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| '''Čelebići prison camp''' was a ] defence forces run ] <ref>Paragraphs 141-157, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> in the municipality of ] during the ]. |
'''Čelebići prison camp''' was a ] and ] defence forces run ] <ref>Paragraphs 141-157, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> in the municipality of ] during the ]. | ||
| Čelebići is a ] in the Konjic municipality of central Bosnia. Konjic was of strategic interest because it was the site of an arms and munitions factory, as well as being an important communications link between Mostar and Sarajevo. Before the war the municipality had a population of around 45,000 inhabitants of which 55% were ], 26% ] and 15% ]. | Čelebići is a ] in the Konjic municipality of central Bosnia. Konjic was of strategic interest because it was the site of an arms and munitions factory, as well as being an important communications link between Mostar and Sarajevo. Before the war the municipality had a population of around 45,000 inhabitants of which 55% were ], 26% ] and 15% ]. | ||
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| On 4 May 1992, the first shells landed in Konjic town, fired by the ] and other Serb forces from the slopes of Borasnica and Kisera. This shelling, which continued daily for over three years, until the signing of the ], inflicted substantial damage and resulted in the loss of many lives as well as rendering conditions for the surviving population even more unbearable. With the town swollen from the influx of refugees, there was a great shortage of accommodation as well as food and other basic necessities. Charitable organisations attempted to supply the local people with enough ] but all systems of production foundered or were destroyed. It was not until August or September of that year that ]s from the ] High Commissioner for Refugees (]) managed to reach the town, and all communications links were cut off with the rest of the State. A clear priority for the Konjic authorities was the de-blocking of the routes to Sarajevo and ]. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding ] and ], as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding Bradina and Donje Selo, as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. Initially, an attempt was made at negotiation with the ] and other representatives of the Serb people in Bradina and Donje Selo. This did not, however, achieve success for the Konjic authorities and plans were made for the launching of military operations by the Joint Command.<ref>Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> | On 4 May 1992, the first shells landed in Konjic town, fired by the ] and other Serb forces from the slopes of Borasnica and Kisera. This shelling, which continued daily for over three years, until the signing of the ], inflicted substantial damage and resulted in the loss of many lives as well as rendering conditions for the surviving population even more unbearable. With the town swollen from the influx of refugees, there was a great shortage of accommodation as well as food and other basic necessities. Charitable organisations attempted to supply the local people with enough ] but all systems of production foundered or were destroyed. It was not until August or September of that year that ]s from the ] High Commissioner for Refugees (]) managed to reach the town, and all communications links were cut off with the rest of the State. A clear priority for the Konjic authorities was the de-blocking of the routes to Sarajevo and ]. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding ] and ], as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding Bradina and Donje Selo, as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. Initially, an attempt was made at negotiation with the ] and other representatives of the Serb people in Bradina and Donje Selo. This did not, however, achieve success for the Konjic authorities and plans were made for the launching of military operations by the Joint Command.<ref>Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> | ||
| The first area to be targeted was the village of Donje Selo. On ] ] forces of the TO and HVO entered the village. Bosnian government soldiers moved through Viniste towards the villages of ] and ]. Cerići, which was the first shelled, was attacked around 22 May and some of its inhabitants surrendered. The village of Bjelovcina was also attacked around that time. According to witnesses heard by the ICTY, the Serb-populated village of Bradina was shelled in the late afternoon and evening of 25 May and then soldiers in both camouflage and black uniforms appeared, firing their weapons and setting fire to buildings. Many of the population sought to flee and some withdrew to the centre of the village. These people were, nonetheless, arrested at various times around 27 and 28 May, by TO, HVO and MUP soldiers and police.<ref>Paragraphs 138-139, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> | The first area to be targeted was the village of Donje Selo. On ] ] forces of the TO and HVO entered the village. Bosnian government soldiers moved through Viniste towards the villages of ] and ]. Cerići, which was the first shelled, was attacked around 22 May and some of its inhabitants surrendered. The village of Bjelovcina was also attacked around that time. According to witnesses heard by the ICTY, the Serb-populated village of Bradina was shelled in the late afternoon and evening of 25 May and then soldiers in both camouflage and black uniforms appeared, firing their weapons and setting fire to buildings, killing some civilians in their houses. Many of the population sought to flee and some withdrew to the centre of the village. These people were, nonetheless, arrested at various times around 27 and 28 May, by TO, HVO and MUP soldiers and police.<ref>Paragraphs 138-139, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> Altogether, Serbian soldiers and civilians, men, women and many elderly people were taken from these villages and sent to the Čelebići prison camp. | ||
| ==The camp== | |||
| With the arrest of many members of the Serb population, it became necessary to create a facility where they could be imprisoned and questioned about their role in war crimes during the siege of Konjic. The former JNA Celebici compound was chosen out of necessity as the appropriate facilities for the detention of prisoners in Konjic. The majority of the prisoners who were detained between April and December 1992 were men, captured during and after the military operations at Bradina and Donje Selo and their surrounding areas. There were also some women captured who were detained at a nearby facility. At the end of May, several groups were transferred to the Čelebići prison-camp from various locations. | |||
| ===Conditions and Treatment in the camp=== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| The prisoners, according to human rights investigators, were rarely fed bread and water. They rarely bathed and slept on the concrete floors without blankets. Many were forced to defecate on the floor.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05EED71739F930A35756C0A960958260</ref> In its judgement in the ''Mucić et al case'', the ICTY found that many prisoners were tortured or beaten to death in various ways. Serbian survivors said Muslim soldiers entered the base at night and beat prisoners with clubs, rifle butts, wooden planks, shovels and pieces of cable. | |||
| ⚫ | The decision in the case to convict ], was the first one convicting a ] war criminal specifically for crimes of sexual violence, in addition to other war crimes.<ref>http://www.peacewomen.org/un/icj/sexcrimes.html</ref> The prison camp was closed in December 1992 and remaining prisoners released or exchanged.<ref>Paragraphs 141-157, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, ] ] </ref> Some were transfered to other prison camps. | ||
| ==Convictions== | |||
| * Hazim Delić, the deputy commander: Found guilty of murder and rape and given 20 years. Sentence reduced to 18 years. | |||
| * Esad Landzo: Found guilty of murder and given 15 years. | |||
| * Zdravko Mucic: Convicted or failing to stop the atrocities and given 7 years. | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
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| * "A Bridge to Čelebići" ] (]) (In ]). | * "A Bridge to Čelebići" ] (]) (In ]). | ||
| {{Yugoslav wars}} | |||
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| ] | ] | ||
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Revision as of 21:13, 12 November 2008
Čelebići prison camp was a Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat defence forces run prison camp in the municipality of Konjic during the Bosnian War.
Čelebići is a village in the Konjic municipality of central Bosnia. Konjic was of strategic interest because it was the site of an arms and munitions factory, as well as being an important communications link between Mostar and Sarajevo. Before the war the municipality had a population of around 45,000 inhabitants of which 55% were Bosniaks, 26% Croats and 15% Serbs.
Background
During conflict in Yugoslavia, Konjic municipality was of strategic importance as it contained important communication links from Sarajevo to southern Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the siege of Sarajevo the route through Konjic was of vital imortance to the Bosnian government forces. Furthermore, several important military facilities were contained in Konjic, including the Igman arms and ammunition factory, the JNA Ljuta barracks, the Reserve Command Site of the JNA, the Zlatar communications and telecommunications centre, and the Celebici barracks and warehouses.
Although the Konjic municipality did not have a majority Serb population and did not form part of the declared "Serb autonomous regions", in March 1992, the self-styled "Serb Konjic Municipality" adopted a decision on the Serbian territories. The SDS, in co-operation with the JNA, had also been active in arming the Serb population of the municipality and in training paramilitary units and militias. According to Dr. Andrew James Gow, an expert witness for the Prosecution, the SDS distributed around 400 weapons to Serbs in the area.
Konjic was also included in those areas claimed by the HDZ in Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the "Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna", despite the fact that the Croats did not constitute a majority of the population there either. Thus, there were HVO units established and armed in the municipality by April 1992.
Following the international recognition of the independent Bosnian state and the walk-out of SDS representatives from the Municipal Assembly a War Assembly was formed to take charge of the defence of the municipality. Between 20 April and early May 1992 Bosnian government forces seized control over most of the strategic assets of the Municipality and some armaments. However, Serb forces controlled the main access points to the municipality, effectively cutting it off from outside supply. Bosniak refugees began to arrive from outlying areas of the municipality expelled by Serbs, while Serb inhabitants of the town left for Serb-controlled villages according to the decision made by Serb leadership.
On 4 May 1992, the first shells landed in Konjic town, fired by the JNA and other Serb forces from the slopes of Borasnica and Kisera. This shelling, which continued daily for over three years, until the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, inflicted substantial damage and resulted in the loss of many lives as well as rendering conditions for the surviving population even more unbearable. With the town swollen from the influx of refugees, there was a great shortage of accommodation as well as food and other basic necessities. Charitable organisations attempted to supply the local people with enough food but all systems of production foundered or were destroyed. It was not until August or September of that year that convoys from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) managed to reach the town, and all communications links were cut off with the rest of the State. A clear priority for the Konjic authorities was the de-blocking of the routes to Sarajevo and Mostar. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding Bradina and Donje Selo, as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. This objective required that the Serbian forces holding Bradina and Donje Selo, as well as those at Borci and other strategic points, be disarmed. Initially, an attempt was made at negotiation with the SDS and other representatives of the Serb people in Bradina and Donje Selo. This did not, however, achieve success for the Konjic authorities and plans were made for the launching of military operations by the Joint Command.
The first area to be targeted was the village of Donje Selo. On 20 May 1992 forces of the TO and HVO entered the village. Bosnian government soldiers moved through Viniste towards the villages of Cerići and Bjelovcina. Cerići, which was the first shelled, was attacked around 22 May and some of its inhabitants surrendered. The village of Bjelovcina was also attacked around that time. According to witnesses heard by the ICTY, the Serb-populated village of Bradina was shelled in the late afternoon and evening of 25 May and then soldiers in both camouflage and black uniforms appeared, firing their weapons and setting fire to buildings, killing some civilians in their houses. Many of the population sought to flee and some withdrew to the centre of the village. These people were, nonetheless, arrested at various times around 27 and 28 May, by TO, HVO and MUP soldiers and police. Altogether, Serbian soldiers and civilians, men, women and many elderly people were taken from these villages and sent to the Čelebići prison camp.
The camp
With the arrest of many members of the Serb population, it became necessary to create a facility where they could be imprisoned and questioned about their role in war crimes during the siege of Konjic. The former JNA Celebici compound was chosen out of necessity as the appropriate facilities for the detention of prisoners in Konjic. The majority of the prisoners who were detained between April and December 1992 were men, captured during and after the military operations at Bradina and Donje Selo and their surrounding areas. There were also some women captured who were detained at a nearby facility. At the end of May, several groups were transferred to the Čelebići prison-camp from various locations.
Conditions and Treatment in the camp
The prisoners, according to human rights investigators, were rarely fed bread and water. They rarely bathed and slept on the concrete floors without blankets. Many were forced to defecate on the floor. In its judgement in the Mucić et al case, the ICTY found that many prisoners were tortured or beaten to death in various ways. Serbian survivors said Muslim soldiers entered the base at night and beat prisoners with clubs, rifle butts, wooden planks, shovels and pieces of cable.
The decision in the case to convict Hazim Delić, was the first one convicting a Bosnian Muslim war criminal specifically for crimes of sexual violence, in addition to other war crimes. The prison camp was closed in December 1992 and remaining prisoners released or exchanged. Some were transfered to other prison camps.
Convictions
- Hazim Delić, the deputy commander: Found guilty of murder and rape and given 20 years. Sentence reduced to 18 years.
- Esad Landzo: Found guilty of murder and given 15 years.
- Zdravko Mucic: Convicted or failing to stop the atrocities and given 7 years.
See also
References
- Paragraphs 141-157, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, 16 November 1998
- Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, 16 November 1998
- Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, 16 November 1998
- Paragraphs 138-139, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, 16 November 1998
- http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05EED71739F930A35756C0A960958260
- http://www.peacewomen.org/un/icj/sexcrimes.html
- Paragraphs 141-157, Judgement ICTY vs Delic et. al, 16 November 1998
External links
- Three Guilty in Bosnia trial, BBC, November 16, 1998
- "A Bridge to Čelebići" Fiction (Short story) (In Portuguese).
Bosniak side
Croat side
Serb side
Western Bosnian side