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| Movses identified himself as a young disciple of Saint Mesrop, and stated that he composed his work at the behest of Prince Sahak ]. The book has had an enormous impact on Armenian historiography and was used and quoted extensively by later medieval Armenian authors. | Movses identified himself as a young disciple of Saint Mesrop, and stated that he composed his work at the behest of Prince Sahak ]. The book has had an enormous impact on Armenian historiography and was used and quoted extensively by later medieval Armenian authors. | ||
| == |
==Biography== | ||
| ===Early life and education=== | |||
| 19th century scholarship first cast doubt on the fifth century date due to historical inconsistencies. Since the author self-identifies as a disciple of ] (d. 440), he came to be known as "Pseudo-Movses". | |||
| ⚫ | Movses' biographical details are given at the very end of the ''History of Armenia'' but additional information provided by later medieval Armenian historians have allowed modern scholars to piece together additional information on him. Movses was believed to have been born in the village of Khorni (also spelled as Khoron and Khoronk) in the Armenian province of ] sometime in 410.<ref>For this reason, some have also referred to him as Movses of Taron.</ref> However, some scholars contend that if he was born here, he would have then been known as Movses of '''Khorneh''' or '''Khoron'''.<ref>{{hy icon}} ]. "Introduction" in Movses Khorenatsi's ''History of Armenia, 5th Century'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Gagik Kh. Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, p. 7. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.</ref> They instead move the location of his birth from Taron to the Armenian province of ], in the village of Khorena in the region of Harband.<ref>Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in ''History of Armenia'', p. 7.</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | He received his education in Syunik and was later sent to be taught under the auspices of ], the creator of the ], and ] ]. In having considerable difficulty translating the ] from Greek to Armenian, Mesrop and Sahak felt the need to send Movses and several of their other students to ], ], at that time the center of education and learning, so that they themselves learn the ] and ], as well as to learn ], ], ] and ].<ref name="SAE">{{{hy icon}} Sargsyan, Gagik Kh. ''«Մովսես Խորենացի»'' (Movses Khorenatsi). ]. vol. viii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: ], 1982, pp. 40-41.</ref> | ||
| The work is dated to between the 7th and 9th centuries in current scholarship. The traditional date has been established as untenable since at least 1961, when C. Toumanoff summarized the arguments already presented by A. Carriere in the 1890s.<ref>]. Reviewed work(s): "Moses Khorenats'i": History of the Armenians by Robert W. Thomson. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 42, No. 3 (1979), pp. 574-575</ref><ref>]. "On the Date of Pseudo-Moses of Chorene." ''Handes Amsorya''. № 9 (75), 1961.</ref> | |||
| ===Return to Armenia=== | |||
| When Harvard historian R. W. Thomson published a translation of Movses' work in 1978,<ref> ''History of the Armenians'', Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.</ref> his account of the evidence of the later date than the traditionally assumed 5th century drew a lot of criticism from Soviet Armenian scholars.<ref>{{hy icon}} Hovhannisyan, Petros. "Review of ''History of the Armenians''." ''Banber Yerevan Hamalsarani''. № 3 (45), 1982, pp. 237-239.</ref><ref>{{hy icon}} ]. "Review of ''History of the Armenians''. '']''. № 1 (88), 1980, pp. 268-270.</ref><ref>]. "Review of ''History of the Armenians''." ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History''. Vol. 30: № 4, October 1979, pp. 479-480.</ref><ref>Sarkissian, Gaguik . ''The "History of Armenia" by Movses Khorenatzi''. Trans. by Gourgen A. Gevorkian. Yerevan: Yerevan University Press, 1991, pp. 58-59, 76ff.</ref><ref>Hacikyan et al. ''Heritage of Armenian Literature'', p. 306.</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The students left Armenia sometime between 432 to 435. After studying in Alexandria for five to six years, Movses and his fellow classmates returned to Armenia, only to find that Mesrop and Sahak had died. Movses expressed his grief in a ] at the end of ''History of Armenia'': | ||
| It is a peculiarity of ] ] that it conflated ] including fierce critiques of any foreign historians who "attempted to question sacred assumptions in the canonical version of Armenian history."<ref>"Soviet Armenian scholars bitterly attacked Thomson's dating of Khorenatsi and his characterization of the author. In a sense, a foreigner had tampered with the soul of the nation. ... A young historian in post-Soviet Armenia, Armen Aivazian, begins his critical review of American historiography on his country by declaring, 'Armenian history is the inviolable strategic reserve of Armenia.' His views, hailed by his countrymen, provide a window into the particular form of historical reconstruction of Armenian identity and historical imagination that dominates post-Soviet Armenian historiography. His tone is militant and polemical, for his self-appointed task is to defend Armenia from its historiographical enemies." </ref> | |||
| ⚫ | {{quotation|While they awaited our return to celebrate their student’s accomplishments , we hastened from ], expecting that we would be dancing and singing at a wedding...and instead, I found myself grieving at the foot of our teachers' graves...I did not even arrive in time to see their eyes close nor hear them speak their final words.<ref>{{hy icon}} Movses Khorenatsi. '']'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Annotated translation and commentary by ]. Gagik Kh. Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 3.68, p. 276. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.</ref>}} | ||
| The traditional 5th century dating of Moses of Chorene was called into question for a number of reasons. Thus, though it has traditionally been assumed that Moses of Chorene wrote in the fifth century, yet the earliest reference to his work is made by ] in his History of Armenia, a work written in the third decade of the tenth century.<ref>A. O. Sarkissian. On the Authenticity of Moses of Khoren's History. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Mar., 1940), pp. 73-81</ref> In addition, Moses of Chorene uses sources not available in Armenian at that time, and refers to persons and places attested only in the sixth or seventh centuries.<ref>Richard G. Hovannisian. The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. St. Martin's Press, 1997 ISBN 0312101686, 9780312101688. Chapter 9. Robert Thomson. Armenian Literary Culture through the 11th Century.</ref> | |||
| Also, according to Robert Thomson, Moses of Chorene "alters many of his Armenian sources in a tendentious manner in order to extol his patrons, the ] family, who gained preeminence in the eighth century".<ref>Richard G. Hovannisian. The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. St. Martin's Press, 1997 ISBN 0312101686, 9780312101688. Chapter 9. Robert Thomson. Armenian Literary Culture through the 11th Century.</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | To further complicate their problems, the atmosphere in ] that Movses and the other students had returned to was one that was extremely hostile and they were viewed at with contempt by the native population. While later Armenian historians blamed this on an ignorant populace, Persian ideology and policy also lay at fault since its rulers "could not tolerate highly educated young scholars fresh from Greek centers of learning."<ref>Hacikyan et al. '' '' p. 307.</ref> Given this atmosphere and persecution by the Persians, Movses went into hiding in a village near ] and lived in relative seclusion for several decades. | ||
| ==Authorship== | |||
| ] Armenian manuscript.]] | ] Armenian manuscript.]] | ||
| ⚫ | The ] Gyut (461-471) one day met Movses while traveling through the area and, unaware of his true identity, invited him to supper with several of his students. Movses was initially silent, but after Gyut's students encouraged him to speak, Movses made a marvelous speech at the dinner table. One of the Catholicos' students was able to identify Movses as a person Gyut had been searching for; it was soon understood that Gyut was one of Movses' former classmates and friends.<ref>Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in ''History of Armenia'', p. 15.</ref> Gyut embraced Movses and, being either a ] Christian or at least tolerant of them (since Movses was also Chalcedonian), brought his friend back from seclusion and appointed him to be a bishop in Bagrevan. | ||
| The author of the ''History'' gives a number of auto-biographical details, posing as a disciple of ].<ref>"Since Moses was in fact a writer of the eighth century or thereabouts, he could easily have continued his narrative for another three hundred years, but this would have exposed his own literary deception, making nonsense of his claim to be a disciple of St Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet." | |||
| ]. Reviewed work(s): "Moses Khorenats'i": History of the Armenians by Robert W. Thomson. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 42, No. 3 (1979), pp. 574-575.</ref> | |||
| ===''History of Armenia''=== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Serving as a bishop, Movses was approached by Prince Sahak ] (d. 482), who, having heard of Movses' reputation, asked him to write a history of the Armenians, especially the biographies of Armenian kings and the origins of the Armenian '']'' families.<ref>Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in ''History of Armenia'', p. 16.</ref> Movses agreed to do so and he finished his book sometime in the time period of 483-485. One of his primary reasons for taking up Sahak Bagratuni's request is given in the first part of ''Patmutyun Hayots'', or ''History of Armenia'': "For even though we are small and very limited in numbers and have been conquered many times by foreign kingdoms, yet too, many acts of bravery have been performed in our land, worthy of being written and remembered, but of which no one has bothered to write down."<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 1.4., pp. 70-71.</ref> Movses' history also gives a rich description of the oral traditions that were popular among the Armenians of the time, such as the romance story of '']'' and the birth of the god ]. Movses lived for several more years, and he died sometime in the late 490s. | ||
| ==Literary influence== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| The first reference to Movses by an Armenian historian was in ]’s ''History of Armenia'', where the author details the persecution of several notable Armenian individuals, including the “blessed Movses the philosopher,” identified by some scholars as Movses Khorenatsi.<ref>{{hy icon}} Pogharian, Norayr. ''Յայ Գրողներ, Ե-Ժ դար'' (''Armenian Writers, 5th-10th centuries'') Jerusalem: St. James Printing Press, 1971.</ref><ref>{{hy icon}} Hasratyan, Murad. “Որ՞ն է Մովսես Խորենացու ծննդավայրը.” (“Where was Movses Khorenatsi’s Birthplace?”) ''Lraber Hasarakakan Gituyunneri''. № 12, 1969, pp. 81-90.</ref><ref name="HP">{{hy icon}} Hovhannisyan, Petros. "Review of ''History of the Armenians''." ''Banber Yerevan Hamalsarani''. № 3 (45), 1982, pp. 237-239.</ref> The information by Movses and traces of his writing style was later identified in the works by ],<ref name="HP"/> ], ] and later medieval Armenian authors. | |||
| ⚫ | The students left Armenia sometime between 432 to 435. After studying in Alexandria for five to six years, Movses and his fellow classmates returned to Armenia, only to find that Mesrop and Sahak had died. Movses expressed his grief in a ] at the end of ''History of Armenia'': | ||
| ⚫ | {{quotation|While they awaited our return to celebrate their student’s accomplishments , we hastened from ], expecting that we would be dancing and singing at a wedding...and instead, I found myself grieving at the foot of our teachers' graves...I did not even arrive in time to see their eyes close nor hear them speak their final words.<ref>{{hy icon}} Movses Khorenatsi. '']'' (''Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար''). Annotated translation and commentary by ]. Gagik Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 3.68, p. 276. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.</ref>}} | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The ] Gyut (461-471) one day met Movses while traveling through the area and, unaware of his true identity, invited him to supper with several of his students. Movses was initially silent, but after Gyut's students encouraged him to speak, Movses made a marvelous speech at the dinner table. One of the Catholicos' students was able to identify Movses as a person Gyut had been searching for; it was soon understood that Gyut was one of Movses' former classmates and friends.<ref>Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in ''History of Armenia'', p. 15.</ref> Gyut embraced Movses and, being either a ] Christian or at least tolerant of them (since Movses was also Chalcedonian), brought his friend back from seclusion and appointed him to be a bishop in Bagrevan. | ||
| ⚫ | Serving as a bishop, Movses was approached by Sahak ], who, having heard of Movses' reputation, asked him to write a history of the Armenians, especially the biographies of Armenian kings and the origins of the Armenian '']'' families.<ref>Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in ''History of Armenia'', p. 16.</ref> Movses agreed to do so and he finished his book sometime in the time period of 483-485. One of his primary reasons for taking up Sahak Bagratuni's request is given in the first part of ''Patmutyun Hayots'', or ''History of Armenia'': "For even though we are small and very limited in numbers and have been conquered many times by foreign kingdoms, yet too, many acts of bravery have been performed in our land, worthy of being written and remembered, but of which no one has bothered to write down."<ref>Movses Khorenatsi. ''History of Armenia'', 1.4., pp. 70-71.</ref> Movses' history also gives a rich description of the oral traditions that were popular among the Armenians of the time, such as the romance story of '']'' and the birth of the god ]. | ||
| ==Contents== | ==Contents== | ||
Revision as of 19:43, 17 April 2009
| Moses of Chorene | |
|---|---|
 Movses Khorenatsi's statue in front of the Matenadaran in Yerevan. | |
| Born | circa 410 AD Taron, Armenia |
| Died | 490s AD Armenia |
| Occupation | Historian |
| Known for | History of Armenia |
| Notes | |
| Some scholars have dated him to the seventh to eighth centuries. It has also been suggested that Movses was born in Syunik. | |
Movses Khorenatsi (Template:Lang-hy, Armenian pronunciation: [movsɛs χoɹɛnɑtsʰi], Movses of Khoren; also written Movsēs Xorenac‘i, Movses Khorenats'i; circa 410 – 490s AD) was an Armenian historian and author of the History of Armenia. He is credited with the earliest known historiographical work on the history of Armenia, but was also a poet, or hymn writer, and a grammarian. Although other Armenians, such as Agatangeghos, had written histories of Armenia, Movses' work holds particular significance because it contains unique material on the old oral traditions in Armenia during its pagan era and, more importantly, traces Armenian history from Movses' day to its origins. For this, he is considered to be the "father of Armenian history" (patmahayr), and is sometimes referred to as the "Armenian Herodotus."
Movses identified himself as a young disciple of Saint Mesrop, and stated that he composed his work at the behest of Prince Sahak Bagratuni. The book has had an enormous impact on Armenian historiography and was used and quoted extensively by later medieval Armenian authors.
Biography
Early life and education
Movses' biographical details are given at the very end of the History of Armenia but additional information provided by later medieval Armenian historians have allowed modern scholars to piece together additional information on him. Movses was believed to have been born in the village of Khorni (also spelled as Khoron and Khoronk) in the Armenian province of Taron sometime in 410. However, some scholars contend that if he was born here, he would have then been known as Movses of Khorneh or Khoron. They instead move the location of his birth from Taron to the Armenian province of Syunik, in the village of Khorena in the region of Harband.
He received his education in Syunik and was later sent to be taught under the auspices of Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, and Catholicos Sahak Partev. In having considerable difficulty translating the Bible from Greek to Armenian, Mesrop and Sahak felt the need to send Movses and several of their other students to Alexandria, Egypt, at that time the center of education and learning, so that they themselves learn the Greek and Syriac languages, as well as to learn grammar, oratory, theology and philosophy.
Return to Armenia
The students left Armenia sometime between 432 to 435. After studying in Alexandria for five to six years, Movses and his fellow classmates returned to Armenia, only to find that Mesrop and Sahak had died. Movses expressed his grief in a lamentation at the end of History of Armenia:
While they awaited our return to celebrate their student’s accomplishments , we hastened from Byzantium, expecting that we would be dancing and singing at a wedding...and instead, I found myself grieving at the foot of our teachers' graves...I did not even arrive in time to see their eyes close nor hear them speak their final words.
To further complicate their problems, the atmosphere in Persian Armenia that Movses and the other students had returned to was one that was extremely hostile and they were viewed at with contempt by the native population. While later Armenian historians blamed this on an ignorant populace, Persian ideology and policy also lay at fault since its rulers "could not tolerate highly educated young scholars fresh from Greek centers of learning." Given this atmosphere and persecution by the Persians, Movses went into hiding in a village near Vagharshapat and lived in relative seclusion for several decades.
The Catholicos of Armenia Gyut (461-471) one day met Movses while traveling through the area and, unaware of his true identity, invited him to supper with several of his students. Movses was initially silent, but after Gyut's students encouraged him to speak, Movses made a marvelous speech at the dinner table. One of the Catholicos' students was able to identify Movses as a person Gyut had been searching for; it was soon understood that Gyut was one of Movses' former classmates and friends. Gyut embraced Movses and, being either a Chalcedonian Christian or at least tolerant of them (since Movses was also Chalcedonian), brought his friend back from seclusion and appointed him to be a bishop in Bagrevan.
History of Armenia
Serving as a bishop, Movses was approached by Prince Sahak Bagratuni (d. 482), who, having heard of Movses' reputation, asked him to write a history of the Armenians, especially the biographies of Armenian kings and the origins of the Armenian nakharar families. Movses agreed to do so and he finished his book sometime in the time period of 483-485. One of his primary reasons for taking up Sahak Bagratuni's request is given in the first part of Patmutyun Hayots, or History of Armenia: "For even though we are small and very limited in numbers and have been conquered many times by foreign kingdoms, yet too, many acts of bravery have been performed in our land, worthy of being written and remembered, but of which no one has bothered to write down." Movses' history also gives a rich description of the oral traditions that were popular among the Armenians of the time, such as the romance story of Artashes and Satenik and the birth of the god Vahagn. Movses lived for several more years, and he died sometime in the late 490s.
Literary influence
The first reference to Movses by an Armenian historian was in Ghazar Parpetsi’s History of Armenia, where the author details the persecution of several notable Armenian individuals, including the “blessed Movses the philosopher,” identified by some scholars as Movses Khorenatsi. The information by Movses and traces of his writing style was later identified in the works by Movses Kaghankatvatsi, Tovma Artsruni, John V the Historian and later medieval Armenian authors.
Contents
The book is divided into three parts:
- "Genealogy of Armenia Major", embracing the history of Armenia from the beginning down to Alexander the Great;
- "History of the middle period of our ancestors", extending from Alexander to the death of St. Gregory the Illuminator and the reign of King Terdat (AD 330);
- the third part brings the history down to the overthrow of the Arshakuni Dynasty (AD 428).
According to Thomas Artsruni, writing in the 10th century, there was also a fourth part which brings the history down to the time of the Emperor Zeno (474-491).
Genealogy
In 32 chapters, from Adam to Alexander the Great. List of the Armenian patriarchs according to Moses:
- Haik (grandson of Tiras), Armenag, Aramais, Amassia, Gegham, Harma, Aram
- Ara Keghetzig, Ara Kardos, Anoushavan, Paret, Arbag, Zaven, Varnas, Sour, Havanag
- Vashtak, Haikak, Ampak, Arnak, Shavarsh, Norir, Vestam, Kar, Gorak, Hrant, Endzak, Geghak
- Horo, Zarmair, Perch, Arboun, Hoy, Houssak, Kipak, Skaiordi
These cover the 24th to 9th centuries BC in Moses' chronology, indebted to the Chronicon of Eusebius. There follows a list of legendary kings, covering the 8th to 4th centuries BC:
- Parouyr, Hratchia, Pharnouas, Pachouych, Kornak, Phavos, Haikak II, Erouand I, Tigran I, Vahagn, Aravan, Nerseh, Zareh, Armog, Bagam, Van, Vahé.
These gradually enter historicity with Tigran I (6th century BC), who is also mentioned in the Cyropaedia of Xenophon (Tigranes Orontid , traditionally 560-535 BC; Vahagn 530-515 BC), but Aravan to Vahé are again otherwise unknown.
- chapter 1: letter to Sahak
- chapter 5: from Noah to Abraham and Belus
- chapters 10-12: about Haik
- chapter 13: war against the Medes
- chapter 14: war against Assyria
- chapters 15-16: Ara and Semiramis
- chapters 17-19: Semiramis flees from Zoroaster to Armenia and is killed by her son.
- chapter 20: Ara Kardos and Anoushavan
- chapter 21: Parouyr, first king of Armenia at the time of Ashurbanipal
- chapter 22: kings from Pharnouas to Tigran
- chapter 23: Sennacherib and his sons
- chapters 24-30: about Tigran I
- chapter 31: descendants of Tigran down to Vahé, who is killed in resistance against Alexander
- chapter 32: Hellenic wars
Middle Period (332 BC - AD 330)
Further information: List of Armenian Kings92 chapters, from Alexander the Great to Tiridates III of Armenia.
Arsacid period AD 330-428
Further information: Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia68 chapters, from the death of Tiridates III to Gregory the Illuminator.
Editions and translations
- editio princeps, Amsterdam, 1695;
- London, with a Latin translation, 1736
- Venice, 1752
- Italian and French translations, Venice, 1841
- Tiflis, 1913 (facsimile ed., intro. by R. W. Thomson, 1981 Caravan Books, ISBN 9780882060323).
- R. W. Thomson, English translation, 1978 (Harvard, ISBN 9780674395718).
- G. Kh. Sargsyn, Russian translation, 1991 (ISBN 9785808401853).
- R. W. Thomson, English translation, rev. ed. 2006 (Caravan Books, ISBN 9780882061115).
Notes
- Template:Hy icon Sargsyan, Gagik Kh. "Երկու Խոսք" ("Two Words") in Movses Khorenatsi's History of Armenia, 5th Century (Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար). Gagik Kh. Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, pp. 332-334. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.
- Hacikyan, Agop Jack, Gabriel Basmajian, Edward S. Franchuk, and Nourhan Ouzounian. The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Oral Tradition to the Golden Age, Vol. I. Detroit: Wayne State University, 2000, pp. 306-307. ISBN 0-8143-2815-6.
- Chahin, Mack. The Kingdom of Armenia: A History. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2001, p. 181 ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.
- For this reason, some have also referred to him as Movses of Taron.
- Template:Hy icon Malkhasyants, Stepan. "Introduction" in Movses Khorenatsi's History of Armenia, 5th Century (Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար). Gagik Kh. Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, p. 7. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.
- Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in History of Armenia, p. 7.
- {Template:Hy icon Sargsyan, Gagik Kh. «Մովսես Խորենացի» (Movses Khorenatsi). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. viii. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1982, pp. 40-41.
- Template:Hy icon Movses Khorenatsi. History of Armenia, 5th Century (Հայոց Պատմություն, Ե Դար). Annotated translation and commentary by Stepan Malkhasyants. Gagik Kh. Sargsyan (ed.) Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing, 1997, 3.68, p. 276. ISBN 5-5400-1192-9.
- Hacikyan et al. p. 307.
- Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in History of Armenia, p. 15.
- Malkhasyants. "Introduction" in History of Armenia, p. 16.
- Movses Khorenatsi. History of Armenia, 1.4., pp. 70-71.
- Template:Hy icon Pogharian, Norayr. Յայ Գրողներ, Ե-Ժ դար (Armenian Writers, 5th-10th centuries) Jerusalem: St. James Printing Press, 1971.
- Template:Hy icon Hasratyan, Murad. “Որ՞ն է Մովսես Խորենացու ծննդավայրը.” (“Where was Movses Khorenatsi’s Birthplace?”) Lraber Hasarakakan Gituyunneri. № 12, 1969, pp. 81-90.
- ^ Template:Hy icon Hovhannisyan, Petros. "Review of History of the Armenians." Banber Yerevan Hamalsarani. № 3 (45), 1982, pp. 237-239.
Further reading
- Template:Ru icon Abeghyan, Manuk. Истории древнеармянской литературы. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1975.
- Adonts, Nicholas. Armenia in the Period of Justinian: the Political Conditions Based on the Naxarar System. Translated with partial revisions, a bibliographical note, and appendices by Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon, 1970.
- Conybeare, F. C. "The Date of Moses of Khoren." Bazmavep. № 10 (1901).
- Template:Hy icon Malkhasyants, Stepan. Խորենացու առեղծված շուրջը (About the Enigma of Khorenatsi). Yerevan, Armenian SSR, 1940.
- Template:Hy icon Sargsyan, Gagik. Հելլենիստական դարաշրջանի Հայաստանը և Մովսես Խորենացին (Armenia in the Hellenistic Age and Movses Khorenatsi). Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1966.
- Template:Hy icon ______________. Մովսես Խորենացու «Հայոց Պատմության» ժամանակագրական համակարգը. (The Chronological Structure of Movses Khorenatsi's History of Armenia).Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1965.
- Sarkissian, Gaguik . The "History of Armenia" by Movses Khorenatzi. Trans. by Gourgen A. Gevorkian. Yerevan: Yerevan University Press, 1991
- Topchyan, Aram. The Problem of the Greek Sources of Movsēs Xorenacʻi's History of Armenia. Peeters Publishers, 2006.
- Robert H. Hewson, "The Primary History of Armenia": An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially Transmitted Historical Tradition, History in Africa (1975).
External links
- Movses of Chorene, "The History of Armenia" (in Armenian)
- Movses of Chorene, "The History of Armenia" (in Russian)
- History of the Armenians, Moses Khorenats'i. Commentary on the Literary Sources by R. Thomson
- Template:Ru icon Movses Khorenatsi. The History of Armenia.