities.

Croatia (/kroʊˈeɪʃə/) (Template:Lang-hr), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska listen), is a country at the crossroads of the Mediterranean, Central Europe, and the Balkans. Its capital is Zagreb. Croatia borders with Slovenia and Hungary to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the east, and Montenegro to the far southeast. Its southern and western flanks border the Adriatic Sea. Croatia is a candidate for membership of the European Union and received NATO membership invitation on 3 April 2008. On October 17 2007 Croatia became a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the 2008-2009 term.

History

The Croats settled in the Balkans and formed two Principalities: Dalmatia and Pannonia. The establishment of the Trpimirovic dynasty ca 850 brought strengthening to the Dalmatian Croat Duchy, which became a Kingdom in 925.

In 1102 Croatia entered into a personal union with the Hungarian Kingdom. After the 1526 Battle of Mohacs the "reliqiae reliqiarum" of Croatia became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1527. In 1918 Croatia joined the Kingdom of Serbia into a Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia).

In 1941-1945 an Axis puppet-state known as the Independent State of Croatia existed. After it suffered a defeat at the hand of the Allies, Croatia became a constitutive republic of the SFRY.

In 1991 it proclaimed independence and fought a long and bloody war until 1995.

Geography

Croatia is located in South-Central Europe. Its shape resembles that of a crescent or a horseshoe, which flanks its neighbours Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. To the north lie Slovenia and Hungary; Italy lies across the Adriatic Sea. Its mainland territory is split in two non-contiguous parts by the short coastline of Bosnia and Herzegovina around Neum.

Its terrain is diverse, including:

• plains, lakes and rolling hills in the continental north and northeast (Central Croatia and Slavonia, part of the Pannonian Basin);
• densely wooded mountains in Lika and Gorski Kotar, part of the Dinaric Alps;
• rocky coastlines on the Adriatic Sea (Istria, Northern Seacoast and Dalmatia).

The country is famous for its many national parks. Croatia has a mixture of climates. In the north and east it is continental, Mediterranean along the coast and a semi-highland and highland climate in the south-central region.

Offshore Croatia consists of over one thousand islands varying in size. The largest islands in Croatia are Cres and Krk which are located in the Adriatic Sea. The Danube, the longest river in the European Union, runs through the city of Vukovar.

Politics

Since the adoption of the 1990 Constitution, Croatia has been a democratic republic. Between 1990 and 2000 it had a semi-presidential system, and since 2000 it has a parliamentary system.

The President of the Republic (Predsjednik) is the head of state, directly elected to a four-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms. In addition to being the commander in chief of the armed forces, the president has the procedural duty of appointing the Prime minister with the consent of the Parliament, and has some influence on foreign policy. His official residence is Predsjednički dvori. Apart from that he has summer residences on the islands of Vanga (Brijuni islands) and the island of Hvar.

Template:Croatia membership The Croatian Parliament (Sabor) is a unicameral legislative body (a second chamber, the "House of Counties", which was set up by the Constitution of 1990, was abolished in 2001). The number of the Sabor's members can vary from 100 to 160; they are all elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The plenary sessions of the Sabor take place from January 15 to July 15, and from September 15 to December 15.

The Croatian Government (Vlada) is headed by the Prime minister who has two deputy prime ministers and fourteen ministers in charge of particular sectors of activity. The executive branch is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic. Government's official residence is at Banski dvori.

Croatia has a three-tiered judicial system, consisting of the Supreme Court, county courts, and municipal courts. The Constitutional Court rules on matters regarding the Constitution.

Counties

Croatia is divided into 20 counties (županija) and the capital Zagreb's city district (in italics below):

Economy

The Croatian economy has a stable functioning market economy which is one of the most advanced of South-Eastern Europe. International Monetary Fund data shows that Croatian nominal GDP stood at US$50.053 billion, or US$11,271 per capita, in 2007. The IMF forecast for 2008 is US$54.950 billion, or US$12,374 per capita. In purchasing power parity terms, total GDP was US$69.866 billion in 2007, equivalent to US$15,733 per capita. For 2008, it is forecast to be US$74.419 billion, or US$16,758 per capita.

According to Eurostat data, Croatian PPS GDP per capita stood at 53.4 per cent of the EU average in 2007, and is forecast to reach 54.1 per cent in 2008. Real GDP growth in 2007 was 6.0 per cent. The average gross salary in 2007 was 6,634 kuna per month. In 2007, the International Labour Organization-defined unemployment rate stood at 9.1 per cent, after falling steadily from 14.7 per cent in 2002. The registered unemployment rate is higher, though, standing at 14.7 per cent in December 2007.

In 2007, 7.2 per cent of economic output was accounted for by agriculture, 32.8 per cent by industry and 60.7 per cent by the service sector. According to 2004 data, 2.7 per cent of the workforce were employed in agriculture, 32.8 per cent by industry and 64.5 in services.

The industrial sector is dominated by shipbuilding, food processing and the chemical industry. Tourism is a notable source of income during the summer, with over 10 million foreign tourists in 2006 generating a revenue of €8 billion. Croatia is ranked as the 18th most popular tourist destination in the world. In 2006 Croatia exported goods to the value of USD$10.4 billion (FOB) (US$19.7 billion including service exports).

Of particular concern is the backlogged judiciary system, combined with inefficient public administration, especially issues of land ownership and corruption. Another main problem includes the large and growing national debt which has reached over 30 billion dollars.

The country has been preparing for membership in the European Union, its most important trading partner. In February 2005, the Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU officially came into force.

Demographics

The population of Croatia has been stagnating over the last decade. The 1991–1995 war in Croatia had previously displaced large parts of the population and increased emigration. Most Serbs of Croatia were driven out from the country in the last stage of the war (about 300,000- compared to the 580,000 who lived in Croatia prior to the 1992 Census). Some Croats who also fled the country during the war are returning. The natural growth rate is minute or negative (less than ± 1%), as the demographic transition has been completed half a century ago. Average life expectancy is approximately 75 years, and the literacy rate is 99%.

Croatia is inhabited mostly by Croats (89.9%). There are around twenty minorities. Serbs, though they were much larger before war , being the largest one (4.5%). The predominant religion is Catholicism (87.8%), with some Orthodox (4.4%) and Sunni Muslim (1.3%) minorities.

The official and common language, Croatian, is a South Slavic language, using the Latin alphabet. Less than 5% of the population cites other languages as their mother tongues.

Culture

Croatian culture is the result of a thirteen century-long history which has seen the development of many cities and monuments. The country includes six World Heritage sites and eight national parks. Croatia is also the birthplace of a number of historical figures included among the notable people are three Nobel prize winners, and numerous inventors.

Some of the world's first fountain pens came from Croatia. Croatia also has a place in the history of clothing as the origin of the necktie (cravat). The country has a long artistic, literary and musical tradition. Also of interest is the diverse nature of Croatian cuisine.

See also

• Communications in Croatia
• Holidays in Croatia
• Military of Croatia
• Protected areas of Croatia
• Tourism in Croatia
• Transport in Croatia
• Sport in Croatia
• Croatian War of Independence
• List of Croatians
• Law enforcement in Croatia
• International rankings of Croatia
• Banovina of Croatia

References

1. Croatia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
2. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
3. http://www.sabor.hr/default.asp?jezik=2
4. "GDP per capita in PPS". Eurostat. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
5. "Real GDP growth rate". Eurostat. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
6. "Statistical Information 2007" (PDF). Republic of Croatia Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
7. "Unemployment rate – total". Eurostat. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
8. "Bulletin 134" (PDF). Croatian National Bank. February 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
9. ^ "Croatia". CIA World Factbook. 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2008-03-09. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
10. Microsoft Word - UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.doc
11. Microsoft Word - UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.doc
12. Microsoft Word - UNWTO_Barom07_3_en.doc
13. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=795

Further reading

• Agičić et al., Povijest i zemljopis Hrvatske, priručnik za hrvatske manjinske škole (History and Geography of Croatia, a handbook for Croatian minority schools), Biblioteka Geographica Croatica, 292 pages, Zagreb:2000 (ISBN 953-6235-40-4) Template:Hr icon
• Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics Cornell University Press, 1984.
• Mirjana Kasapovic (ur.), Hrvatska politika 1990.-2000. Zagreb: Hrvatska politologija 2001.
• Pavol Demes and Joerg Forbrig (eds.), Reclaiming Democracy: Civil Society and Electoral Change in Central and Eastern Europe. German Marshall Fund, 2007. ISBN 978-80-969639-0-4
• Sharon Fisher, Political Change in Post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: From Nationalist to Europeanist. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006 ISBN 1 4039 7286 9

External links

• About Croatia
• Croatian National Tourist Board
• The Government of the Republic of Croatia

• Wikimedia Atlas of Croatia
• Template:Wikitravel

Template:Dmoz

Geographic locale

v t e Countries and dependencies of Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Vatican City States with limited recognition Abkhazia Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependent territories Denmark Faroe Islands autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark United Kingdom Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas) Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory) Crown Dependencies Bailiwick of Guernsey Alderney Guernsey Sark Bailiwick of Jersey Isle of Man Special areas of internal sovereignty Finland Åland (autonomous region subject to the Åland convention of 1921) Norway Svalbard (unincorporated area subject to the Svalbard Treaty) United Kingdom England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland (country of the United Kingdom subject to the British-Irish Agreement) Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent. Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia. Oceanic islands within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf. Governed by the Holy See which has sovereignty over Vatican City. Category Europe portal v t e Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea Sovereign states Albania Algeria Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Cyprus Egypt France Greece Israel Italy Lebanon Libya Malta Monaco Montenegro Morocco Slovenia Spain Syria Tunisia Turkey States with limited recognition Northern Cyprus Palestine Dependencies and other territories Akrotiri and Dhekelia (UK) Gibraltar (UK) Ceuta and Melilla (Spain) Marginal seas Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea Balearic Sea Ionian Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Sea of Crete Sea of Marmara Sea of Sardinia Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea

Within Croatia

v t e World Heritage Sites in Croatia Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik Dubrovnik Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica, Poreč Plitvice Lakes Split with the Palace of Diocletian Stari Grad Plain Stećak Cista Velika Dubravka Trogir Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries Šibenik Zadar Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe Northern Velebit National Park Paklenica with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia with Italy and Montenegro with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and Ukraine v t e Cities and towns of Croatia by population 100,000+ Rijeka Split Zagreb 50,000+ Osijek Pula Slavonski Brod Velika Gorica Zadar 30,000+ Bjelovar Dubrovnik Karlovac Kaštela Samobor Šibenik Sisak Varaždin Vinkovci 15,000+ Čakovec Đakovo Dugo Selo Koprivnica Križevci Kutina Metković Petrinja Poreč Požega Sinj Solin Sveta Nedelja Virovitica Vukovar Zaprešić 10,000+ Crikvenica Daruvar Duga Resa Gospić Ivanec Ivanić-Grad Jastrebarsko Kastav Knin Krapina Labin Makarska Našice Nova Gradiška Novi Marof Novska Ogulin Omiš Opatija Popovača Rovinj Slatina Sveti Ivan Zelina Trogir Umag Vrbovec v t e Inhabited islands of Croatia Biševo Brač Čiovo Cres Drvenik Mali Drvenik Veli Dugi Otok Hvar Ilovik Ist Iž Kaprije Koločep Kornat Korčula Krapanj Krk Lastovo Lopud Lošinj Male Srakane Mljet Molat Murter Olib Ošljak Pag Pašman Premuda Prvić Rab Rava Rivanj Sestrunj Silba Šipan Šolta Susak Ugljan Unije Vele Srakane Vir Vis Vrgada Žirje Zlarin Zverinac v t e Protected areas of Croatia National parks Brijuni Kornati Krka Mljet Northern Velebit Paklenica Plitvice Lakes Risnjak Nature parks Biokovo Dinara Kopačevo Marsh Lastovo Lonjsko Polje Medvednica Papuk Telašćica Učka Velebit Lake Vrana Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje

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• Slavic countries