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'''Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani''' also known as '''Al-Taftazani''' and '''Taftazani''' (1322<ref>Taşköprüzade A. (1896). ''Mevzuatü'l-Ulum''. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870) </ref> - 1390<ref>Bağdatlı İ. (1955).''Hadiyyat Al-Arifin, Asma'al-mu'allifin ve Asar Al-Musannifin''. İstanbul:Milli Eğitim</ref>) was a ]<ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4010). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref><ref>DeWeese, D. (2004). Central Asian Culture and Islam. In Martin, R. C. et al. (Eds.), ''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'' (pp. 138-141). Vol. 1 (A-L). New York: Macmillan Reference USA</ref> ]<ref>Knysh, A. D. (1999). ''Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam''. New York. State University of New York Press. p. 144.</ref>. He has made remarkable contributions to the theories of multiple fields and contributed to ] scientific literature by translating many papers from ] to ]<ref>Storey, C. A. (1993). ''Taftazani''. In İslam Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 22, pp. 118-121). İstanbul:MEB.</ref>. He also translated some ] prose to Turkish, too <ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4015). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref>. '''Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani''' also known as '''Al-Taftazani''' and '''Taftazani''' (1322<ref>Taşköprüzade A. (1896). ''Mevzuatü'l-Ulum''. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870) </ref> - 1390<ref>Bağdatlı İ. (1955).''Hadiyyat Al-Arifin, Asma'al-mu'allifin ve Asar Al-Musannifin''. İstanbul:Milli Eğitim</ref>) was a ]<ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4010). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref><ref>DeWeese, D. (2004). Central Asian Culture and Islam. In Martin, R. C. et al. (Eds.), ''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'' (pp. 138-141). Vol. 1 (A-L). New York: Macmillan Reference USA</ref> ].<ref>Knysh, A. D. (1999). ''Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam''. New York. State University of New York Press. p. 144.</ref> He has made remarkable contributions to the theories of multiple fields and contributed to ] scientific literature by translating many papers from ] to ].<ref>Storey, C. A. (1993). ''Taftazani''. In İslam Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 22, pp. 118-121). İstanbul:MEB.</ref> He also translated some ] prose to Turkish, too.<ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4015). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref>


==Early Life and Education== ==Early Life and Education==


He was born in 1322 in ], then in the ], and now in ]<ref>Taşköprüzade A. (1896). ''Mevzuatü'l-Ulum''. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870) </ref>. He completed his education in various educational institutions in the cities of Herat, Gucdüvan, He was born in 1322 in ], then in the ], and now in ].<ref>Taşköprüzade A. (1896). ''Mevzuatü'l-Ulum''. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870) </ref> He completed his education in various educational institutions in the cities of Herat, Gucdüvan,
Feryumed, Gülistan, Harizm, Semerkand and Serahs. He mainly resided in ]. While he was still a student ] noticed him as a promising scientist and supported his scholarship. He is famous of being reported as "science ended with him in the east" and "noone could ever replace him" by ] due to ] and, thus, ending of ]<ref>Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. ''al-Durar al-Kamina''.</ref>. He died in ] in 1390 and was buried in ]. He sincerely practiced Islam. He practiced and preached in ] and ] schools of Islam. He was in ] school concerning ] (]) issues and he was in ] school concerning ] (]) issues<ref>Salamé, C. (1974). ''Introduction''. In Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah, Sharh al-Aqaid en-Nasafiyyah fi Usül al-Din wa Ilm al-Kalam. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah wa al-Irshad Feryumed, Gülistan, Harizm, Semerkand and Serahs. He mainly resided in ]. While he was still a student ] noticed him as a promising scientist and supported his scholarship. He is famous of being reported as "science ended with him in the east" and "noone could ever replace him" by ] due to ] and, thus, ending of ].<ref>Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. ''al-Durar al-Kamina''.</ref> He died in ] in 1390 and was buried in ]. He sincerely practiced Islam. He practiced and preached in ] and ] schools of Islam. He was in ] school concerning ] (]) issues and he was in ] school concerning ] (]) issues.<ref>Salamé, C. (1974). ''Introduction''. In Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah, Sharh al-Aqaid en-Nasafiyyah fi Usül al-Din wa Ilm al-Kalam. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah wa al-Irshad
al-Qawmi.</ref>. al-Qawmi.</ref>


==Career== ==Career==


During his lifetime, he specialized in logic, linguistics, interpretation, theology, philosophy and Islamic jurisprudence. His works were used as textbooks for centuries in Ottoman madrasahs<ref>Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). ''Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri''. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149-164.</ref>. He completed "Sherh uz Zencanî" which was his first and one of his most famous works at the age of 16<ref>Ibn ul Imad, Imad. (1989). ''Sezerat uz-Zeheb''. Beyrut.</ref>. He also translated ] and other ] and ] works to ]<ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4016). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref> During his lifetime, he specialized in logic, linguistics, interpretation, theology, philosophy and Islamic jurisprudence. His works were used as textbooks for centuries in Ottoman madrasahs.<ref>Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). ''Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri''. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149-164.</ref> He completed "Sherh uz Zencanî" which was his first and one of his most famous works at the age of 16.<ref>Ibn ul Imad, Imad. (1989). ''Sezerat uz-Zeheb''. Beyrut.</ref> He also translated ] and other ] and ] works to ]<ref>Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). ''Teftazani''. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4016). İstanbul:Ötüken.</ref>


==Contributions== ==Contributions==


Al-Taftazani made enormous contributions to ], ], ] including ], ], and ]<ref>Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). ''Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri''. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149.</ref>. His treatises even the ones as commentaries are "standard books" for students of Islamic theology and his papers are "compendium of the various views regarding the great doctrines of Islam"<ref>Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah (1950). ''A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sad al-Din al-Taftazani on the Creed of Najm al-Din al-Nasafi'' (Earl Edgar Elder Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. XX.</ref>. Al-Taftazani made enormous contributions to ], ], ] including ], ], and ].<ref>Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). ''Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri''. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149.</ref> His treatises even the ones as commentaries are "standard books" for students of Islamic theology and his papers are "compendium of the various views regarding the great doctrines of Islam".<ref>Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah (1950). ''A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sad al-Din al-Taftazani on the Creed of Najm al-Din al-Nasafi'' (Earl Edgar Elder Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. XX.</ref>


==Legacy== ==Legacy==


] who is considered to be the "father" of these ]<ref>Smith, J. R.; Smith, J.; Smith, L. B. (1980). ''Essentials of World History''. Barron's Educational Series, p. 20,</ref> for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West told about him as<ref>Ibn Khaldun (1969). ''The Muqaddimah, an Introduction to History'' (Rosenthal, F. Trans., Dawood, N. J. Ed.). Bollingen series, 160. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 92.</ref>: ] who is considered to be the "father" of these ]<ref>Smith, J. R.; Smith, J.; Smith, L. B. (1980). ''Essentials of World History''. Barron's Educational Series, p. 20,</ref> for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West told about him as:<ref>Ibn Khaldun (1969). ''The Muqaddimah, an Introduction to History'' (Rosenthal, F. Trans., Dawood, N. J. Ed.). Bollingen series, 160. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 92.</ref>


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Revision as of 21:41, 20 December 2008

Al-Taftazani
Born1322
Taftazan, Chagatai Khanate
Died1390
Semerkand
NationalityTurkish
CitizenshipChaghatay
Scientific career
FieldsLinguistics, Theology, Islamic jurisprudence, Rhetoric, Logic

Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani also known as Al-Taftazani and Taftazani (1322 - 1390) was a Turkish polymath. He has made remarkable contributions to the theories of multiple fields and contributed to Turkish scientific literature by translating many papers from Arabic to Turkish. He also translated some Persian prose to Turkish, too.

Early Life and Education

He was born in 1322 in Taftazan, then in the Chagatai Khanate, and now in Turkmenistan. He completed his education in various educational institutions in the cities of Herat, Gucdüvan, Feryumed, Gülistan, Harizm, Semerkand and Serahs. He mainly resided in Serahs. While he was still a student Timur Khan noticed him as a promising scientist and supported his scholarship. He is famous of being reported as "science ended with him in the east" and "noone could ever replace him" by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani due to Mongol invasion of Central Asia and, thus, ending of Islamic Golden Age. He died in Semerkand in 1390 and was buried in Serahs. He sincerely practiced Islam. He practiced and preached in Hanefi and Maturidi schools of Islam. He was in Hanefi school concerning Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) issues and he was in Maturidi school concerning Aqidah (Islamic creed) issues.

Career

During his lifetime, he specialized in logic, linguistics, interpretation, theology, philosophy and Islamic jurisprudence. His works were used as textbooks for centuries in Ottoman madrasahs. He completed "Sherh uz Zencanî" which was his first and one of his most famous works at the age of 16. He also translated Bostan and other prose and poetry works to Turkish

Contributions

Al-Taftazani made enormous contributions to theology, Islamic jurisprudence, linguistics including rhetoric, logic, and literature. His treatises even the ones as commentaries are "standard books" for students of Islamic theology and his papers are "compendium of the various views regarding the great doctrines of Islam".

Legacy

Ibn Khaldun who is considered to be the "father" of these social sciences for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West told about him as:

I found in Egypt numerous works on the intellectual sciences composed by the well-known person Sa'd al-Dln al-Taftazam, a native of Harat, one of the villages of Khurasan. Some of them are on falam and the foundations of fiqh and rhetoric, which show that he had a profound knowledge of these sciences. Their contents demonstrate that he was well versed in the philosophical sciences and far advanced in the rest of the sciences which deal with Reason.


Writings by Al-Taftazani

Linguistics

  • Sherh uz Zencanî (aka. Serh ul Izzi fi't-Tasrîf, aka. Sa'diyye). (738). His first work.
  • Al-Irsad (aka. Irsad ul Hadi). (778).
  • En-Ni Amu's Sevabigh Fi Sherh in Nevabigh.

Rhetoric

  • Al-Mutavvel (aka. Sher ul Mutavvel). (747).
  • Al-Muhtasar (aka. Muhtasar ul Ma'ani). (756).
  • Sherh'u Miftah il Ulum (aka. Mirtah il Ulum). (787).

Logic

  • Sherh ur Risalet ish Shemsiyye (aka. Sherh us Shemsiyye). (752).
  • Makasıd ut Talibin fi Ilmi Usul id-Din (aka. Al-Makasid). (784).
  • Tezhib ul Mantik ve al Kalam.(739).
  • Sherh ul Akaid in Nesefiyye. (767).

Legal Sciences

  • Et-Telvih fi Keshfi Hakaik it Tenkih (aka. Et-Telvih). (758).
  • Hashiye tu Muhtasar il Munteha. (770).
  • Miftah ul Fikh (aka. Al-Miftah). (782).
  • Ihtisaru Sherhi Telhis il Cami il Kebir. (785).
  • Al-Feteva al Hanefiye. (759). A detailed compilation of gis juristical decisions during his juristicaal career.
  • Sherh ul Feraid is Siraciyye.

Theology

  • Hashiyye Alel Keshshaf. (789). This is an unfinished work of his.
  • Keshf ul Esrar ve Uddet ul Ebraar. That is uncertain of being one of his works.
  • Al Arbain.
  • Sherh ul Hadis ul Erbain en Neveviyye.

References

  1. Taşköprüzade A. (1896). Mevzuatü'l-Ulum. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870)
  2. Bağdatlı İ. (1955).Hadiyyat Al-Arifin, Asma'al-mu'allifin ve Asar Al-Musannifin. İstanbul:Milli Eğitim
  3. Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). Teftazani. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4010). İstanbul:Ötüken.
  4. DeWeese, D. (2004). Central Asian Culture and Islam. In Martin, R. C. et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (pp. 138-141). Vol. 1 (A-L). New York: Macmillan Reference USA
  5. Knysh, A. D. (1999). Ibn ʻArabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam. New York. State University of New York Press. p. 144.
  6. Storey, C. A. (1993). Taftazani. In İslam Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 22, pp. 118-121). İstanbul:MEB.
  7. Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). Teftazani. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4015). İstanbul:Ötüken.
  8. Taşköprüzade A. (1896). Mevzuatü'l-Ulum. (Kemaleddin, Taşköprüzade Mehmed, Trans.). İstanbul:İkdam. (Original work published 1870)
  9. Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar. al-Durar al-Kamina.
  10. Salamé, C. (1974). Introduction. In Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah, Sharh al-Aqaid en-Nasafiyyah fi Usül al-Din wa Ilm al-Kalam. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah wa al-Irshad al-Qawmi.
  11. Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149-164.
  12. Ibn ul Imad, Imad. (1989). Sezerat uz-Zeheb. Beyrut.
  13. Bilmen, Ö. N. (1985). Teftazani. In Yeni Türk Ansiklopedisi. (Vol. 10, p. 4016). İstanbul:Ötüken.
  14. Kumbasar, H. M. (2006). Taftazani (H.722-792/M.1322-1390)’nin Eserleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. vol(25), pp. 149.
  15. Al-Taftazani, Sad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah (1950). A Commentary on the Creed of Islam: Sad al-Din al-Taftazani on the Creed of Najm al-Din al-Nasafi (Earl Edgar Elder Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. XX.
  16. Smith, J. R.; Smith, J.; Smith, L. B. (1980). Essentials of World History. Barron's Educational Series, p. 20,
  17. Ibn Khaldun (1969). The Muqaddimah, an Introduction to History (Rosenthal, F. Trans., Dawood, N. J. Ed.). Bollingen series, 160. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 92.

External Links

Some of his works at Library of Grand National Assembly of Turkey

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