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| ] is composed of three main dialects, one of which, ], is shared with ], ], and ]. This shared dialect is the basis of all four standard languages, so Standard '''Croatian grammar''' is quite similar to the other standards. However, there are substantial differences with the ] and ] dialects, which are spoken almost exclusively within Croatia. | |||
| ] date from beginning of 17th century with the grammar of ] (written in ]) in 1604. Not only did Croatian use the three dialects before the 19th century, but the orthography differed on Adriatic coast from near Hungarian border, as one was under influence of Italian, the other of Hungarian.<ref name="grammar1">Težak-Babić, "Gramatika hrvatskoga jezika", Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1994, ISBN 953-0-40008-X, p. 13</ref> In the 19th century ] proposed new letters from ] (č,ž,š,ľ,ň,ď and ǧ), of which ''č'', ''ž'', and ''š'' were accepted; ''ć'' from ]; and for other phonemes he introduced the digraphs ''lj'', ''nj'', and ''dž''. Later ''dj'' / ''gj'' was changed to ''đ'', following a proposal by ]).<ref name="grammar1" /> | |||
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| {{main|Serbian and Croatian grammar}} | |||
| Standard Croatian, like Standard ], ], and ], is based on the Eastern Hercegovinian accent of the ] of Serbo-Croatian. There are minimal differences between them, though in practice all four peoples of a particular area often use the same forms. See ]. | |||
| ==Kajkavian grammar== | |||
| {{main|Kajkavian dialect}} | |||
| {{expand section}} | |||
| Kajkavian, spoken in the Croat capital ], is intermediate between Standard Croatian and ]. However, it has undergone extensive influence from the Shtokavian standard. | |||
| ==Chakavian grammar== | |||
| {{main|Chakavian dialect}} | |||
| {{expand section}} | |||
| Chakavian, spoken along the ]n coast, is often scarcely intelligible to speakers of Standard Croatian, though like Kajkavian it has been strongly influenced by it. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{wikibooks|Croatian}} | |||
| * — phrases and grammar | |||
| * | |||
| * , with audio files | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:17, 13 July 2010
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