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Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:41, 20 June 2006 editPaulWicks (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,219 edits Created page! Will add more soon...  Latest revision as of 18:33, 3 March 2010 edit undoGarrondo (talk | contribs)Pending changes reviewers11,244 edits Merged article into Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease 
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Mood disturbances:
*]: occurs in 40-80% of cases; 20% of depression cases are major depressive disorder; severity and persistence of depression is positively associated with executive dysfunction and dementia;
*] or ]<br>Note: 70% of individuals with Parkinson's disease diagnosed with pre-existing depression go on to develop anxiety; 90% of Parkinson's disease patients with pre-existing anxiety subsequently develop depression);
*] or ]: abulia translates from Greek as the absence or negative of will; apathy is an absence of feeling or desire

] disturbances:
*]; both voluntary and involuntary motor responses are significantly slowed.
*], characterized by difficulties in: differential allocation of attention, impulse control, set shifting, prioritizing, evaluating the salience of ambient data, interpeting social cues, and subjective time awareness. This complex is present to some degree in most Parkinson's patients; it may progress to:
*]: a later development in approximately 20-40% of all patients, typically starting with slowing of thought and progressing to difficulties with abstract thought, memory, and behavioral regulation.
*]; ] is more impaired than ]. Prompting elicits improved recall.
*medication effects: some of the above cognitive disturbances are improved by dopaminergic medications, while others are actually worsened <ref>{{cite journal
|author=Michael J Frank
|title= Dynamic Dopamine Modulation in the Basal Ganglia: A Neurocomputational Account of Cognitive Deficits in Medicated and Non-mediacated Parkinsonism
|journal=]
|year=2005 | volume=17 | pages= 51&ndash;73
|url=http://www.u.arizona.edu/~mfrank/pubs-abstr.html#Frank05
}}</ref>

]:
*Excessive daytime ];
*Initial, intermediate, and terminal insomnia;
*Disturbances in REM sleep: disturbingly vivid dreams, and REM Sleep Disorder, characterized by acting out of dream content;

] disturbances:
*impaired visual ], spatial reasoning, ] discrimination, convergence insufficiency (characterized by ]) and ]
*] and fainting; usually attributable orthostatic hypotension, a failure of the autonomous nervous system to adjust blood pressure in response to changes in body position
*impaired ] (the awareness of bodily position in three-dimensional space)
*loss of sense of ] (]),
*]: neuropathic, muscle, joints, and tendons, attributable to tension, dystonia, rigidity, joint stiffness, and injuries associated with attempts at accommodation

] disturbances:
*] and ];
*], typically in later disease progression
*] and ]dysmotility: severe enough to endanger comfort and even health
*]: characterized by profound impairment of sexual arousal, behavior, orgasm, and drive is found in mid and late parkinson disease. Current data addresses male sexual function almost exclusively.

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