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| The '''Yeongeunmun''' (literally "gate of welcoming imperial favors") was a historical gate located in ], in present ], ], in the northwestern part of ], ]. During the ], the Korean king himself welcomed embassies from the emperor of China there. It was removed a year after the ] in ]. | |||
| ⚫ | Located just outside the West Gate (敦義門) of the walled capital city of Seoul, the Yeongeunmun was was on the road from Seoul to ] as an adjacent to the ] (慕華館), literally "hall of longing for China." Its nearest post station was the Hongjewon (弘濟院). | ||
| The '''Yeongeunum''' (literally "welcoming gate for charity") was a historical gate located in present ], ], in the northwestern part of ], ]. It was built in front of Mohwagwan (]: 모화관, ]: {{linktext|慕|華|館}}) during the ] where envoys dispatched from ] and ] were received as diplomatic guests. In ], the gate was demolished along with Mohwagwan one year after the ] ended, which was a war between ] and ] primarily for the control over ]. The ] ] (known as ]) built the ] on the site with the desire towards inspiring the spirit of independence in Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=242779&v=46 |title=영은문 (迎恩門)|publisher=] / ] |accessdate=2008-07-28|language=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?i=239090 |title=모화관 (慕華館)|publisher=] / ] |accessdate=2008-07-28|language=]}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ]Embassies were occasionally sent to Korea by the emperor of China to announce imperial succession, investiture of a crown prince and others. When they reached the Hongjewon, they took off their traveling clothes and changed into formal attire. The next day, they received a reception from the king himself in front of the gate.<ref>To be precise, this routine was established during the ] ]. Before the Hongjewon was constructed, the nearest station was the ] in modern-day ]. Due to its great distance from the capital, the envoys' arrival at the capital was often delayed until night. Fore more information, see ''Tongmungwan-ji'' 通文館志, Vol. 5, Sadae 事大, Gyoyeongui 郊迎儀.</ref> The ] performed by the king changed several times. To take an example, ] performed a rite named "wu bai san koutou" (五拜三叩頭, to kneel 5 times on the ground and ] 3 times) with the crown prince and his followers, to show his allegiance to the Chinese emperor.<ref>Jungjong Sillok 中宗實錄: the dingwei (10th) day of the 4th month, Jungjong 34<!-- conversion to the Gregorian calendar? --></ref> After the reception, the envoys entered the capital. | ||
| ==History== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The Mohwagwan was first built in 1407 as "Mohwaru" (慕華楼)<ref>Taejong Sillok 太宗實錄: the guimao (22nd) day of the 8th month, Taejong 34</ref> and then renovated in 1430.<ref>Sejong Sillok 世宗實錄: the yiyou (15th) day of the 12nd month, Sejong 12</ref> Located adjacent to the Mohwagwan, a gate with ] pillars was built on the road. | ||
| ⚫ | ]Embassies were occasionally sent to |
||
| ⚫ | In 1537 the gate was rebuilt in accordance with Chinese customs. It was roofed with blue tiles and had "Yeongjomun" (迎詔門), literally gate of welcoming imperial decrees, written on the front tablet.<ref>Jungjong Sillok 中宗實錄: the renwu (2nd) day of the 1st month, Jungjong 32<!-- conversion to the Gregorian calendar? --></ref> In 1539 it was renamed to "Yeongeunmun" because the name of "Yeongjomun" was accused by the Chinese ambassador Xue Tingchong (薛廷寵). He claimed that since the imperial envoys carried imperial orders (勅), imperial decrees (詔) and imperial gifts, it was inappropriate to mention only imperial decree.<ref>Ŏ Sook-kwon 魚叔權: ''Folkloristic Notes'' (P'ae-kwan Chap-ki 稗官雜記), Im Dong-kwun et al ed. Korean Folklore Texts in Chinese Characters, pp. 98-99, Taipei, 1971.</ref> The tablet was written by Zhu Zhifan (朱之蕃), who came to Korea as an ambassador in 1606. | ||
| ⚫ | The Mohwagwan was first built in 1407 as "Mohwaru" (慕華楼)<ref>Taejong Sillok 太宗實錄: the guimao (22nd) day of the 8th month, Taejong 34</ref> and then renovated in 1430.<ref>Sejong Sillok 世宗實錄: the yiyou (15th) day of the 12nd month, Sejong 12</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | As a result of the ] (1895), China recognized the "full and complete independence and autonomy" of Korea. In the next year Yeongeunmun was demolished leaving its two stone pillars. In front of the remnant, the ] was built by ]. | ||
| ⚫ | In 1537 the gate was rebuilt in accordance with |
||
| ⚫ | As a result of the ] (1895), China recognized the "full and complete independence and autonomy" of |
||
| ==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | *] | ||
Revision as of 02:33, 3 October 2008
| Yeongeunmun | |
 | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 영은문 |
| Hanja | 迎恩門 |
| Revised Romanization | Yeongeunmun |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yŏngŭnmun |
The Yeongeunmun (literally "gate of welcoming imperial favors") was a historical gate located in Seoul, in present Hyeonjeo-dong, Seodaemun-gu, in the northwestern part of Seoul, South Korea. During the Joseon Dynasty, the Korean king himself welcomed embassies from the emperor of China there. It was removed a year after the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
Located just outside the West Gate (敦義門) of the walled capital city of Seoul, the Yeongeunmun was was on the road from Seoul to Beijing as an adjacent to the Mohwagwan (慕華館), literally "hall of longing for China." Its nearest post station was the Hongjewon (弘濟院).
Embassies were occasionally sent to Korea by the emperor of China to announce imperial succession, investiture of a crown prince and others. When they reached the Hongjewon, they took off their traveling clothes and changed into formal attire. The next day, they received a reception from the king himself in front of the gate. The rite performed by the king changed several times. To take an example, King Jungjong performed a rite named "wu bai san koutou" (五拜三叩頭, to kneel 5 times on the ground and kowtow 3 times) with the crown prince and his followers, to show his allegiance to the Chinese emperor. After the reception, the envoys entered the capital.
The Mohwagwan was first built in 1407 as "Mohwaru" (慕華楼) and then renovated in 1430. Located adjacent to the Mohwagwan, a gate with rosewood pillars was built on the road.
In 1537 the gate was rebuilt in accordance with Chinese customs. It was roofed with blue tiles and had "Yeongjomun" (迎詔門), literally gate of welcoming imperial decrees, written on the front tablet. In 1539 it was renamed to "Yeongeunmun" because the name of "Yeongjomun" was accused by the Chinese ambassador Xue Tingchong (薛廷寵). He claimed that since the imperial envoys carried imperial orders (勅), imperial decrees (詔) and imperial gifts, it was inappropriate to mention only imperial decree. The tablet was written by Zhu Zhifan (朱之蕃), who came to Korea as an ambassador in 1606.
As a result of the Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895), China recognized the "full and complete independence and autonomy" of Korea. In the next year Yeongeunmun was demolished leaving its two stone pillars. In front of the remnant, the Independence Gate was built by Philip Jaisohn.
Footnotes
- To be precise, this routine was established during the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Before the Hongjewon was constructed, the nearest station was the Byeokjegwan in modern-day Goyang. Due to its great distance from the capital, the envoys' arrival at the capital was often delayed until night. Fore more information, see Tongmungwan-ji 通文館志, Vol. 5, Sadae 事大, Gyoyeongui 郊迎儀.
- Jungjong Sillok 中宗實錄: the dingwei (10th) day of the 4th month, Jungjong 34
- Taejong Sillok 太宗實錄: the guimao (22nd) day of the 8th month, Taejong 34
- Sejong Sillok 世宗實錄: the yiyou (15th) day of the 12nd month, Sejong 12
- Jungjong Sillok 中宗實錄: the renwu (2nd) day of the 1st month, Jungjong 32
- Ŏ Sook-kwon 魚叔權: Folkloristic Notes (P'ae-kwan Chap-ki 稗官雜記), Im Dong-kwun et al ed. Korean Folklore Texts in Chinese Characters, pp. 98-99, Taipei, 1971.
References
- Keijō-fu 京城府: Keijō-fu shi 京城府史, Vol. 1, pp. 375-376, 1934.