Tang dynasty in Inner Asia: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:07, 15 March 2009

It has been suggested that this article be merged into Tang Dynasty and Talk:Tang Dynasty#Merger proposal. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2009.

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Inner Asia during the Tang Dynasty was characterized by serial wars of expansion against the Gokturk Empires and Xueyantuo. In the 7th to 8th centuries, the Tang Dynasty expanded across large areas of the steppes of Central Asia; and for more than a century, the Tang retained control of large parts of Central Asia. This Chinese hegemony was not unopposed at its periphery. Emperor Taizong's military success was, in part, a consequence of changes he initiated in the Chinese army, including improved weaponry. The emperor placed a new emphasis on cavalry, which was very important because his non-Chinese opponents used the horse effectively in warfare.

Tang Conquest of the Eastern Gokturks

The Eastern Gokturks were the primary threat to the Tang dynasty.

From 604 to 626, the Eastern Gokturks made over eighty incursions into China.

Following Liang Shidu's defeat and death, the Tang dynasty prepared to march against the Eastern Gokturks.

In 630, the Tang army marched against the Gokturks and defeated them in Southern Mongolia, sending them to flight.

However, the real victory came when Li Jin, regarded as one of China's best generals, surprised the Eastern Gokturk Khan with a fast force of 3,000 Cavalry at the battle of Ying shan, which also involved a rear guard of over 100,000 Tang troops.

This battle destroyed the Gokturk army and capturing the Khan and over 120,000 Gokturks.

Thus ended the Eastern Gokturk Empire.

Tang conquest of Xueyantuo

Xueyantuo had helped Tang armies defeat the Eastern Gokturks, but after the demise of the Eastern Gokturks, Xueyantuo-Tang relations turned hostile because Xueyantuo kept on making attacks on Gokturks who were now Tang subjects.

In 642, Taizong sent an army to attack Xueyantuo and destroyed it.

Tang Conquest of the Western Gokturks

The Western Gokturks were not an initial threat to the Tang, so initially relations were peaceful.

However, Civil war and dispute in the Western Gokturks gave the Tang the oppurtunity to expand into Central Asia.

From 642 to 645, the Tang army defeated the Western Gokturks and drove them out of Dzungaria.

In 657, the Tang defeated the last Western Gokturk Khan and took over all Western Gokturk terroritory.

By this time, the Tang Empire extended from the caspian to the pacific.

Notes

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. (1965). The Chinese: Their History and Culture, p. 144.
Li Bo, Zheng Yin, "5000 years of Chinese history", Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp , ISBN 7-204-04420-7, 2001.
Li Bo, Zheng Yin, "5000 years of Chinese history", Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp , ISBN 7-204-04420-7, 2001.
Li Bo, Zheng Yin, "5000 years of Chinese history", Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp , ISBN 7-204-04420-7, 2001.

References

Fairbank, John King, Herbert Franke and Denis Twitchett. (1994). The Cambridge History of China: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368 (Vol. 6). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 186526593
Latourette, Kenneth Scott. (1934). The Chinese: Their History and Culture. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 220885107
Li Bo, Zheng Yin, "5000 years of Chinese history", Inner Mongolian People's publishing corp , ISBN 7-204-04420-7, 2001.

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