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'''Knowledge management''' or '''KM''' can refer to the technology, techniques, or social practices for organizing and collecting "knowledge" so that it applied at an appropriate time or place. Generally corporate KM emphasizes the technology of ]s and ] applications collecting ].
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'''Knowledge Management''' or '''KM''' is a term applied to techniques used for the collection, transfer, security and management of information within organisations, in particular tools and techniques designed to preserve the availability of information held by key individuals. It is both a software market and an area in consultancy practice, related to disciplines such as ].


== Overview ==
== Definitions of 'Knowledge Management' ==
The knowledge management process strives towards a two-fold result of:
* organizing existing knowledge, and
* facilitating the creation of new knowledge.


Towards this end, KM has always existed on an informal basis i.e. brainstorming, colleagues chatting, ad hoc filing systems, mentoring etc. As an emergent business practice, KM has seen the introduction of the ], and the establishment of corporate ]s, ], and other knowledge and ] practices.
There is nothing essentially new in the basic concept of managing knowledge, even though as a new discipline it has emerged only recently and, given its newness is still developing its theoretical home. Knowledge management has always been conducted in one way or another, e.g. apprenticeships, colleagues chatting or a parent handing over her/his business to the offspring. The essential difference today is the pace of the environment we live and work in and the demands it puts on the flow of knowledge.


== Theory ==
There are several types of knowledge relevant to an organisation. Nonaka and Takeuchi (''Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company, New York: Oxford University Press.'') suggest separating the concepts of data, information, tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge:


KM uses a specific ] to explain the dynamics of ]. For example in the last ten years, the Internet has seen groups establish discussions on the use of ] as a value ]; the meaning of tacit vs explicit knowledge; and more.
* Data is factual, raw material and therefore without information attached.


], ] and ] (KID) are key terms, and a knowledge management strategy seeks to identify and categorise this information
* Information is refined into a structural form, e.g. client databases.


* Data is used to describe the world that extends between inorganic matter and biological forms i.e. ].
* Explicit – or codified or articulated – knowledge relates to “knowing about” and can be written and easily transferred.This category of knowledge may include manuals, specialised databases or collections of case law or may even be in the form of standardised techniques of investigation or templates for documents. A key attribute of explicit knowledge is the possibility to store it. Explicit knowledge is 'knowing about', and few disagree that it can be stored and shared using manuals and databases.


* Information is used to describe the world that extends between biological forms and social groups i.e. ].
* Tacit knowledge relates to “knowing how” or “understanding” and cannot be directly transferred between individuals; it is transferred through application, practice and social interaction.


* Knowledge is used to describe the world that extends between social groups and intellectual ideas i.e. ].
* Organizational Knowledge management (KM) is the creation, organization, sharing and flow of ] in organizations.


== Practice ==
* Knowledge Management seeks to make the best use of the knowledge that is available to an organization, creating new knowledge, increasing awareness and understanding in the process.


KM seeks to leverage the ] that comes with improved or faster learning and new knowledge creation. Interest in knowledge management is being driven in part by:
* Knowledge Management can also be defined as the capturing, organizing, and storing of knowledge and experiences of individual workers and groups within an organization and making this information available to others in the organization.


* speed of connectivity
== Related definitions ==
* increased knowledge content in products and services
*''] - PKM'' pays attention to the organization of information, thoughts and beliefs. In this approach, the responsibility for knowledge creation lies with the individual who is charged to learn, connect and share personal insights.
* shorter ] cycles
* ''Enterprise knowledge management - EKM'' is concerned with strategy, process and technologies to acquire, store, share and secure organizational understanding, insights and core distinctions. at this level is closely tied to competitive advantage, innovation and agility.


Since its adoption by the mainstream population and business community, the Internet has led to an increase in creative collaboration, learning and research, e-commerce, and instant information. With improved technologies, gone are the days of dusty bookshelves, missed messages and snail mail. In many respects, the practice of KM is an in-step or mirrored evolution that coincides with the growth of both IT and the Internet.
==Helpful Tips==
* It is helpful to make a clear distinction between ] on the one hand, and ] and ] on the other.
* See: ]


], ], and ] are examples of the knowledge management process. Each application can expand the level of inquiry available to an employee, while providing a platform to achieve specific goals or actions.
==Knowledge Management tools==

* Wikis are examples of software systems that can be used as a knowledge management tool. For example the /Wikisolutions project wants to be to knowledge management what wikipedia is for encyclopedias: a place to organize knowledge and information related to all the things in which people might be interested in an open society. Other wikis may be used inside an organization, and the goal can be to organise knowledge related to the activity of that organisation, such as wikis used in some universities or corporations.
===Data Mining===
] is the practice of automatically searching large stores of data for patterns. To do this, data mining uses computational techniques from statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition.

== Related Definitions ==
* Knowledge management - an organizational process which transforms intellect into intellectual capital.
* ] - the intangible assets of a company which contribute to its valuation.
* ] - an executive responsible for maximizing the knowledge potential of an organisation.
* ] - that which can be acted upon.
*] - the organisation of an individual's thoughts and beliefs.
* Enterprise knowledge management - the strategy, process or technologies used to acquire, share and re-use an enterprise's knowledge and understanding.


==See also== ==See also==
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ]
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* ] * ]
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==External links==
==Finding related topics==
* - Collaborative KM repository
* ]
* - health and social care KM site
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
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* ]
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* ]
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==References==
* Dalkir, Kimiz, (2005), Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. Butterworth-Heinemann., ISBN 075067864X ().
* Frid, Randy, (2003), , ISBN: 0595306993
* Desouza, K.C. and Hensgen, T., (2005). Managing Information in Complex Organizations. M.E. Sharpe.
* Leonard, D. and Swap, W., (2005). Deep smarts. How to cultivate and transfer enduring business wisdom. Harvard Business Press. ISBN 1591395283
* '']: New Tools for Unlocking the Mysteries of Tacit Understanding'' by Ikujiro Nonaka, Georg Von Krogh, and Kazuo Ichijo, Oxford University Press, 2000, hardcover, 304 pages, ISBN 0195126165
* Bernbom, Gerald, editor. (2001). Information Alchemy: The Art and Science of Knowledge Management. EDUCAUSE Leadership Series #3. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Graham, Ricci. (2001).
* Graham, Ricci. (2001). "Benchmarking Jackson State." Knowledge Management, (4): 5. p. 11. May, 2001.
* Petrides, L. and Nodine, T., (2003). Monograph, the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education.
* A. Tiwana, The Knowledge Management Toolkit: Orchestrating IT, Strategy, and Knowledge Platforms (2nd Edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.
* Ward, Lewis. (2001). "Collaborative KM Tools: Putting Customer Care Online." Knowledge Management (4):4. pp. CS1-CS6. Special Advertising Section.
* Leibold, M. Probst, G. and Gibbert, M. (2001) ''Strategic Management in the Knowledge Economy'', Wiley, Erlangen 2001.
* Probst, G. Raub, S. and Romhardt K. (1999) ''Managing Knowledge'', Wiley, London, 1999 (Exists also in other languages).
* J. Davies, R. Studer, Y. Sure and P. Warren (2005). . BT Technology Journal 23 (3): 175-190. July 2005. Issue on Enabling Future IT.
* S. Staab S., H.-P. Schnurr, R. Studer, Y. Sure (2001). . IEEE Intelligent Systems 16 (1): 26-34. January 2001. Special Issue on Knowledge Management. ISSN 1541-1672

==Websites==
*
* - by Bhojaraju (India)
* by the Behavioral Computational Neuroscience Group Development Committee
* Austria's Competence Center for Knowledge Management
* Europe's largest International Conference on Knowledge Management
* Forum for Knowledge Management und Information Science
* Online-Journal on Knowledge Management (German)
* Knowledge Management Forum Graz
*
* *
*
*
* *
*
* *
* *
*
* , a paper by T.D. Wilson that criticizes ''knowledge management'' for being an "umbrella term for a variety of organizational activities, none of which are concerned with the management of knowledge."
* ] supplement: * ] supplement:
*

==Blogs==
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*
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*

==Organizations==
*
*
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* - Canadian Institute of Knowledge Management
*
* - Source for Knowledge Management Certification and Training
*
*
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*


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Revision as of 17:34, 13 February 2006

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Knowledge Management or KM is a term applied to techniques used for the collection, transfer, security and management of information within organisations, in particular tools and techniques designed to preserve the availability of information held by key individuals. It is both a software market and an area in consultancy practice, related to disciplines such as competitive intelligence.

Overview

The knowledge management process strives towards a two-fold result of:

  • organizing existing knowledge, and
  • facilitating the creation of new knowledge.

Towards this end, KM has always existed on an informal basis i.e. brainstorming, colleagues chatting, ad hoc filing systems, mentoring etc. As an emergent business practice, KM has seen the introduction of the chief knowledge officer, and the establishment of corporate Intranets, wikis, and other knowledge and information technology practices.

Theory

KM uses a specific lexicon to explain the dynamics of knowledge transfer. For example in the last ten years, the Internet has seen groups establish discussions on the use of intellectual capital as a value metric; the meaning of tacit vs explicit knowledge; and more.

Knowledge, information and data (KID) are key terms, and a knowledge management strategy seeks to identify and categorise this information

  • Data is used to describe the world that extends between inorganic matter and biological forms i.e. empiricism.
  • Information is used to describe the world that extends between biological forms and social groups i.e. rationalism.
  • Knowledge is used to describe the world that extends between social groups and intellectual ideas i.e. taoism.

Practice

KM seeks to leverage the competitive advantage that comes with improved or faster learning and new knowledge creation. Interest in knowledge management is being driven in part by:

Since its adoption by the mainstream population and business community, the Internet has led to an increase in creative collaboration, learning and research, e-commerce, and instant information. With improved technologies, gone are the days of dusty bookshelves, missed messages and snail mail. In many respects, the practice of KM is an in-step or mirrored evolution that coincides with the growth of both IT and the Internet.

E-learning, web conferencing, and collaborative software are examples of the knowledge management process. Each application can expand the level of inquiry available to an employee, while providing a platform to achieve specific goals or actions.

Data Mining

Data mining is the practice of automatically searching large stores of data for patterns. To do this, data mining uses computational techniques from statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition.

Related Definitions

  • Knowledge management - an organizational process which transforms intellect into intellectual capital.
  • Intellectual capital - the intangible assets of a company which contribute to its valuation.
  • Chief Knowledge Officer - an executive responsible for maximizing the knowledge potential of an organisation.
  • Knowledge - that which can be acted upon.
  • Personal knowledge management - the organisation of an individual's thoughts and beliefs.
  • Enterprise knowledge management - the strategy, process or technologies used to acquire, share and re-use an enterprise's knowledge and understanding.

See also

External links

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