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{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Misplaced Pages:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| Name = Jimmy Page
| Img = JimmyPage.jpg
| Img_capt = Jimmy Page with ] (]).
| Img_size = 186
| Landscape =
| Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| Birth_name = James Patrick Page
| Alias =
| Born = {{birth date and age|1944|1|9|df=y}}<br>], ], ]
| Died =
| Instrument = ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
| Genre = ], ], ], ]
| Occupation = ], ], ]
| Years_active = 1962–present
| Label =
| Associated_acts = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
| URL =
| Notable_instruments = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]
}}
{{for|the Scottish football (soccer) player|Jimmy Page (footballer)}}
'''James Patrick Page''', ] (born ] ]) is an ] ], ] and ]. He began his career as a studio ] in ] and was subsequently a member of ] from 1966 to 1968, after which he co-founded the English rock band ].
Page has been described as "unquestionably one of the all-time most influential, important, and versatile guitarists and songwriters in rock history".<ref name=amgbio></ref> In 2003, '']'' magazine ranked Page #9 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.<ref name=RS931>{{cite journal |title=The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time |journal=Rolling Stone |issue=931 |date=], ] |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time |accessdate=2007-12-09 }}</ref> He has been inducted into the ] twice, as a member of ] (1992)<ref></ref> and as a member of ] (1995).<ref></ref>
==Life and career==
===Early years===
Page was born in the west London suburb of ], which today forms part of the ]. His father was an industrial personnel manager and his mother was a doctor's secretary. In 1952 they moved to Miles Road, ]. Jimmy Page first picked up the guitar when he was 12 years old and, although he took a few lessons in nearby ], was largely self-taught. Among his early influences were ] guitarists ] and ], who both played on recordings made by ]. The Presley song "Baby Let's Play House" was an early favourite on one of his first electric guitars, a second hand 1959 Futurama Grazioso.{{Fact|date=November 2007}} Page's musical tastes included skiffle and acoustic folk playing, particularly that of ] and ], and the blues sounds of ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name=page93>, '']'' magazine, 1993</ref> At the age of 14, Page appeared on ]'s '']'' talent quest programme in a ] trio, a popular English music genre of the time. One performance was televised. Page said in an interview with '']'' magazine, "There was a lot of ] in the early days, but as I say, I had to come to grips with it, and it was a good schooling."<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=int23 | title = Interviews - Guitar Player magazine - July 1977 | accessdate = 2007-01-06 |date=2006-01-26 | work = Achilles Last Stand | quote = there was a lot of busking ...}}</ref>
Page would take a guitar to school each day and have it confiscated and handed back to him at 4.00 pm.<ref name=Kendall11>''Led Zeppelin In Their Own Words'' compiled by Paul Kendall (1981), London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-86001-932-2, p. 11.</ref> He was interested in science and had an interview for a job as a Laboratory Assistant, but he chose to leave school to pursue music instead <ref name=Kendall11 /> and after brief stints backing Beat poet ] and singer Red E. Lewis, Page was asked by singer ] to join his band The Crusaders. Page toured with Christian for approximately two years and later played on several of his records, including the November 1962 single, "The Road to Love".
During his stint with Christian, Page fell seriously ill with ] and couldn't continue touring. While recovering, Page decided to put his musical career on the shelf and concentrate on his other love, painting. He enrolled at Sutton Art College in ]. As he explained in an interview in ]:
{{cquote| travelling around all the time in a bus. I did that for two years after I left school, to the point where I was starting to get really good bread. But I was getting ill. So I went back to art college. And that was a total change in direction. That's why I say it's possible to do. As dedicated as I was to playing the guitar, I knew doing it that way was doing me in forever. Every two months I had glandular fever. So for the next 18 months I was living on ten dollars a week and getting my strength up. But I was still playing.<ref name=PP75></ref>}}
===Session musician===
While still a student, Page would often jam on stage at ] with bands such as ]' All Stars, ]'s ] and with guitarists ] and ]. He was spotted one night by John Gibb of ], who asked him to help record a number of singles for ], including "The Worrying Kind". It wasn't until an offer from ] of ] that Page was to receive regular studio work. His first session for the label was the recording "]" by ] and ] which went to Number 1 on the singles chart in early 1963.
After brief stints with ], ] group, and Mickey Finn and the Blue Men, Page committed himself to full-time session work. As a ] he was known as 'Little Jim' so there was no confusion with ]. Page was the favoured session guitarist of producer ], and therefore he ended up doing session work on songs for ] and ] as a direct result of the Talmy connection.<ref name=tripleJ> - Triple J Music Specials - Led Zeppelin (first broadcast ])</ref>
Page's studio output in 1964 included ]'s "]", ]' "]", ]' "]" (released on '']''), ] & ] "]" and "]", ] "]" and "My Baby Left Me", and ]'s "Is It True". Under the auspices of producer Talmy, Page contributed to ]' 1964 debut album and he sat in on the sessions for ]'s first single "]" (although Pete Townshend was reluctant to allow Page's contribution on the final recording, Page did play on the B-side "]".)
In 1965, Page was hired by Rolling Stones manager ] to act as house producer and A&R man for the newly-formed ] label, which also allowed him to play on and/or produce tracks by ], ], ], ] and ]. Page also formed a brief songwriting partnership with then romantic interest, ]. He worked as session musician on the ] album '']'' in 1969, and played guitar on five tracks of ]'s debut album, '']''.
When questioned about which songs he played on, especially ones where some controversy as to what his exact role was, Page often points out that it is hard to remember exactly what he did given the huge number of sessions he was playing at the time.<ref name=tripleJ />
Although Page recorded with many notable musicians, many of these early tracks are only available through ] copies, several of which were released by the Led Zeppelin fan club in the late 1970s. The records released by the fan club include many otherwise ]. One of the rarest of these is the early jam session featuring Jimmy Page playing with ] guitarist ], featuring a cover of "Little Queen of Spades" by ].
Page has stated that his time as a session player served as extremely good schooling for his development as a musician:
{{cquote|My session work was invaluable. At one point I was playing at least three sessions a day, six days a week! And I rarely ever knew in advance what I was going to be playing. But I learned things even on my worst sessions -- and believe me, I played on some horrendous things. I finally called it quits after I started getting calls to do Muzak. I decided I couldn't live that life anymore; it was getting too silly. I guess it was destiny that a week after I quit doing sessions Paul Samwell-Smith left The Yardbirds, and I was able to take his place. But being a session musician was good fun in the beginning -- the studio discipline was great. They'd just count the song off, and you couldn't make any mistakes.<ref name=page93>, '']'' magazine, 1993</ref>}}
===The Yardbirds===
{{main_article|The Yardbirds}}
]
In late 1964 Page was approached about the possibility of replacing ] in ], but he declined the offer out of loyalty to his friend. In February 1965 Clapton quit the Yardbirds, and Page was formally offered Clapton's spot, but because he was unwilling to give up his lucrative career as a session musician, and because he was still worried about his health under touring conditions, he suggested his friend, ], fill the position. On ], ], drummer ], bass player ], keyboardist ], ] and Page recorded "]" in London's ]. The experience gave Page an idea to form a new ] featuring Beck, along with ]'s ] on bass and ] on drums. However, the lack of a quality vocalist and contractual problems prevented the project from getting off the ground. During this time Entwistle suggested the name "] ]" for the first time, after Moon commented that the proceedings would take to the air like a lead balloon.
Within weeks, Page was again offered a spot in the Yardbirds and at first played ] with the group after the departure of ], before finally switching to twin ] with Beck when ] moved to bass. The musical potential of the line-up however was scuttled by interpersonal conflicts caused by constant touring and a lack of commercial success, although they released one single, "]". (While Page and ] played together in ], the trio of Page, ] and ] never played in the original group all at the same time. The three guitarists did appear on stage together at the ] in 1983.)
After Beck's departure, the Yardbirds remained a quartet. They recorded one album with Page on lead guitar, '']''. The album received indifferent reviews and was not a commercial success, peaking at only number 80 on the ]. Though their studio sound was fairly commercial at the time, the band's live performances were in total contrast with this, becoming heavier and more experimental. These concerts featured musical aspects that Page would later perfect with Led Zeppelin, most notably performances of "]".
Despite the departure of ] and ] in 1968, Page wished to continue the group with a new line-up to fulfill unfinished tour dates in ]. He recruited vocalist ] and drummer ], and was contacted by John Paul Jones who asked to join, to which Page agreed. During the ] the new group appeared as "The New Yardbirds", but soon recalled the old joke by Keith Moon and John Entwistle. Page stuck with that name to use for his new band. Peter Grant changed it to "Led Zeppelin," to avoid a mispronunciation of ''"Leed Zeppelin."''
===Led Zeppelin===
{{main_article|Led Zeppelin}}
Page has explained that he had a very specific idea in mind as to what he wanted Led Zeppelin to be, right from the very beginning:
{{cquote|I had a lot of ideas from my days with The Yardbirds. The Yardbirds allowed me to improvise a lot in live performance and I started building a textbook of ideas that I eventually used in Zeppelin. In addition to those ideas, I wanted to add acoustic textures. Ultimately, I wanted Zeppelin to be a marriage of blues, hard rock and acoustic music topped with heavy choruses -- a combination that had never been done before. Lots of light and shade in the music.<ref name=page93>, '']'' magazine, 1993</ref>}}
====Influence====
Page's past experiences both in the studio and with the Yardbirds were very influential in contributing to the success of Led Zeppelin in the 1970s. As a ], composer, and guitarist he helped make Led Zeppelin a prototype for many future rock bands, and was one of the major driving forces behind the rock sound of that era, influencing a host of other guitarists.<ref name=theirtime>"Their Time is Gonna Come", '']'', December 2007</ref> For example, his sped up, downstroke guitar riff in "]" is cited as guitarist ]'s inspiration for his punk-defining, strictly downstroke guitar strumming, while Page's landmark ] from the song "]" has been credited by ] as the inspiration for his two-hand ] technique after he saw Led Zeppelin perform in 1971. Page's solo in the famous epic "]" has been voted by readers of various guitar magazines, including '']'' and '']'', as the greatest guitar solo of all time, and he was named 'Guitarist of the Year' five years straight during the 1970s by '']'' magazine.
====Effects====
For the recording of most of Led Zeppelin material from Led Zeppelin's ] onwards, Page used a ] guitar with ] amplification. During the studio sessions for '']'', and later for recording the guitar solo in "Stairway To Heaven", he also used a ]. He also used a ] DC-59, mainly for slide guitar parts. He usually recorded in studio with a Vox AC30, Fender, and Orange amplification. His use of the Sola Sound Tone Bender Professional MKII ] ("]"), ] ("]", "]", "]", "]"), ] ("]", "]", "]", "]" and for effect at the very end of "]"), and acoustic guitar ("]", "]") also demonstrated his versatility and creativity as a composer.
Page is famous for playing his guitar with a ], as on the songs "]" and "]". This was a technique he developed during his session days, although strictly speaking he was not the first guitarist to use a bow, since ] of ] had done so prior to Page.<ref name=tripleJ /> On ]'s ''Led Zeppelin ]'', Page said that he obtained the idea of playing the guitar with a bow from ] who was also a session musician. Page used his Fender Telecaster and later his Gibson Les Paul for his bow solos.
On a number of Led Zeppelin songs Page experimented with feedback devices and a ]. He used a ] but not always in the traditional way of rocking it back and forth as done by ] and other contemporaries; instead, he put it fully forward in the treble position to get a sharper tone.
====Music production techniques====
Page is credited for the innovations in sound recording he brought to the studio during the years he was a member of Led Zeppelin.<ref name="guiwo">{{cite journal |last=Tolinski |first=Brad |coauthors=Greg Di Bendetto |year=1998 |month=January |title=Light and Shade |journal=Guitar World |url=http://trublukris.tripod.com/inter/jp-history.html |accessdate= 2007-12-10 |quote= }}</ref><ref name=sonic>"Rock’s sonic architect", '']'', December 2007</ref> During the late 1960s, most British music producers placed ]s directly in front of ]s and ], resulting in the sometimes "tinny" sound of the recordings of the era. Page commented to ''Guitar World'' magazine that he felt the drum sounds of the day in particular "sounded like cardboard boxes."<ref name="guiwo" /> Instead, Page was a fan of 1950s recording techniques; ] being a particular favourite. In the same ''Guitar World'' interview, Page remarked, "Recording used to be a science," and " used to have a maxim: distance equals depth." Taking this maxim to heart, Page developed the idea of placing an additional microphone some distance from the amplifier (as much as twenty feet) and then recording the balance between the two. By adopting this technique, Page became one of the first ] producers to record a band's "ambient sound" - the distance of a note's time-lag from one end of the room to the other.<ref name=RS2006>{{cite journal |last=Gilmore |first=Mikal |title=The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin |journal=Rolling Stone |issue=1006 |date=], ] |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/11027261/the_long_shadow_of_led_zeppelin/print |accessdate=2007-12-09 }}</ref>
For the recording of several Led Zeppelin tracks, such as "]" and "]", Page additionally utilised "]" - a technique which he claims to have invented himself while with The Yardbirds (he had originally developed the method when recording the 1967 single "]").<ref name="guiwo"/> This production technique involved hearing the echo before the main sound instead of after it, achieved by turning the tape over and employing the echo on a spare track, then turning the tape back over again to get the echo preceding the signal.
Page has stated that, as producer, he deliberately changed the ]s on Led Zeppelin albums, from ] for the first album, to ] for '']'', to ] for '']'' and later albums. He explained that "I consciously kept changing engineers because I didn't want people to think that they were responsible for our sound. I wanted people to know it was me."<ref name="guiwo" />
In an interview he gave to ''Guitar World'' magazine in 1993, Page remarked on his work as a producer:
{{cquote|Many people think of me as just a riff guitarist, but I think of myself in broader terms... s a producer I would like to be remembered as someone who was able to sustain a band of unquestionable individual talent, and push it to the forefront during its working career. I think I really captured the best of our output, growth, change and maturity on tape -- the multifaceted gem that is Led Zeppelin.<ref name=page93>, '']'' magazine, 1993</ref>}}
===Post-Led Zeppelin career===
Led Zeppelin disbanded in 1980 following the death of drummer ] at Page's home, The Old Mill House at ] in ]. Page made a successful return to the stage at a Jeff Beck show in March 1981 at the Hammersmith Odeon.<ref>{{cite book | author= Case, George| title=Jimmy Page: Magus, Musician, Man - An Unauthorized Biography| edition=1st Edition | location=New York| publisher=Hal Leonard| year=2007| pages=p. 164| id=ISBN 978-1-4234-0407-1}}</ref> Page appeared with the A.R.M.S. (Action Research for ]) charity series of concerts in 1983 which honoured ] bass player ], who suffered from the disease. A 1984 video of a London A.R.M.S. concert was released featuring two songs from Page's work on the '']'' soundtrack, featuring ] on vocals, and an on stage jam of "]" reunited Page with ] guitarists ] and ]. The Madison Square Garden show featured vocals by future The Firm vocalist Paul Rodgers. During the tour Page looked extremely thin and frail.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} According to the book ''Hammer of the Gods'', Page reportedly told friends that he'd just given up ] after seven years of use.
Page next linked up with ] for an album ('']'') and occasional concerts, performing a predominantly acoustic set at folk festivals under various guises such as the MacGregors, and Themselves. In 1984, Page recorded with former Zeppelin vocalist, Robert Plant as ], and with ] on the film soundtrack '']''. He also teamed up with ] of ] and ] fame to record two albums under the name ]. The first album was the self-titled '']'', followed by '']'' in 1986. Popular songs included the commercially successful "Radioactive", and "Closer", which employs a horn section to subtle effect. The cover version of "]" featured vocals by Paul Rodgers but was never released as a single. The album peaked at #17 on the ] Pop Albums chart. Various other projects soon followed such as session work for ], ], ] (on their 1986 single "]"), and ], a solo album '']'', a collaboration with ] in '']''. In addition, he also collaborated with director ] to record the '']'' and subsequent '']'' soundtrack, released in 1982 and 1985 respectively. Several of these albums Page recorded and produced at his own recording studio, ] in ], which he had purchased from ] in the early 1980s.
The surviving members of Led Zeppelin re-formed in 1985 for the ] concert with both ] and ] filling drum duties. However, the band considered their performance to be sub-standard with Page going on stage heavily intoxicated{{Fact|date=May 2008}} and let down by a poorly-tuned Les Paul. They were one of the few Live Aid acts to refuse permission for their segment to be included in the 20th anniversary DVD release of the concert. In 1986, Page reunited temporarily with his Yardbirds bandmates to play on several tracks of the ] album '']''. The band also re-formed for the Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary show on 14 May, 1988. Page, Plant and Jones, as well as ]'s son ] closed the 12-hour show. The band have also played together at various private family functions.
In 1990, a ] concert to aid the Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Centre and the British School for Performing Arts and Technology saw Plant unexpectedly joined by Page to perform "]", "]" and "]".
In 1994, Page reunited with Plant for the penultimate performance in '']'''s "]" series. The 90-minute special, dubbed ''Unledded'', premiered to the highest ratings in MTV's history. In October of the same year, the session was released as the CD '']'', and in 2004 as the DVD '']''. Following a highly successful mid-90s tour to support ''No Quarter'', Page and Plant recorded 1998's '']''.
Since 1990, Page has been heavily involved in ]ing the entire Led Zeppelin back catalogue and is currently participating in various charity concerts and charity work, particularly the ''Action for Brazil's Children Trust'' (ABC Trust), founded by his wife Jimena Gomez-Paratcha in 1998. In the same year, Page played guitar for ] singer/producer ]'s song "]," which heavily samples Led Zeppelin's "]" and was included in the soundtrack of '']''. The two later performed the song on '']''. A live album and tour with ] follow in 1999.
In 2001 he made an appearance on stage with ] frontman ] and ] of ] at the MTV Europe Video Music Awards in ], where they performed a version of Led Zeppelin's "]".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12051457 | title = Led Zep's Page Joins Limp Bizkit's Durst And Puddle of Mudd's Scantlin On Stage | accessdate = 2007-02-17 |date=2001-10-11 | publisher = Yahoo | quote = Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page made a surprise appearance on stage with Limp Bizkit frontman ] and Puddle of Mudd leader ] at the MTV Europe Video Music Awards in Frankfurt, Germany on Thursday (]). The trio performed Zeppelin's classic tune, "Thank You."}}</ref>
In 2005, Page was awarded the ] in recognition of his ]ian charity work at Task Brazil,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbc.ca/story/arts/national/2005/12/14/page-obe.html | title = Jimmy Page given OBE for charity work | accessdate = 2007-01-06 |date=2005-12-14 | work = CBC.ca Arts | publisher = CBC | quote = Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page has been made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, but not for his music.... The Queen bestowed the OBE on the 61-year-old rocker at Buckingham Palace on Wednesday to recognise his work with poor children in Brazil.}}</ref> made an honorary citizen of ] later that year, and was awarded a Grammy award.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4271212.stm | title = Zeppelin's Page made Rio citizen | accessdate = 2007-01-06 |date=2006-09-22 | work = BBC News | publisher = BBC | quote = Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page has been made an honorary citizen of Brazilian city Rio de Janeiro for his work helping its street children.}}</ref>
In November 2006, Led Zeppelin were inducted into the ]. The ] broadcasting of the event consisted of an introduction to the band by various famous admirers, a presentation of an award to Jimmy Page and then a short speech by the guitarist. After this, rock group ] played a tribute to Led Zeppelin, playing the song "]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogger.xs4all.nl/werksman/archive/2006/09/21/124425.aspx |title=Wolfmother live at Led Zep's induction |accessdate=2007-12-10 |author=Hans Werksman |date=2006-09-21 |format=weblog |work=Here Comes The Flood |publisher= Hans Werksman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5338196.stm|title=Led Zeppelin make UK Hall of Fame |accessdate=2007-12-10 |date=2006-05-23 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
On ] ], Page was featured at #19 on ]'s The Ultimate Hellraiser, a countdown of music's top 25 who "lived the rock 'n' roll lifestyle". The show's reason for featuring Page was almost exclusively attributed to the groupies who toured with Led Zeppelin. In addition, many of John Bonham's shenanigans (for example driving a motorcycle down a hotel corridor) were blamed on Page.
On ] ], Contacmusic.com confirmed that Page was "Too traumatised for Zeppelin reunion" until now. He states in the article, "After John Bonham's death I spent 15 years not even wanting to think about Led Zeppelin. But I also have difficulty thinking it's all over. Now at least one concert is planned and I'm incredibly happy about that."
In 2006, Page attended the induction of Led Zeppelin to the ]. During an interview for the BBC for said event, he expressed plans to record new material in 2007, saying "It's an album that I really need to get out of my system... there's a good album in there and it's ready to come out" and "Also there will be some Zeppelin things on the horizon".{{Fact|date=December 2007}}<!-- this citation URL no longer exists, as of 2007-12-09
On ] ], Page played alongside the Foo Fighters at Wembley Stadium
<ref>}}</ref> -->
==Personal life==
Page's daughter, ] (born March 1971), is a photographer. Her mother, ] is a former model, who was his ] from 1970 to 1983, she had a cameo appearance in the 1976 film ''].{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
Page also had relationships with a number of other women in the 1970s, including ], ], ] (the wife of ] of the ]) and ].<ref name=RS1985>{{cite journal |last=Davis |first=Stephen |title = Power, Mystery And The Hammer Of The Gods: The Rise and Fall of Led Zeppelin |journal = Rolling Stone |issue=451 |date=], ] |url =http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/articles/story/17537975/power_mystery_and_the_hammer_of_the_gods |accessdate=2008-01-15 }}</ref>
From 1986 to 1995 Page was married to ], a model and waitress. They have a son, James Patrick Page III (born April 1988). Jimmy Page is now married to ]. They have two children named Zofia Jade (born June 1997) and Ashen Josan (born January 1999). Jimena has a daughter Jana (born 1995) from a previous relationship.<ref>{{cite book | author= Case, George| title=Jimmy Page: Magus, Musician, Man - An Unauthorized Biography| edition=1st Edition | location=New York| publisher=Hal Leonard| year=2007| pages=p. 227| id=ISBN 978-1-4234-0407-1}}</ref>
In 1972 Page bought, from ], the home which ] designed for himself in London, ]. "I had an interest going back to my teens in the pre-Raphaelite movement and the architecture of Burges," he said. "What a wonderful world to discover." The reputation of William Burges (1827-1881) rests on his extravagant designs and his contribution to the Gothic revival in architecture in the nineteenth century.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_east/3730777.stm | title = Rock legend's pilgrimage to castle | accessdate = 2007-02-17 | work = BBC News | publisher = BBC | quote = A fan of the Victorian architect's work, Page lives in the house which Burgess designed for himself in London and allowed it to be featured in a new book on Burgess.}}</ref>
From the mid 1970s to 2004 Page owned 'The Mill House', Mill Lane, Windsor, UK - formerly the home of actor ]. Fellow Led Zeppelin band member ] died at the house in 1980.
From the early 1970s to well into the 1980s, Jimmy Page owned the ], the former residence of occultist ]. Sections of Page's fantasy sequence in the film ''The Song Remains the Same'' were filmed at night on the mountain side directly behind Boleskine House.
===Interest in the occult===
In the early 1970s, Jimmy Page owned an ] bookshop and publishing house, "The Equinox Booksellers and Publishers" in Kensington High Street, London, eventually closing it as the increasing success of Led Zeppelin resulted in his having insufficient time to devote to it. The company published a facsimile of Crowley's 1904 edition of '']''. The seriousness of Page's intent was demonstrated by the dust wrapper being printed on the notoriously fragile camel hair paper of the original.
The appearance of four symbols on the jacket of Led Zeppelin's fourth album have been linked to Page's interest in the occult. It is generally accepted that the four symbols represented each member of the band. During tours and performances after the release of '']'', Page often had ] symbols embroidered on his clothes (referred to as his "Dragon Suit", it included the signs for Capricorn, Scorpio and Cancer which are Page's Sun, Ascendant and Moon signs, respectively) along with the so-called "ZoSo" symbol. The source of the ZoSo symbol itself is no longer a mystery but the meaning of it still is; it originated in 'Ars Magica Arteficii' (1557) by J Cardan, an old alchemical ], where it has been identified as a ] consisting of zodiac signs. The sigil is reproduced in "Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic and Alchemical Sigils" by Fred Gettings, published in 1982 by Routledge & Kegan Paul (). It had previously been conjectured that the symbol was derived from various occult and mystical sources, most notably The ], a stylised "]" from ]'s Equinox publication or from ]'s "Zos Speaks"' but these are now considered to be probably incorrect. It has also been alleged that the symbol is merely a doodle that Page scribbled while on the telephone.
The artwork inside the album cover of ''Led Zeppelin IV'' is from a painting by Barrington Colby Mom, influenced by the traditional Rider/Waite Tarot card design for the card called "The Hermit". Page transforms into this character during his segment of the movie "The Song Remains the Same".
The artwork for the ] label, which was a record label launched by Led Zeppelin on ], ], as a vehicle for the band to promote its own products. The Swan Song company logo, depicting a writhing winged man (sans genitalia) in the sky, was based on '']'' (1869) by painter ], featuring a picture of the mythological Greek god of light and reason, ], although often it is mistakenly misinterpreted as the classical Greek hero ], who flew too close to the Sun, or ], a fallen angel who was cast out of heaven and then became ].<ref> - "Ascensionism: Get It Up!", essay, ]</ref>
During the time of the ] hearing of the 1980s there were some accusations claiming the song "]" had allegedly ] reverse-audio messages (known at the time as "]") in the verse that starts with the line 'If there's a bustle in your hedgerow'.
Page was commissioned to write the soundtrack music for the film '']'' by another occultist and Crowley admirer, underground movie director ]. Page even allowed Anger to film a portion of this movie in the basement of Tower House (Page's London residence). In the end Page produced 23 minutes of music which Anger felt were useless because the film ran for 28 minutes and Anger wanted the film to have a full soundtrack. Anger claimed Page took three years to deliver the music, and the final product was only 23 minutes of droning. On top of that, the director slammed the guitarist in the press by calling him a "dabbler" in the occult and an addict. Anger accused Page of "having an affair with the White Lady" and being too strung out on drugs to complete the project. Page countered claiming he had fulfilled all his obligations, even going so far as to lend Anger his own film editing equipment to help him finish the project. Bootlegs of Page's soundtrack for the project exist and were highly prized by Page's fans until an album also titled "Lucifer Rising" was released by Boleskine House Records on ], ]. The blue vinyl disc contains all 23 minutes of the soundtrack music that Page provided for the movie. The introduction to Led Zeppelin's song "In the Evening" is said to be taken from the unfinished soundtrack, most of which was recorded by running a guitar through a synthesiser.
Although Page collected works by Crowley, he never described himself as a Thelemite nor was he ever initiated into the O.T.O., and has since distanced himself from anything to do with the occult movement. The Equinox Bookstore and Boleskine House were both sold off during the 1980s, as Page settled into family life and participated in charity work.
===Drug use===
Page himself has admitted to heavy use of drugs throughout the 1970s. In an interview he gave to '']'' magazine in 2003, he stated that:
{{cquote|I can't speak for the , but for me drugs were an integral part of the whole thing, right from the beginning, right to the end.<ref>Tolinski, Brad, "The Greatest Show On Earth, ''Guitar World'', July 2003; re-published in ''Guitar Legends Magazine'', Winter 2004, p. 72.</ref>}}
In 1973 Led Zeppelin's main choice of drug was ],<ref name="Led Zeppelin 1968-1980"> {{cite book | title=Led Zeppelin 1968-1980 | year=2005 | author=Keith Shadwick and Led Zeppelin | pages= 178, 201, 237 | ISBN 978-0879308711}}</ref> with Page, drummer ] along with manager ] and tour manager ], becoming regular users.<ref>Cole, Richard (1992) ''Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored'', New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-018323-3, pp. 220. 249-250, 255.</ref> After the band's ] in that year, Page told ]:
{{cquote|Oh, everyone went over the top a few times. I know I did and, to be honest with you, I don't really remember much of what happened.<ref>Case, George, "Jimmy Page: Magnus, Musician, Man", ''Hal Leonard Books 2007''; excerpt printed in ''Guitar World'', May 2007, p. 52.</ref>}}
In 1976, Page began to use ], a fact attributed to Richard Cole, who stated that Page (as well as himself) was taking the drug during the recording sessions of the album '']'' in that year, and that Page admitted to him shortly afterwards that he was ] to the drug.<ref>Cole, Richard (1992) ''Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored'', New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-018323-3, pp. 322-326.</ref>
By Led Zeppelin's ], Page's heroin addiction was beginning to hamper his guitar playing performances.<ref name=RS2006>{{cite journal |last=Gilmore |first=Mikal |title=The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin |journal=Rolling Stone |issue=1006 |date=], ] |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/11027261/the_long_shadow_of_led_zeppelin/print |accessdate=2007-12-09 }}</ref><ref name=amgbio /><ref name=RS1985>{{cite journal |last=Davis |first=Stephen |title = Power, Mystery And The Hammer Of The Gods: The Rise and Fall of Led Zeppelin |journal = Rolling Stone |issue=451 |date=], ] |url =http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/articles/story/17537975/power_mystery_and_the_hammer_of_the_gods |accessdate=2008-01-15 }}</ref> By this time the guitarist had lost a noticeable amount of weight. His onstage appearance was not the only obvious change, his addiction caused Page to become so inward and isolated it altered the dynamic between him and Plant considerably.<ref name=" In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music"> {{cite book | title= In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music | year=2001 | Publisher=Oxford University Press | author=Susan Fast | pages= 47 | ISBN 978-0195147230 }}</ref> During the recording sessions for '']'' in 1978, Page's diminished influence on the album (relative to bassist John Paul Jones) is partly attributed to his ongoing heroin addiction, which resulted in his absence from the studio for long periods of time.<ref>Aizelwood, John, "Closing Time", ''Q Magazine'' Special Led Zeppelin edition, 2003, p. 94.</ref>
Page reportedly kicked his heroin habit in the early 1980s.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> {{cite book | title=Hammer of the Gods (LPC) | year=1995 | author=Stephen Davis | pages= 316-317 ISBN 033043859-X }}</ref> In a 1988 interview with '']'' magazine, Page took offense when the interviewer noted that heroin had been associated with his name, and insisted that "I'm not an addict, thank you very much."
In an interview he gave to '']'' in 2003, Page responded to a question as to whether he regrets getting so involved in heroin and cocaine:
{{cquote|I don't regret it at all because when I needed to be really focused, I was really focused. That's it. Both ''Presence'' and ''In Through the Out Door'' were only recorded in three weeks: that's really going some. You've got to be on top of it.<ref name=bioh>Nick Kent, "Bring It On Home", '']'', Special Led Zeppelin edition, 2003</ref>}}
==Accolades and tributes==
{{trivia|date=December 2007}}
* In 2001 he was voted London's greatest guitarist in '']'' magazine's poll of the greatest 12 British guitarists.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=26&string=Queen | title = Page wins popular vote in Brit guitar poll |date=2001-06-20 | accessdate = 2007-01-06 | work = Top40-Charts.com | publisher = Rolling Stone | quote = Page won the Greater London spot ... topped all vote-getters for the mythic Prime Minister position.}}</ref>
*In 2003, '']'' magazine named him number nine on their list of the "100 greatest guitarists of all time".<ref name=RS931 />
*Page's solo in "]" was voted the greatest ] of all time in a '']'' magazine readers' poll.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://guitar.about.com/library/bl100greatest.htm | title = 100 Greatest Guitar Solos
| accessdate = 2007-01-06 | work = About:Guitar | publisher = The New York Times Company | quote = 1. song: Stairway to Heaven / guitarist: Jimmy Page}}</ref>
*Clive Winston, a character in the ] and ] video game '']'', wears clothes resembling Page's "Dragon Suit" used in Led Zeppelin's late 75 into 77 concerts as well as playing guitar solos with a violin bow when Star Power is activated and also has dragons as the design on his guitar neck, in a tribute to Page. In ''Guitar Hero II'', an achievement in the Xbox 360 version of the game is titled the "Page and Plant Award", given to two players who can hit 100% of the notes in cooperative mode.
*Page is mentioned in the ]' song "Rock Show" with the line: "What's that man movin' 'cross the stage? It looks a lot like the one used by Jimmy Page. It's like a relic from a different age. Could be...Oo-Ee..."
*Page is also mentioned in the ] song "A.M. Radio" with the line: "I remember 1977 / I started going to concerts and I saw the Led Zeppelin / I gotta guitar Christmas Day / I prayed that Jimmy Page would come to Santa Monica and teach me to play"
*Page is mentioned in the song "The New Style" by US hip-hop group ], with the line: "If I played guitar I'd be Jimmy Page, the girlies I like are underage." The second half of the couplet is perhaps an acknowledgement of Page's relationship with ], a fourteen-year-old groupie at the time she met Page, who was 28 himself.
*Page is mentioned by full name in both the title and chorus of the ] song "I Hate Jimmy Page".
*Page is mentioned by surname in the ] song "Downtown" from his album '']'': "...Led Zeppelin on stage / there's a mirrorball twirlin' / and a note from Page..."
==Pre / Post Led Zeppelin discography==
*'']'' Jimmy Page, ], ] blues album (1971)
*''Special Early Works'' (1972), 1965 session recordings with ]
*'']'' (1982), US #50
*'']'' (1984), with ]
*''No Introduction Necessary'' (1984), 1968 session recordings feat. ] and ]
*'']'' (1985), with ]
*''] (1985), sessions with ] on tracks "Spaghetti Junction" and "Crackback"
*'']'' (1985)
*'']'' (1986)
*'']'' (1986), with ]
*'']'' (1987)
*'']'' (1988), US #26
*'']'' (1993)
*'']'' (1994)
*'']'' (1998), with ]
*'']'' (2000), US #64
*'']'' (2006) - ] album featuring Jimmy Page on the first track, 'Rock and Roll'.
==Equipment==
;Electric guitars
*1959 ] (given to Page by ] and repainted with a psychedelic Dragon on it by Page. Played with the Yardbirds, on ''Led Zeppelin'', the early tours (68-69)
*1958 ] Standard (No. 2)
*1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard (No. 1) ''Given to him by Joe Walsh''<ref>{{cite book |last=Bacon |first=Tony |title=Electric Guitars:The Illustrated Encyclopedia |publisher=Thunder Bay Press |id=ISBN 978-1-59223-053-2 |pages=pg. 121}}</ref>
*1978 Gibson Les Paul Standard
*1959 ] 3021 AKA 59-DC (tuned to DADGAD tuning and used live for "White Summer", "Black Mountain Side", "Kashmir" and "Midnight Moonlight" with The Firm.)
*Another Danelectro 59-DC, tuned to open G or A tuning for slide and used live for "In My Time Of Dying".
*1967 ] ]
*1960 Black ](with Bigsby Tremolo) - stolen in 1970 ]
*] 12 String
*1971 ] (used for playing "]", "]", "]" and on some occasions, "Tangerine" live)
*1973 Gibson Les Paul Standard (seen in "The Song Remains The Same" during the theremin/solo section of "Whole Lotta Love". This guitar was later fitted with a Parsons-White B-string bender and used on the Outrider tour.)
*1964 Lake Placid Blue ](Used during recording sessions for ''In Through the Out Door'' and 1979 at Knebworth, especially for ''In the Evening'')
*1966 Cream Fender Telecaster (Used on ''Physical Graffiti'')
*1960's Rosewood ] All rosewood body featuring a Parsons and White B-string bender. Seen primarily during the 1980s ] and ] era. Also used at Knebworth in 1979, notably on "Ten Years Gone" and "Hot Dog".
*1965 ] (12-String)
*1977 ] (used at Knebworth in 1979, on "Misty Mountain Hop")
*] (Very seldom used, 80s tour)
*Another Gibson doubleneck guitar was given to him after he agreed to allow the company to reproduce his original EDS-1275. The guitar was picked by Page out of numerous others after he struck one chord. Page declared "This is it, this is the one!" The guitar was marked (beforehand) #1.
*2007 Gibson Black Beauty custom (remake of his original stolen in 1970, has modifications concerning pickup configurations which include a 6-way pickup selector, and coil-tap on the bridge pickup)
*Les Paul Goldtop w/ Transperformance tuning device ''Used on Atlantic 40th reunion, Coverdale/Page recordings, and Page/Plant tours''
*Mid 80s Black Kramer guitar with a trem ''Used for Outrider''
*Paul Reed Smith (used on the Outrider tour, notably on "City Sirens" and "Wasting My Time")
;Amplifiers
*] 1959SLP, rewired to 200 watts.
*] 50, used on the 1970 Led Zeppelin tour
*] AC30
;Acoustic guitars
*]
*] D-28
*Gibson ''Everly Brothers''
*] 12-String
*] Sovereign
*] 12 String
*] 1994 Double Neck
;Other instruments
*Gibson ]
*Gibson ]
*Roland GR-700 ]
*Fender 10-String 800 ]
*] ]
*]
*]
;Collection
Jimmy Page is reputed to own in excess of 1500 different guitars. Page revealed this rough estimate to ] presenter ] in June 2005.
Due to the fact the guitar was too heavy for him, one of Jimmy Page's ] is now owned by ] of ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guitarplayer.com/article/lords-prance/jan-04/928 |title=Lords of the Prance |accessdate=2007-12-09 |last=Molenda |first=Michael |year=2004 |month=January |work=Guitar Player}}</ref> It is not the same Black Beauty that was stolen from him in 1970.
;Signature models
Gibson released ] which was discontinued in 1999, then released another version in 2004, which has also been discontinued. The 2004 version included 25 guitars signed by Page, 150 aged by a former Gibson employee (an acknowledged aging 'master'), and 840 'unlimited' production guitars. The Jimmy Page Signature ] has been produced by Gibson. Recently, Gibson reproduced Page's 1960 Les Paul Black Beauty, the one stolen from him in 1970, with modern modifications. This guitar will be sold in 2008 with a run of 25, again signed by Page, plus an additional 500 unsigned guitars.
== Legal action ==
In July 2007 Page gave testimony and observed evidence on behalf of Led Zeppelin at a court case in ] against an alleged bootlegger. Robert Langley was charged with, and denied, 12 counts of producing and selling products without ] permission.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=77618 |title=Jimmy Page Testifies In Bootlegging Trial |accessdate=2007-12-09 |date=July 26, 2007 |publisher=Blabbermouth.net}}</ref> Page was shown hundreds of CDs and DVDs, ranging from his solo material to his time in Led Zeppelin and The Yardbirds, which Langley was allegedly selling in ] during 2005. Many contain footage and audio from Page's personal collection, stolen from his home in the early 1980s.<ref name=BBCBoot>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6917449.stm |title=Star Page witness in bootleg case |accessdate=2007-12-09 |date=July 26, 2007 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
The goods were found on sale as far away as ], where shop-owners thought they were official. Page later said "If you have something like this that appears legitimate then it is just not right". Page concluded his day in court by greeting waiting fans and signing autographs.<ref name=BBCBoot />
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Published sources==
*{{cite book |author=Case, George | title=Jimmy Page: Magus, Musician, Man | publisher=Hal Leonard books | year=2007 | id=ISBN 1-4234-0407-6}}
*Howard Mylett (1984) ''Jimmy Page: Tangents Within a Framework'', London: Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-0265-8.
*Chris Welch (1985) ''Power & Glory: Robert Plant & Jimmy Page'', London: Zomba Books, ISBN 0-9463-9174-2.
==External links==
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*{{imdb name|id=0656211|name=Jimmy Page}}
*{{amg|id=11:7e8n1vsjzzua|label=Jimmy Page}}
* {{Discogs artist|artist=Jimmy+Page}}
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{{Led Zeppelin}}
{{The Firm}}
{{The Yardbirds}}
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