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List of current heads of state and government: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 01:49, 10 February 2006 view sourceSesel (talk | contribs)Administrators25,812 edits add SMOM, which is recognized by many states as a sovereign polity← Previous edit Revision as of 02:40, 10 February 2006 view source Koavf (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,174,994 edits Added some links.Next edit →
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|] ] |] ]
|] ] |] ]
|-
|]
|religious polity without territory
|colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Marshall Islands}} |{{flagcountry|Marshall Islands}}
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|{{flagcountry|Nauru}} |{{flagcountry|Nauru}}
|presidential-parliamentary republic |presidential-parliamentary republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Nepal}} |{{flagcountry|Nepal}}
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|{{flagcountry|Oman}} |{{flagcountry|Oman}}
|absolute monarchy |absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|<div align=center>Sultan and Prime Minister ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] and ] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Pakistan}} |{{flagcountry|Pakistan}}
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|{{flagcountry|Palau}} |{{flagcountry|Palau}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Palestine}} (disputed area) |{{flagcountry|Palestine}} (disputed area)
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|{{flagcountry|Portugal}} |{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Qatar}} |{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
|absolute monarchy |absolute monarchy
|Emir ] |] ]
|Prime Minister Sheikh ] |] Sheikh ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Romania}} |{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Russia}} |{{flagcountry|Russia}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Rwanda}} |{{flagcountry|Rwanda}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |{{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ], represented by Governor-General Sir ] |] ], represented by ] Sir ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Lucia}} |{{flagcountry|Saint Lucia}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ], represented by Governor-General Dame ] |] ], represented by Governor-General Dame ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} |{{flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ], represented by Governor-General Sir ] |] ], represented by Governor-General Sir ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Samoa}} |{{flagcountry|Samoa}}
|parliamentary monarchy |parliamentary monarchy
|''O le Ao o le Malo'' Malietoa ] |'']'' Malietoa ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|San Marino}} |{{flagcountry|San Marino}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|Captains-Regent ] and ] |] ] and ]
|] (Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs) |] (Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs)
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |{{flagcountry|São Tomé and Príncipe}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}} |{{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}
|absolute monarchy |absolute monarchy
|colspan=2|<div align=center>King and Prime Minister ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] and ] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Senegal}} |{{flagcountry|Senegal}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Serbia and Montenegro}} |{{flagcountry|Serbia and Montenegro}}
|state union |state union
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Seychelles}} |{{flagcountry|Seychelles}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Sierra Leone}} |{{flagcountry|Sierra Leone}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}} |{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Slovakia}} |{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Slovenia}} |{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Solomon Islands}} |{{flagcountry|Solomon Islands}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ], represented by Governor-General Sir ] |] ], represented by Governor-General Sir ]
|Prime Minister Sir ] |] Sir ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Somalia}} |{{flagcountry|Somalia}}
|''de facto'' semi-presidential state |''de facto'' semi-presidential state
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|South Africa}} |{{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Spain}} |{{flagcountry|Spain}}
||parliamentary monarchy ||parliamentary monarchy
|King ] |] ]
|President of the Government ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}} |{{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Sudan}} |{{flagcountry|Sudan}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Suriname}} |{{flagcountry|Suriname}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Swaziland}} |{{flagcountry|Swaziland}}
|absolute monarchy |absolute monarchy
|King ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}} |{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|parliamentary monarchy |parliamentary monarchy
|King ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}} |{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|parliamentary and collegial republic |parliamentary and collegial republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>'''Swiss Federal Council''': <!--ordered by seniority -->] (President)<sup>]</sup>, ], ], ], ], ], ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>''']''': <!--ordered by seniority -->] (])<sup>]</sup>, ], ], ], ], ], ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Syria}} |{{flagcountry|Syria}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Republic of China|Taiwan (ROC)}} |{{flagcountry|Republic of China|Taiwan (ROC)}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|President of the Executive Yuan ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}} |{{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Tanzania}} |{{flagcountry|Tanzania}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}} |{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|parliamentary monarchy |parliamentary monarchy
|King ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Togo}} |{{flagcountry|Togo}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Tonga}} |{{flagcountry|Tonga}}
|parliamentary monarchy |parliamentary monarchy
|King ] |] ]
|Prime Minister Prince ] |] Prince ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}} |{{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Tunisia}} |{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}} |{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}} |{{flagcountry|Turkmenistan}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Tuvalu}} |{{flagcountry|Tuvalu}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ], represented by Governor-General ] |] ], represented by Governor-General ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Uganda}} |{{flagcountry|Uganda}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Ukraine}} |{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
|semi-presidential republic |semi-presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}} |{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|semi-constitional monarchy |semi-constitional monarchy
|President Sheikh ] (the ] of ]) |] Sheikh ] (the ] of ])
|Prime Minister Sheikh ] (the ] of ]) |] Sheikh ] (the ] of ])
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|parliamentary monarchy<sup>] |parliamentary monarchy<sup>]
|] ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|United States}} |{{flagcountry|United States}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Uruguay}} |{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}} |{{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Vanuatu}} |{{flagcountry|Vanuatu}}
|parliamentary republic |parliamentary republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Vatican City}} |{{flagcountry|Vatican City}}
|sacerdotal state |sacerdotal state
|Pope ] |] ]
|Secretary of State ];<br/>Governor ] |Secretary of State ];<br/>Governor ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Venezuela}} |{{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Vietnam}} |{{flagcountry|Vietnam}}
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|{{flagcountry|Yemen}} |{{flagcountry|Yemen}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|President ] |] ]
|Prime Minister ] |] ]
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Zambia}} |{{flagcountry|Zambia}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|- |-
|{{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}} |{{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}
|presidential republic |presidential republic
|colspan=2|<div align=center>President ]</div> |colspan=2|<div align=center>] ]</div>
|} |}


Revision as of 02:40, 10 February 2006

This is a list of state leaders, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems; it should be noted that often a leader is both in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

List of state leaders

State Government Head of state Head of government
 Afghanistan presidential republic President Hamid Karzai
 Albania parliamentary republic President Alfred Moisiu Prime Minister Sali Berisha
 Algeria semi-presidential republic President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia
 Andorra parliamentary monarchy Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste)
and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni) 		Head of Government Albert Pintat
 Angola presidential republic President José Eduardo dos Santos
 Antigua and Barbuda parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
 Argentina presidential republic President Néstor Kirchner
 Armenia presidential republic President Robert Kocharian Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan
 Australia parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery Prime Minister John Howard
 Austria parliamentary republic President Heinz Fischer Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
 Azerbaijan presidential republic President Ilham Aliyev Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
 Bahamas parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna Prime Minister Perry Christie
 Bahrain semi-constitutional monarchy King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
 Bangladesh parliamentary republic President Iajuddin Ahmed Prime Minister Khaleda Zia
 Barbados parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands Prime Minister Owen Arthur
 Belarus presidential republic President Aleksandr Lukashenko Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
 Belgium parliamentary monarchy King Albert II Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
 Belize parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young Prime Minister Said Musa
 Benin presidential republic President Mathieu Kérékou
 Bhutan absolute monarchy King Jigme Singye Wangchuck Prime Minister Lyonpo Sangay Ngedup
 Bolivia presidential republic President Evo Morales
 Bosnia and Herzegovina federation Tripartite presidency: Ivo Miro Jović (Chairmen of the Presidency), Sulejman Tihić, Borislav Paravac Prime Minister Adnan Terzić
 Botswana presidential republic President Festus Mogae
 Brazil presidential republic President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
 Brunei absolute monarchy Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah
 Bulgaria parliamentary republic President Georgi Purvanov Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev
 Burkina Faso presidential republic President Blaise Compaoré Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli
 Burundi presidential republic President Pierre Nkurunziza
 Cambodia parliamentary monarchy King Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
 Cameroon presidential republic President Paul Biya Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
 Canada parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean Prime Minister Stephen Harper
 Cape Verde semi-presidential republic President Pedro Pires Prime Minister José Maria Neves
 Central African Republic presidential republic President François Bozizé Prime Minister Élie Doté
 Chad presidential republic President Idriss Déby Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji
 Chile presidential republic President Ricardo Lagos
 China Communist Party-led republic President Hu Jintao Premier Wen Jiabao
 Colombia presidential republic President Álvaro Uribe
 Comoros presidential republic President Azali Assoumani
 Congo presidential republic President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
 DR Congo presidential republic President Joseph Kabila
 Costa Rica presidential republic President Abel Pacheco
 Ivory Coast presidential republic President Laurent Gbagbo Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny
 Croatia parliamentary republic President Stjepan Mesić Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
 Cuba Communist Party-led republic President of the Councils of State and of Ministers Fidel Castro
 Cyprus presidential republic President Tassos Papadopoulos
 Czech Republic parliamentary republic President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek
 Denmark parliamentary monarchy Queen Margrethe II Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
 Djibouti presidential republic President Ismail Omar Guelleh Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
 Dominica parliamentary republic President Nicholas Liverpool Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
 Dominican Republic presidential republic President Leonel Fernández
 Timor-Leste parliamentary republic President Xanana Gusmão Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri
 Ecuador presidential republic President Alfredo Palacio
 Egypt presidential republic President Hosni Mubarak Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
 El Salvador presidential republic President Antonio Saca
 Equatorial Guinea presidential republic President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Prime Minister Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó
 Eritrea presidential republic President Isaias Afewerki
 Estonia parliamentary republic President Arnold Rüütel Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
 Ethiopia parliamentary republic President Girma Wolde-Giorgis Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
 Fiji parliamentary republic President Ratu Josefa Iloilo Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase
 Finland semi-presidential republic President Tarja Halonen Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
 France semi-presidential republic President Jacques Chirac Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
 Gabon presidential republic President Omar Bongo Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
 Gambia presidential republic President Yahya Jammeh
 Georgia presidential republic President Mikhail Saakashvili Prime Minister Zurab Nogaideli
 Germany parliamentary republic President Horst Köhler Chancellor Angela Merkel
 Ghana presidential republic President John Kufuor
 Greece parliamentary republic President Karolos Papoulias Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
 Grenada parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
 Guatemala presidential republic President Óscar Berger
 Guinea presidential republic President Lansana Conté Prime Minister Cellou Dalein Diallo
 Guinea-Bissau presidential republic President João Bernardo Vieira Prime Minister Aristides Gomes
 Guyana presidential republic President Bharrat Jagdeo Prime Minister Sam Hinds
 Haiti presidential republic President Boniface Alexandre Prime Minister Gérard Latortue
 Honduras presidential republic President Manuel Zelaya
 Hungary parliamentary republic President László Sólyom Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
 Iceland parliamentary republic President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Prime Minister Halldór Ásgrímsson
 India parliamentary republic President Abdul Kalam Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
 Indonesia presidential republic President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
 Iran clerical republic Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
 Iraq parliamentary republic President Jalal Talabani Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari
 Ireland parliamentary republic President Mary McAleese An Taoiseach Bertie Ahern
 Israel parliamentary republic President Moshe Katsav Prime Minister Ariel Sharon
Acting Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
 Italy parliamentary republic President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi
 Jamaica parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Howard Cooke Prime Minister P. J. Patterson
 Japan parliamentary monarchy Emperor Akihito Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi
 Jordan semi-constitutional monarchy King Abdullah II Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit
 Kazakhstan presidential republic President Nursultan Nazarbayev Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov
 Kenya presidential republic President Mwai Kibaki
 Kiribati presidential republic President Anote Tong
 North Korea Communist Party-led republic The late Kim Il Sung (Eternal President);
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Kim Yong Nam (Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly) 		Premier Pak Pong Ju
 South Korea presidential republic President Roh Moo Hyun Prime Minister Lee Hai Chan
 Kuwait semi-constitutional monarchy Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister Nasser Muhammad Al Ahmad Al Sabah
 Kyrgyzstan presidential republic President Kurmanbek Bakiyev Prime Minister Feliks Kulov
 Laos Communist Party-led republic President Khamtai Siphandon Prime Minister Boungnang Vorachith
 Latvia parliamentary republic President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
 Lebanon semi-presidential confessional republic President Émile Lahoud Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
 Lesotho parliamentary monarchy King Letsie III Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
 Liberia presidential republic President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
 Libya jamahiriya Muammar al-Qaddafi ("Leader of the Revolution", de facto head of state);
Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (General Secretary of the General People's Congress; de jure head of state) 		Shukri Ghanem (General Secretary of the General People's Committee)
 Liechtenstein semi-constitutional monarchy Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois 		Head of Government Otmar Hasler
 Lithuania parliamentary republic President Valdas Adamkus Prime Minister Algirdas Brazauskas
 Luxembourg parliamentary monarchy Grand Duke Henri Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
 Macedonia semi-presidential republic President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Vlado Bučkovski
 Madagascar presidential republic President Marc Ravalomanana Prime Minister Jacques Sylla
 Malawi presidential republic President Bingu wa Mutharika
 Malaysia parliamentary monarchy Yang di-Pertuan Agong Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
 Maldives presidential republic President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
 Mali presidential republic President Amadou Toumani Touré Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga
 Malta parliamentary republic President Edward Fenech Adami Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
 Marshall Islands presidential republic President Kessai Note
 Mauritania military junta Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy) Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
 Mauritius parliamentary republic President Sir Anerood Jugnauth Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
 Mexico presidential republic President Vicente Fox
 Micronesia presidential republic President Joseph Urusemal
 Moldova semi-presidential republic President Vladimir Voronin Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev
 Monaco constitutional monarchy Sovereign Prince Albert II Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust
 Mongolia semi-presidential republic President Nambaryn Enkhbayar Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold
 Morocco semi-constitutional monarchy King Muhammad VI Prime Minister Driss Jettou
 Mozambique presidential republic President Armando Guebuza
 Myanmar (Burma) military junta without representative institutions Sr. Gen. Than Shwe (Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council) Prime Minister Soe Win
 Namibia presidential republic President Hifikepunye Pohamba
 Nauru presidential-parliamentary republic President Ludwig Scotty
   Nepal absolute monarchy King Gyanendra
 Netherlands parliamentary monarchy Queen Beatrix Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende
 New Zealand parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright Prime Minister Helen Clark
 Nicaragua presidential republic President Enrique Bolaños
 Niger presidential republic President Tandja Mamadou Prime Minister Hama Amadou
 Nigeria presidential republic President Olusegun Obasanjo
 Norway parliamentary monarchy King Harald V Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
 Oman absolute monarchy Sultan and Prime Minister Qaboos ibn Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id
 Pakistan presidential republic President Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz
 Palau presidential republic President Tommy Remengesau
 Palestine (disputed area) interim national administration (PNA) President Mahmoud Abbas Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei
 Panama presidential republic President Martín Torrijos
 Papua New Guinea parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Paulias Matane Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare
 Paraguay presidential republic President Nicanor Duarte
 Peru presidential republic President Alejandro Toledo Prime Minister Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
 Philippines presidential republic President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
 Poland parliamentary republic President Lech Kaczyński Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz
 Portugal parliamentary republic President Jorge Sampaio Prime Minister José Sócrates
 Qatar absolute monarchy Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani
 Romania semi-presidential republic President Traian Băsescu Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
 Russia semi-presidential republic President Vladimir Putin Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov
 Rwanda presidential republic President Paul Kagame Prime Minister Bernard Makuza
 Saint Kitts and Nevis parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
 Saint Lucia parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy Prime Minister Kenny Anthony
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
 Samoa parliamentary monarchy O le Ao o le Malo Malietoa Tanumafili II Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
 San Marino parliamentary republic Captains-Regent Antonello Bacciocchi and Claudio Muccioli Fabio Berardi (Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs)
 São Tomé and Príncipe semi-presidential republic President Fradique de Menezes Prime Minister Maria do Carmo Silveira
 Saudi Arabia absolute monarchy King and Prime Minister Abdullah
 Senegal presidential republic President Abdoulaye Wade Prime Minister Macky Sall
 Serbia and Montenegro state union President Svetozar Marović
 Seychelles presidential republic President James Michel
 Sierra Leone presidential republic President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
 Singapore parliamentary republic President S.R. Nathan Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
 Slovakia parliamentary republic President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Mikuláš Dzurinda
 Slovenia parliamentary republic President Janez Drnovšek Prime Minister Janez Janša
 Solomon Islands parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Nathaniel Waena Prime Minister Sir Allan Kemakeza
 Somalia de facto semi-presidential state President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi
 South Africa presidential republic President Thabo Mbeki
 Spain parliamentary monarchy King Juan Carlos I President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
 Sri Lanka semi-presidential republic President Mahinda Rajapakse
 Sudan presidential republic President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
 Suriname presidential republic President Ronald Venetiaan
 Swaziland absolute monarchy King Mswati III Prime Minister Themba Dlamini
 Sweden parliamentary monarchy King Carl XVI Gustaf Prime Minister Göran Persson
  Switzerland parliamentary and collegial republic Swiss Federal Council: Moritz Leuenberger (President), Pascal Couchepin, Joseph Deiss, Samuel Schmid, Micheline Calmy-Rey, Christoph Blocher, Hans-Rudolf Merz
 Syria presidential republic President Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
 Republic of China semi-presidential republic President Chen Shui-bian President of the Executive Yuan Su Tseng-chang
 Tajikistan presidential republic President Imomali Rakhmonov Prime Minister Akil Akilov
 Tanzania presidential republic President Jakaya Kikwete
 Thailand parliamentary monarchy King Bhumibol Adulyadej Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra
 Togo presidential republic President Faure Gnassingbé Prime Minister Edem Kodjo
 Tonga parliamentary monarchy King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV Prime Minister Prince 'Ulukalala Lavaka Ata
 Trinidad and Tobago parliamentary republic President George Maxwell Richards Prime Minister Patrick Manning
 Tunisia presidential republic President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi
 Turkey semi-presidential republic President Ahmet Necdet Sezer Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
 Turkmenistan presidential republic President Saparmurat Niyazov
 Tuvalu parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito Prime Minister Maatia Toafa
 Uganda presidential republic President Yoweri Museveni
 Ukraine semi-presidential republic President Viktor Yushchenko Prime Minister Yurii Yekhanurov
 United Arab Emirates semi-constitional monarchy President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan (the Emir of Abu Dhabi) Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (the Emir of Dubai)
 United Kingdom parliamentary monarchy Queen Elizabeth II Prime Minister Tony Blair
 United States presidential republic President George W. Bush
 Uruguay presidential republic President Tabaré Vázquez
 Uzbekistan presidential republic President Islam Karimov
 Vanuatu parliamentary republic President Kalkot Mataskelekele Prime Minister Ham Lini
 Vatican City sacerdotal state Pope Benedict XVI Secretary of State Angelo Cardinal Sodano;
Governor Edmund Cardinal Szoka
 Venezuela presidential republic President Hugo Chávez
 Vietnam Communist Party-led republic President Tran Duc Luong Prime Minister Phan Van Khai
 Western Sahara (SADR) Largely occupied by Morocco, government in exile administers some territory. President Mohamed Abdelaziz Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar
 Yemen presidential republic President Ali Abdullah Saleh Prime Minister Abdul Qader Bajamal
 Zambia presidential republic President Levy Mwanawasa
 Zimbabwe presidential republic President Robert Mugabe

Notes

  1. In the Commonwealth Realms (with the exception of the United Kingdom), the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is represented by a Governor-General.
  2. The Preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea states, "The DPRK and the entire Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Republic, defend and carry forward his ideas and exploits and complete the Juche revolution under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea." Kim Il Sung died in 1994.
  3. The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links

  • Rulers.org List of rulers throughout time and places

See also

Category: