Misplaced Pages

Al Anbar Governorate: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 20:38, 21 July 2008 editPolaron (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users44,831 editsm Reverted edits by Hisham600 (talk) to last version by Polaron← Previous edit Revision as of 13:35, 22 July 2008 edit undoAl-Anbari (talk | contribs)20 editsNo edit summaryNext edit →
Line 11: Line 11:
|latd=32 |latm=54 |latNS=N |latd=32 |latm=54 |latNS=N
|longd=41 |longm=36 |longEW=E |longd=41 |longm=36 |longEW=E
|population_as_of = 2003 |population_as_of = 2008
|population_total = 1,230,000 |population_total = 2,665,000
|population_footnotes = {{Fact|date=July 2008}} |population_footnotes =
|blank_name=Main language(s) |blank_name=Main language(s)
|blank_info= ] |blank_info= ]
|density_km2 = 8.7 |density_km2 = 8.7
|area_total_km2 = 137808 |area_total_km2 = 138501
}} }}
'''Al Anbar''' ({{lang-ar|الأنبار}}; {{unicode|al-’Anbār}} or '''Anbar''') is the largest ] geographically. Encompassing much of the country's western territory, it shares borders with ], ], and ]. Al Anbar is overwhelmingly ] ]. Its capital is ]. '''Al Anbar''' ({{lang-ar|الأنبار}}; {{unicode|al-’Anbār}} or '''Anbar''') is the largest ] geographically. Encompassing much of the country's western territory, it shares borders with ], ], and ]. Al Anbar is overwhelmingly ] ]. Its capital is ].


The name of the province is from the Arabic انبار, ''’Anbār'', which means "]," as this region was the primary ] on the western borders of ]. The name of the province is from the Arabic انبار, ''’Anbār'', which means "]," in ] as this region was the primary ] on the western borders of ].


The province was known as '''Dulaim''' until 1962 when it was changed to '''Ramadi'''. In 1976 it was renamed '''Al Anbar'''. Before 1976 the province was known as '''Ramadi'''; before 1962, it was known as '''Dulaim'''.

All the inhabitants of the province are ] Muslims from the ].
<ref name="MNFI"></ref>
== Weapons in Al Anbar ==
According to recent statistics, There are an estimated 20 million ] in Al Anbar, opposed to an estimated population of 2 million, according to official reports, a ratio of ten firearms for every ].
It's traditional for ] tribe members to keep weapons at home.
The arms included ], surface-to-air missiles, anti-tank shells, rocket-propelled grenades as well as large quantities of mines, ] and ammunition.

Anbar consider the source of weapons in ], it is known that some clans of Dulaim traffic in arms from and to the neighboring countries ], ], ], ], ].

==History==

====Iraq War events in Al Anbar====
The city of ] is also in Anbar. The Iraqi resistance was widely considered to be stronger in this province than in any other in Iraq, and was the most hostile against American forces.<ref name="MNFI" />

In late 2003 to 2007, a series of operations by US forces, was not successful in driving resistance from Anbar. Additionally, in early 2006, several clans — some including resistance groups raids against Americans forces in the area, the increase of sectarian violence in ](that pushed many of the Sunni Dulaimi clans back into alliances with militants) and the continued resistance control of several cities in Anbar showed that fighting in the region was far from over. Reports in March 2006 suggested that the Anbar capital Ramadi had largely fallen under resistance control along with most of the region, as a result the ] sent an additional 3,500 Marines to re-establish control of the region.<ref>{{cite news
| last =Knickmeyer
| first =Ellen
| coauthors =
| title =U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =]
| date =2006-05-30
| url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html
| accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref>

The Iraq war website casualties has reported that 1,142 Iraqi soldier and 2,220 US Soldier and 7,542 ] were killed in action in Anbar province between the start of 2004 and the end of February 2006. Many of these died in and around Fallujah and Ramadi.

Anbar, with ] and ] and ] and ] and ] and ] and ] in particular, is known for its inhabitants' strong tribal
and religious traditions. Allegedly, former President ] was constantly
wary of the volatile nature of the area. All the inhabitants of the province are ] Muslims from the ] tribe.

The Washington Post reported on ], ] that, according to a recent ] secret report, "The prospects for securing that country's western Anbar province are dim and there is almost nothing the U.S. military can do there. Reporting that there are no functioning Iraqi government institutions in Anbar, leaving a vacuum that has been filled by the Resistance groups, which has become the province's most significant political force. Another person familiar with the report said it describes Anbar as beyond repair; a third said it concludes that the United States has been defeated in Anbar."<ref>{{cite news
| last =Ricks
| first =Thomas E
| title =Situation Called Dire in West Iraq
| publisher =]
| date =2006-09-11
| url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components
| accessdate =2007-06-18}}</ref>
The Dulaimis was not able to tolerate the behavior of the American soldiers arresting everyone and attacking the sunni cities, for that The Dulaimis Fought with al-Zarqawi against Iraqi government and U.S. forces.

After five years of fighting the American Army, The Dulaimis the Anbar residents was completely loyalty to the armed groups and the US forces was unable to control on village or city in Al-Anbar.<br>

In late 2007 the United States negotiated with Anbar tribal leaders including Sheikh Abu Risha and the leaders of the armed groups and agreed on establishing Iraqi police in Anbar.

In June 2008, it was announced that Anbar would be the tenth province to transfer to Provincial Iraqi Control. Today the ] and Anbar police which formed by Anbar sheikhs, Control on Al-Anbar region.


==Geography of Al Anbar== ==Geography of Al Anbar==


], Anbar province consider part of the ]. Characterized by desert climate, and low rainfall and high variation heat between day and night. Where summer temperatures rise to 42 degrees Celsius, in the winter down amounted to 9 degrees Celsius. the northwesterly winds and south-west sometimes amounting to a maximum speed of 21 m / sec. Average rainfall in winter to 115 mm.
]The ] flows diagonally from the north to the southeast, passing through six of the eight districts:

the most important agricultural crops in it are wheat, potatoes and autumn and barley, maize and vegetables and fodder. in it large number of orchards and containing 2.5 million palm trees. Agriculture depends on perfusion or through the rivers and the wells and the rains.
]

The ] flows diagonally from the north to the southeast, passing through six of the eight districts:


*] *]

*] *]

*] *]

*] *]

*] *]

*] *]


*] forms the majority of the Governorate's area, occupying the large desert area in the southwest. *] forms the majority of the Governorate's area, occupying the large desert area in the southwest.



== Cities and The Population == == Cities and The Population ==
According to statistics of the Ministry of Commerce in 1999, there about 1.5 million inhabitants in seven major cities in Al Anbar province. According to statistics in 2008 the population had increased to 2,665,000. In the 1920s, Baghdad province had 250,000 people and Dulaim province (Anbar) had also 250,000 from a total population in Iraq of 2 million, today Baghdad province has 7 million people.<ref>Marvellous Mesopotamia, The world's wonderland, by Toseph T.Parfit M.A, Page 15</ref>
{{cleanup-rewrite|2=section}}
===Historical population===
In the 1920s, the province had 250,000 people from a total population in Iraq of 2 million. It is believed that the total population of Anbar was between 2 to 6 million people in the 1960s but there are no precise statistics because Anbar was dangerous area at that time and the majority of the residents lived on the banks of the ] outside the cities and the towns, However there were between 1.9 million and 2.9 million inhabitants in the other districts of Al Anbar.<ref>{{cite book |last= Parfit
|first= Joseph T.
|title=Marvellous Mesopotamia, The world's wonderland
|year=1920
|url=http://www.archive.org/details/marvellousmesopo00parfrich
|publisher= S. W. Partridge & co., ltd
|location= London
|isbn=
|pages=15}}</ref>


According to ] statistics in 2004 the population of Al Anbar is 1,328,776.<ref name=iraqitic> </ref> According to the Iraqi government in 2008 The population in seven major cities in Al Anbar is 1,460,130.
According to statistics of the Ministry of Commerce in 1999, there were about 1.5 million inhabitants in seven major cities in Al Anbar province.
Number of the population is unknown, and there are no precise statistics Include all of the cities and towns and villages and the people of Anbar.


According to the former regime{{Fact|date=July 2008}}, the cities of ] (650,000) and ] (700,000) had a population of over 1.3 million people. According to the former regime in 2003 just the city of ] (650,000) and ] (700,000) exceed 1.3 million people. According to the former regime, Al-Anbar province inhabit by 3,549,000 people.<ref>According to the former regime,<br>
] 926,000<br>
] 780,000 <br>
] 750,000<br>
] 500,000 <br>
] 270,000 <br>
] 150,000 <br>
] 120,000 <br>
] 53,000.</ref>


According to the election for the iraqi government, The largely Sunni province is one of the most violent Against the occupation in Iraq and turnout was very low. Of the total population of some 2 million only 3775 voted.
According to ] statistics in 2003 the population of Al Anbar is 1,230,169.<ref name=un></ref> But the governor of Al Anbar ] says "The UN statistics are incorrect and there no statistics included all the cities and towns in Al Anbar".{{Fact|date=July 2008}}

During the ], turnout in the largely Sunni province was very low. Of the total population of some 2 million only 3775 voted.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}

===Current population===
There are no precise estimates of the population which include all of the cities and towns and villages in Anbar. According to a 2003 estimate by the NGO Coordination Committee in Iraq, the population was 1,230,140.<ref></ref>

Most of the inhabitants are ] Muslims from the ].
<ref name="MNFI"></ref>


=== List of cities and towns in Al-Anbar === === The most important cities ===
*] (483 thousand) — capital of Anbar *] (483 thousand) <ref name=iraqitic /> — capital of Anbar
*] (473 thousand) *] (473 thousand) <ref name=iraqitic />
*] (170 thousand) *] (170 thousand) <ref name=iraqitic />
*] (110 thousand) *] (115 thousand) <ref name=iraqitic />
*] (100 thousand) *] (100 thousand)
*] (52 thousand) *] (52 thousand)
Line 82: Line 135:
*] (110 thousand) *] (110 thousand)
*] (50 thousand) *] (50 thousand)
*] (150 thousand)
*] *]
*] *]
Line 93: Line 147:
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *] (6 thousand)
*] (100 thousand) *] (100 thousand)
*] (32 thousand) *] (32 thousand)
*] (20 thousand) *] (20 thousand)
*] *] (40 thousand)
*] (80 thousand) *] (80 thousand)
*] (116 thousand) *] (116 thousand)
Line 105: Line 159:
*] *]
*] (125 thousand) *] (125 thousand)

==Provincial Government==
*Governor: ]
*Deputy Governor: ] <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Muftis-muddled-call-sets-the-hares-running/2005/05/12/1115843314492.html
|title=Mufti's muddled call sets the hares running
|accessdate=2008-07-08
|last=McGeough
|first=Paul
|date=2005-05-13|publisher=}}</ref>
*Deputy Governor: ] <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.idb.org/docs/Trade%20and%20Investment%20in%20Iraq%20A%20Choppin.pdf
|title=Trade and Investment In Iraq |accessdate=2008-07-08
|last=Choppin |first=Adam |date=2006|publisher=Institute for Defense and Business}} </ref>
*Provincial Council Chairman (PCC): ]

==History==
{{Expand|section|date=July 2008}}
Anbar is known for its inhabitants' strong tribal and religious traditions. Allegedly, former President ] was constantly wary of the volatile nature of the area.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}

The Iraqi resistance was widely considered to be stronger in this province than in any other in Iraq, and was the most hostile against American forces. In late 2005, a series of operations by US forces was relatively successful in driving resistance from Anbar.<ref name="MNFI" /> Additionally, in early 2006, several clans — some including former insurgent groups, began efforts to drive out al Qaida militants. However, subsequent insurgent raids against Americans forces in the area, the increase of sectarian violence in ] (that pushed many of the Sunni tribes back into alliances with militants) and the continued insurgent control of several cities in Anbar showed that fighting in the region was far from over. <ref name="MNFI" />

Reports in March 2006 suggested that the Anbar capital Ramadi had largely fallen under resistance control along with most of the region, as a result the ] committed its reserve force, 3,500 soldiers from the 2nd brigade, ], to re-establish control of the region.<ref>{{cite news
| last =Knickmeyer
| first =Ellen
| coauthors =
| title =U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq
| work =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher =]
| date =2006-05-30
| url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052901172_pf.html
| accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref>

The independent website ] has reported that 1,298 US soldiers have been killed in action in Anbar during the war. Many of these died in and around Fallujah and Ramadi.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://icasualties.org/oif/ProvinceMap.aspx
|title=Iraq Coalition Casualty Count - Death by provinces map
|accessdate=2008-07-07
|publisher=icasualties.org
|date=2008-07-07}}</ref>

The Washington Post reported on ], ] that, according to a recent ] secret report, "The prospects for securing that country's western Anbar province are dim and there is almost nothing the U.S. military can do there. Reporting that there are no functioning Iraqi government institutions in Anbar, leaving a vacuum that has been filled by the Resistance groups, which has become the province's most significant political force. Another person familiar with the report said it describes Anbar as beyond repair; a third said it concludes that the United States has been defeated in Anbar."<ref>{{cite news
| last =Ricks
| first =Thomas E
| title =Situation Called Dire in West Iraq
| publisher =]
| date =2006-09-11
| url =http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091001204.html?nav=rss_email/components
| accessdate =2007-06-18}}</ref>

In November 2006, another U.S. military report was filed, confirming the earlier warning that Anbar was falling under resistance control. The report stated that "the social and political situation has deteriorated to a point that U.S. and Iraqi troops are no longer capable of militarily defeating the insurgency in al-Anbar," and that "nearly all government institutions from the village to provincial levels have disintegrated or have been thoroughly corrupted and infiltrated by Al Qaeda in Iraq, or a smattering of other resistance groups." leaving the insurgency and al-Qaeda in Iraq as the "dominant organization of influence in al-Anbar," <ref>{{cite news
|coauthors=Dafna Linzer and Thomas E. Ricks
|title=Anbar Picture Grows Clearer, and Bleaker
|publisher=Washington Post
|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/27/AR2006112701287.html
|date=2006-11-28
|accessdate=2008-07-07
}}</ref>

In late 2007 the United States changed strategies in Anbar. It negotiated with tribal leaders including ] and agreed on establishing Iraqi police in Anbar. U.S. forces would also withdraw from cities of Anbar and would release Sunni detainees.{{Fact|date=July 2008}}

A New York Times article in April 2007 described Anbar as "undergoing a surprising transformation. Violence is ebbing in many areas, shops and schools are reopening, police forces are growing." It continued, "Yet for all the indications of a heartening turnaround in Anbar, the situation, as it appeared during more than a week spent with American troops in Ramadi and Falluja in early April, is at best uneasy and fragile,", citing a lack of municipal services, weak local government, and failure to stop all the insurgent attacks. Still, "There are some people who would say we've won the war out here. I'm cautiously optimistic as we're going forward." <ref>{{cite news
|first=Kirk
|last= Semple
|title= Anbar province revitalized as it tames insurgents
|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003685559_iraqramadi29.html
|publisher=Seattle Times
|date= 2007-04-29
|accessdate=2008-07-07
}}</ref>

In June 2008, it was announced that Anbar would be the tenth province to transfer to ], the first Sunni Arab region to be handed back.<ref>{{cite news
|first=Tim
|last=Cocks
|title=U.S. handover of Iraqi province delayed
|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL1549095220080627
|publisher=Reuters
|date=2008-06-27
|accessdate=2008-07-07
}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*]
*]
*] (The governor of Al Anbar)
*]
*] *]
*]
*]
*]


==External links== ==External links==
*
*
*
* ''<small>(Captain Patriquin USA, and Major Megan McClung USMC were both Killed by an IED, while escorting press in Anbar (one of whom was ])''<ref></ref><ref></ref></small> * ''<small>(Captain Patriquin USA, and Major Megan McClung USMC were both Killed by an IED, while escorting press in Anbar (one of whom was ])''<ref></ref><ref></ref></small>


Line 210: Line 183:


] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 13:35, 22 July 2008

Governorate in Ramadi, Iraq
Al Anbar Governorate Template:Lang-ar
Governorate
Location of Al Anbar Governorate
CountryIraq
CapitalRamadi
Area
 • Total138,501 km (53,476 sq mi)
Population
 • Total2,665,000
Main language(s)Arabic

Al Anbar (Template:Lang-ar; al-’Anbār or Anbar) is the largest province in Iraq geographically. Encompassing much of the country's western territory, it shares borders with Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Al Anbar is overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim Arab. Its capital is Ar Ramadi.

The name of the province is from the Arabic انبار, ’Anbār, which means "granaries," in Arabic as this region was the primary entrepot on the western borders of Lakhmid Kingdom.

Before 1976 the province was known as Ramadi; before 1962, it was known as Dulaim.

All the inhabitants of the province are Sunni Muslims from the Dulaim tribe.

Weapons in Al Anbar

According to recent statistics, There are an estimated 20 million weapons in Al Anbar, opposed to an estimated population of 2 million, according to official reports, a ratio of ten firearms for every citizen. It's traditional for Dulaim tribe members to keep weapons at home. The arms included mortars, surface-to-air missiles, anti-tank shells, rocket-propelled grenades as well as large quantities of mines, explosives and ammunition.

Anbar consider the source of weapons in Iraq, it is known that some clans of Dulaim traffic in arms from and to the neighboring countries Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey.

History

Iraq War events in Al Anbar

The city of Fallujah is also in Anbar. The Iraqi resistance was widely considered to be stronger in this province than in any other in Iraq, and was the most hostile against American forces.

In late 2003 to 2007, a series of operations by US forces, was not successful in driving resistance from Anbar. Additionally, in early 2006, several clans — some including resistance groups raids against Americans forces in the area, the increase of sectarian violence in Baghdad(that pushed many of the Sunni Dulaimi clans back into alliances with militants) and the continued resistance control of several cities in Anbar showed that fighting in the region was far from over. Reports in March 2006 suggested that the Anbar capital Ramadi had largely fallen under resistance control along with most of the region, as a result the US sent an additional 3,500 Marines to re-establish control of the region.

The Iraq war website casualties has reported that 1,142 Iraqi soldier and 2,220 US Soldier and 7,542 Mercenary were killed in action in Anbar province between the start of 2004 and the end of February 2006. Many of these died in and around Fallujah and Ramadi.

Anbar, with Ramadi and Haditha and Hīt and Al Qa'im and Fallujah and Haqlaniyah and Khaldiya in particular, is known for its inhabitants' strong tribal and religious traditions. Allegedly, former President Saddam Hussein was constantly wary of the volatile nature of the area. All the inhabitants of the province are Sunni Muslims from the Dulaim tribe.

The Washington Post reported on September 11, 2006 that, according to a recent U. S. Marine Corps secret report, "The prospects for securing that country's western Anbar province are dim and there is almost nothing the U.S. military can do there. Reporting that there are no functioning Iraqi government institutions in Anbar, leaving a vacuum that has been filled by the Resistance groups, which has become the province's most significant political force. Another person familiar with the report said it describes Anbar as beyond repair; a third said it concludes that the United States has been defeated in Anbar."

The Dulaimis was not able to tolerate the behavior of the American soldiers arresting everyone and attacking the sunni cities, for that The Dulaimis Fought with al-Zarqawi against Iraqi government and U.S. forces.

After five years of fighting the American Army, The Dulaimis the Anbar residents was completely loyalty to the armed groups and the US forces was unable to control on village or city in Al-Anbar.

In late 2007 the United States negotiated with Anbar tribal leaders including Sheikh Abu Risha and the leaders of the armed groups and agreed on establishing Iraqi police in Anbar.

In June 2008, it was announced that Anbar would be the tenth province to transfer to Provincial Iraqi Control. Today the Anbar military forces and Anbar police which formed by Anbar sheikhs, Control on Al-Anbar region.

Geography of Al Anbar

Geographically, Anbar province consider part of the Arabian Peninsula. Characterized by desert climate, and low rainfall and high variation heat between day and night. Where summer temperatures rise to 42 degrees Celsius, in the winter down amounted to 9 degrees Celsius. the northwesterly winds and south-west sometimes amounting to a maximum speed of 21 m / sec. Average rainfall in winter to 115 mm.

the most important agricultural crops in it are wheat, potatoes and autumn and barley, maize and vegetables and fodder. in it large number of orchards and containing 2.5 million palm trees. Agriculture depends on perfusion or through the rivers and the wells and the rains.

Al Anbar

The Euphrates River flows diagonally from the north to the southeast, passing through six of the eight districts:

  • Ar Rutba district forms the majority of the Governorate's area, occupying the large desert area in the southwest.


Cities and The Population

According to statistics of the Ministry of Commerce in 1999, there about 1.5 million inhabitants in seven major cities in Al Anbar province. According to statistics in 2008 the population had increased to 2,665,000. In the 1920s, Baghdad province had 250,000 people and Dulaim province (Anbar) had also 250,000 from a total population in Iraq of 2 million, today Baghdad province has 7 million people.

According to UN statistics in 2004 the population of Al Anbar is 1,328,776. According to the Iraqi government in 2008 The population in seven major cities in Al Anbar is 1,460,130.

Number of the population is unknown, and there are no precise statistics Include all of the cities and towns and villages and the people of Anbar.

According to the former regime in 2003 just the city of Fallujah (650,000) and Ramadi (700,000) exceed 1.3 million people. According to the former regime, Al-Anbar province inhabit by 3,549,000 people.

According to the election for the iraqi government, The largely Sunni province is one of the most violent Against the occupation in Iraq and turnout was very low. Of the total population of some 2 million only 3775 voted.

The most important cities

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Multi-National Force Iraq - Al-Anbar
  2. Knickmeyer, Ellen (2006-05-30). "U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-06-18. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. Ricks, Thomas E (2006-09-11). "Situation Called Dire in West Iraq". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  4. Marvellous Mesopotamia, The world's wonderland, by Toseph T.Parfit M.A, Page 15
  5. ^ Anbar, is inhabited (1,328,776) according to the census in 2004
  6. According to the former regime,
    Fallujah district 926,000
    Ramadi district 780,000
    Abu Ghraib district 750,000
    Hīt district 500,000
    Al-Qa'im district 270,000
    Haditha district 150,000
    Ar Rutba district 120,000
    Anah district 53,000.
  7. Travis L Patriquin - Iraq War Heroes
  8. A Second Bad Day - The World Newser
Cities of Al Anbar in Iraq
Al Anbar
Districts of Anbar Governorate
Governorates of Iraq
Flag of Iraq
Category: