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| ==2000s== | ==2000s== | ||
| Although disputes prior to the events of late 2004 were present including the accidental shooting down of a Russian ] in 2002 by the Ukrainian air defence and the controversy with the ], relations with Russia under the latter years of ] improved. After the ], however, several problems resurfaced including a ] |
Although disputes prior to the events of late 2004 were present including the accidental shooting down of a Russian ] in 2002 by the Ukrainian air defence and the controversy with the ], relations with Russia under the latter years of ] improved. After the ], however, several problems resurfaced including a ], and Ukraine's potential ] ]. | ||
| Today Russia remains Ukraine's biggest economic parter, ] is heavily dependent on Russian tourists, and Russia's economy boom also ownes to many Ukrainian migrant workers. The overall perception of relation with Russia in Ukraine differs largely on regional factors. Many Russophone eastern and southern regions, which are also home to the majority of the ] welcome closer relations with Russia, and even a potential national union. However further central and particularly western regions of Ukraine show a rise in ] and resent the Ukrainian dependence on the Russian economy and its natural resources. In Russia, there is no regional breakdown in the opinion of Ukraine, but on the whole, Ukraine's recent attempts to have a only pro-Western, anti-Russian orientiation was seen as a sign of hostility and drop of Ukraine's perception. This was further fuelled by many internal policies of Ukraine including the question of ] and statements by the ]<ref></ref> and ], the ]<ref></ref> and other Russian politicians who sometimes seem to deliberately misinterpreted facts<ref></ref>. | Today Russia remains Ukraine's biggest economic parter, ] is heavily dependent on Russian tourists, and Russia's economy boom also ownes to many Ukrainian migrant workers. The overall perception of relation with Russia in Ukraine differs largely on regional factors. Many Russophone eastern and southern regions, which are also home to the majority of the ] welcome closer relations with Russia, and even a potential national union. However further central and particularly western regions of Ukraine show a rise in ] and resent the Ukrainian dependence on the Russian economy and its natural resources. In Russia, there is no regional breakdown in the opinion of Ukraine, but on the whole, Ukraine's recent attempts to have a only pro-Western, anti-Russian orientiation was seen as a sign of hostility and drop of Ukraine's perception. This was further fuelled by many internal policies of Ukraine including the question of ] and statements by the ]<ref></ref> and ], the ]<ref></ref> and other Russian politicians who sometimes seem to deliberately misinterpreted facts<ref></ref>. | ||
Revision as of 12:37, 27 June 2008
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 Russia |
 Ukraine |
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Russia–Ukraine relations refer to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Russia and Ukraine. Russia has an embassy in Kiev and consulates in Kharkiv, Lviv, Odessa and Simferopol. Ukraine has an embassy in Moscow and consulates in Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok.
History of Relations
Both countries have common history, Ukraine's capital Kiev is often referred to as a mother of Russian Cities or a cradle of the Russian civilisation owning to the once powerful Kievan Rus state. After the Mongol invasion of Rus the histories of the Russian and Ukrainian people's split. The former, successful in re-uniting all the remnants of the Rus' northern provinces swelled into a powerful Russian state. The latter came under the domination of Poland-Lithuania but the increasing pressure of the commonwealth caused the Zaporozhian Cossacks to seek union with Russia via the Treaty of Pereyaslav.
Afterwards Ukraine was gradually absorbed into the Russian Empire, which was completed in the late 18th century with the Partitions of Poland and the disbandment of the last Cossack units. Many people born in Ukraine had powerful positions in the Russian Empire. The citizens of (what is now (modern) Ukraine) where often called Little Russians.
After the February Revolution early relations with Russian Provisional Government and the Ukrainian Central Rada were the borders of the Ukrainian People's Republic, as over the three centuries of Ukraine being part of Russia several mixed Russian and Ukrainian territories were formed. The Sloboda region to the northeast, the Donets Basin to the east and the New Russia to the south. After the October Revolution, Ukraine became a battleground in the Russian Civil War and both Russians and Ukrainians fought in nearly all armies based on their political belief.
In 1922, Ukraine and Russia were two of the founding members of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and were the signatories of the treaty that terminated the union in December 1991.
The 1990s
After both Ukraine and Russia terminated the union several accute disputes formed. The former one was the question of the Crimea which the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic has administered since 1954, but the transfer itself was done in violation of acting Soviet law. This however was largely resolved with Russia allowing Crimea to remain part of Ukraine, provided its Autonomous Republic status is preserved.
The second major dispute of the 1990s was the city of Sevastopol, with its base of the Black Sea Fleet. Unlike Crimea, Sevastopol was directly subordinate to Moscow, and after several years of intense negotiations, it was decided on the Fleet's partioning and Russia retaining its base in Sevastopol until 2017.
Another major dispute became the energy supply problems as several Soviet-Western Europe oil & gas pipelines ran through Ukraine. In the 1990s Ukraine openly syphoned off Russian gas, and after new treaty's came into affect, the enormous debts were payed off by transfer of several modern weaponry and nuclear arsenals to Russia such as the Tu-160 bombers.
During the 1990s both countries along with other ex-Soviet states founded the Commonwealth of Independent States and large business partnerships came into affect.
2000s
Although disputes prior to the events of late 2004 were present including the accidental shooting down of a Russian Tupolev Tu-154 in 2002 by the Ukrainian air defence and the controversy with the Tuzla Island, relations with Russia under the latter years of Leonid Kuchma improved. After the Orange Revolution, however, several problems resurfaced including a gas dispute, and Ukraine's potential NATO membership.
Today Russia remains Ukraine's biggest economic parter, Ukraine's tourist industry is heavily dependent on Russian tourists, and Russia's economy boom also ownes to many Ukrainian migrant workers. The overall perception of relation with Russia in Ukraine differs largely on regional factors. Many Russophone eastern and southern regions, which are also home to the majority of the Russian diaspora in Ukraine welcome closer relations with Russia, and even a potential national union. However further central and particularly western regions of Ukraine show a rise in anti-Russian Sentiment and resent the Ukrainian dependence on the Russian economy and its natural resources. In Russia, there is no regional breakdown in the opinion of Ukraine, but on the whole, Ukraine's recent attempts to have a only pro-Western, anti-Russian orientiation was seen as a sign of hostility and drop of Ukraine's perception. This was further fuelled by many internal policies of Ukraine including the question of Russian language and statements by the Russian Foreign Ministry and Yury Luzhkov, the Mayor of Moscow and other Russian politicians who sometimes seem to deliberately misinterpreted facts.
References
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