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It's a good idea, but I wouldnt know what exactly could we do. We have no Iranian admin, funny as it sounds, to protect our pages from such vandalisms. (we had some admins, but they have long gone and dont edit anymore).--] 23:46, 27 February 2006 (UTC) It's a good idea, but I wouldnt know what exactly could we do. We have no Iranian admin, funny as it sounds, to protect our pages from such vandalisms. (we had some admins, but they have long gone and dont edit anymore).--] 23:46, 27 February 2006 (UTC)


Hi guys, I need your help for the article ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other ]], since many people are actively trying to misrepresent Iran. I have tried very hard to enhance the reader’s knowledge, as well as, to correct any undermining, or misrepresentation about ]. I have written many essays clarifying Persia and ] are names erroneously used for ancient Iran, since it is shocking to see some represent Parthia as a country in SW Asia, and say that they were foreign ruler of Persia, while stating the second dynasty to Persia were the Sassanids. I have also tried to correct many mistakes, and even blatant attempts of some trying to represent Persian scientists as Arabs. Finally, armed with information from Jewishencyclopedia.com, and Christian Encyclopedias like Ccel.org/php/wwec.php, and Bible-history.com/isbe/Z/ZOROASTRIANISM, that state angelology, demonology, apocalyptical, and eschatological ideas first came from the Persian Empire who influenced the Jews, then later the Judeo-Christian units. These encyclopedias even admit the idea of monotheism being introduced to humanity by Zoroaster is still in debate--yet no one seems to even be willing to admit to such important discoveries, sometimes due to bigotry.

However, one person alone cannot do this--others must help, to show a consensus, and to avoid violating the 3rr rules. If you agree with any of the changes below, put that article in question on your watch list, and simply copy and paste the texts I edited in the article; of course many try to revert it, so go to the discussion board and submit refrences.






1. http://en.wikipedia.org/Bebe_stores

bebe stores is an American clothing retailer founded in 1976 by the Iranian born Manny Mashouf--who immigrated to the United States in the early 70s, and opened the first bebe store in San Francisco.




2. http://en.wikipedia.org/Babylon

Under the section `Babylon under Persia`

......During the time when ] Persia was the ........





3. http://en.wikipedia.org/God

Section `History of monotheism`

In the Ancient Orient, many cities had their own local god, though this henotheistic worship of a single god did not imply denial of the existence of other gods. The Hebrew Ark of the Covenant is supposed (by some scholars) to have adapted this practice to a nomadic lifestyle, paving their way for a singular God. Yet, many scholars now believe that it may have been the Zoroasterian religion of the Persian Empire that was the first monotheistic religion, and the Jews were influenced by such notions (this controversy is still in debate)






4. http://en.wikipedia.org/Talk:Knight#Knight_.28honorific.29

Section==Early heavy cavalry==
The origin of heavily armoured cavalry (cataphractos) lies in Parthian and Sassanid Persia, and medieval chivalry absorbed many Persian traditions in the course of the Perso-Byzantine wars. For example, Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman general and historian, who served in the army of Constantius II in Gaul and Persia, fought against the Persians under Julian the Apostate and took part in the retreat of his successor, Jovian. He describes the Persian knight as:

"All their companies clad in iron, and all parts of their bodies were covered with thick plates, so fitted that the stiff joints conformed with those of their limbs; and forms of the human faces were so skillfully fitted to their heads, that since their entire bodies were covered with metal, arrows that fell upon them could lodge only where they could see a little through tiny openings opposite the pupil of the eye, or where through the tips of their noses they were able to get a little breath."
"The Persians opposed us serried bands of mail-clad horsemen in such close order that the gleam of moving bodies covered with closely fitting plates of iron dazzled the eyes of those who looked upon them, while the whole throng of horses was protected by coverings of leather. "










5. http://en.wikipedia.org/Cavalry

Section, Origins


Before the Iron Age, the role of cavalry on the battlefield was largely performed by light chariots. The power of mobility given by mounted units was recognized early on, but was offset by the difficulty of raising large forces and by the inability of horses (then mostly small) to carry heavy armor.

It is noteworthy to mention that heavy cavalry was first used by the Iranian Parthians, and more so by the Sasanids (both, but especially the latter, were famed for the cataphract, heavy cavalry armed with lances) . During the Roman-Persian wars, the Parthians swift mounted counter-attacks would prove too much for the Romans at first, who were the master of hand-to-hand combat. However, later the Romans would successfully adapt such heavy armor, and tactics .






6. http://en.wikipedia.org/Sinbad_the_Sailor

'''Sinbad the Sailor''' (also spelled "'''Sindbad'''", from ] '''''' ''Sin-di-bad'', from ] '''''' ''Sand-baad'') is the name of a legendary story from ] about an Arab ] during the ] Caliphate who has numerous fantastic adventures during his voyages throughout the seas east of ] and south of ].








7. http://en.wikipedia.org/Satan

http://en.wikipedia.org/God
'''Supreme Being''' was a concept that according to some scholars was likely first introduced to humanity as Ahura-Mazda, `The Ultimate Good` who is the Universal God of all mankind, by the Iranian or better known in Western literature as Persian prophet Zoroaster, whose monotheistic view of religion would later influence Judeo-Christian beliefs.






8. http://en.wikipedia.org/Angel


Introduction to Angel

An '''angel''' is an ethereal being found in many ]s, whose duties are to assist and serve ] or the gods. Most scholars now believe that humanity was first introduced to angelology as well as demonology, by the Iranian (Persian) prophet Zoroaster, through The Persian Empire, that would later influence Judeo-Christian beliefs .






9. http://en.wikipedia.org/Devil

Many scholars believe humanity was first introduced to angelology as well as The Devil and demonology, by the Iranian (Persian) prophet Zoroaster that would later single-handedly influence Judeo-Christian beliefs. This is discussed in more detail below.





10. http://en.wikipedia.org/One_thousand_and_one_nights


Section, History
During the reign of the Arab Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 8th century, Baghdad had become an important cosmopolitan city. Merchants from Persia (Iran), China, India, Africa, and Europe were all found in Baghdad. It was during this time that many of the stories, which were originally folk stories, are thought to have been collected orally over many years and later then compiled into a single book.

The nucleus of the stories is formed by an old Persian book called Hazâr Afsâna ('Thousand Myths', Persian: ??????????). The later compiler and translator into Arabic is reputedly storyteller Abu abd-Allah Muhammed el-Gahshigar in the 9th century. The frame story of Shahrazad seems to have been added in the 14th century. The first modern Arabic compilation, made out of Egyptian writings, was published in Cairo in 1835.
11. http://en.wikipedia.org/Al_Khwarizmi

Make sure no one changes Al Khwarizmi’s birthplace from Persia to Arabia





12. http://en.wikipedia.org/Al_Biruni

Make sure no one changes Al-Biruni`s birthplace from Persia to Arabia.





13. http://en.wikipedia.org/Avicenna


Make sure no one changes Avicenna’s birthplace from Persia to Arabia.



14. http://en.wikipedia.org/Summum_bonum

Summum bonum (greatest or supreme good) was a concept first introduced to humanity as Ahura-Mazda, `The Ultimate Good` who is the Universal God of all mankind, by the Iranian or better known in Western literature as Persian prophet Zoroaster, whose monotheistic view of religion would later heavily influence Judeo-Christian beliefs, and change the course of humanity. In Western literature, it is a neoplatonic concept attributed to the Christian God by Saint Augustine in de natura boni (399), in direct opposition to his earlier Manichaean (a religion by another Persian prophet, Mani) convictions. Augustine denies the positive existence of absolute evil, describing a world with God as the supreme good at the center, and defining different grades of evil as different stages of remoteness from that center.




Make you go to these Misplaced Pages articles and put them on your watch list. Try to invite others who agree with these edits, and get them involved, be active, be persistence; however, most of all, be factual and be respectful.


Thanks ] 06:05, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Revision as of 06:05, 28 February 2006

Welcome to the Misplaced Pages

I noticed you were new, and wanted to share some links I thought useful:

For more information click here. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~~~~.

Be bold!

User:Sam Spade

Dear ShervinK!

In fact this map shows the areas that kurdish language by its various dialects is spoken; During the centuries many kurdish tribes have been exiled or forced to migrate to difference parts of middle east. But actually Kurdistan is only the bigger part which is in south-east Turkey, northern Iraq, east and north-west Iran and north-east Syria; and not the former Soviet, northern Khorasan... although there surely do live many kurds so that in northern khorasan "Ghouchan" is a kurdish speaking city. I have many kurdish friends in those small areas out of The Great Kurdistan. The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mezopotamia (talk • contribs) 17:58, 1 October 2005.

Signing

Greetings! Just noticed your efforts to keep Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi NPOV, well done. A reminder to sign all your talk page comments, like the warning to User:219.93.174.105. Keep up the good work!--inks 07:30, 1 October 2005 (UTC)

Also, don't forget to use edit summaries, even when you're in a hurry. :) --inks 00:42, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Hi Shervin! I asked some Admins to help us stop vandalism, I look forward to get rid out of 219.93.174.105 soon! --Sina 14:15, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Mohammed Mossadegh

Greetings, Shervink. Thanks for writing. The statement that the takeover was "legally legitimate" is a legal opinion that is certainly disputed by many parties. The U.S. National Security council, for instance, referred to the takeover as a "coup" back in 1952.. Nearly every reputable book on the subject refers to the event using this term (although a few, as you know, dispute the charicterization), and nearly every reputable newspaper uses the term "coup" to describe the event. Certainly one could make a case that the takeover was "legally legitimate", but one could also make the case that the takeover was "illegal and immoral", and neither interpretation should be stated as fact in Misplaced Pages. Our neutral point of view policy says that when there is significant controversy over a statement, that statement should not be stated as fact; instead the article should say who believes the statement and who disputes it. So it would be better to have a section called "the legality of the coup" or somesuch that list which researchers believe the takeover was illegal, and which believe it was legal, and the reasons given for each. Regards, – Quadell 20:52, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Hi Shervink. I suggest that, since our views have been pretty much covered at the talk page, we communicate directly through each others user talk pages instead so as not the clutter the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi talk page any futher. Do you agree ? ---- Melca 00:49, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

CONGRATULATIONS!

With much satisfaction have i read your contributions to the Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI article! I am impressed with the way you handle the onslaught of brainwashed populistic media victims who simply quote some publications, unreflectedly and without own comprehension, trying to keep information on this platform "mainstream" instead of factual! Thank you for fighting errate falsification attempts by young, overzealous ignorami or, halfwitts opposed to the pahlavi regime, who (metaphorically foaming from the mouth) attempt to contort history, to suit their fancy.Pantherarosa 01:10, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

            • Hi Shervink, in response to your kind message: I don't have harsh words, as a matter of fact, for critics of the PAHLAVI regime per se (I have a considerable amount of criticism myself visavis the latter). All I refer to is THOSE CRITICS who post POV here , guided by hatred or other unhelpful sentiments, as that is not what WIKIPEDIA strives to offer the public that looks here for encyclopedic entries. Pantherarosa 01:31, 16 January 2006 (UTC)


با درود و عرض خسته‌ نباشید. خواستم خدمت شما برسانم که‌ با گذاشتن چند واژه‌ سام ویا موست نمیتوان جلو تجزیه‌ کردستان را گرفت. در کردستان هم ملیگرا وجود دارد هم تجزیه طلب. تنها تجزیه‌ طلبها برای خود هویت آرایی و اصیل تعین میکنند و حتی خون فارسها را کثیف و غیر آریایی مینامند و. خود را وارثین برحق و مظلوم امپراطوری ماد مینامند. لطفا این قدر سر این واژه وقت خودتان را ضایع نکنید.

با تشکر از مشارکتهای شما در ویکیپدیا. با سپاس. پاینده ‌باشید. Diyako Talk + 18:33, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Heja Helweda, Diyako, Aucaman

These three users are on some sort of anti-Iranian crusade vandalizing all the Iranian and Persian related articles. We need to keep an eye on their " edit activities" as their intentions is not sincere but merely for the purpose of propagating false information.

Ibn sina

Someone in the Ibn Sina page is deleting the word Persian everyday and I have to put it back on. I gave him three sources that Ibn Sina was identified as Iranian or Persian (including Britannica) and he still edits it. Is there anyway I can stop him? In my opinion he is breaking the rules since I have sources and he does not. I would appreciate your help.

He is also saying that Uzbekistan and Afghanistan were not parts of Persia at the time of his birth but instead parts of the Islamic Caliphate

Is this true? Of course this does not make Ibn Sina any less Persian/Iranian but I just wanted to make sure.

Thanks

Gol 17:41, 25 February 2006 (UTC)


Thank you Shervink

Gol 07:37, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Persians

The user Aucaman has been vandalizing Persian people, as well as several other Iran-related articles, claiming that "modern Persians are mix of Arabs and Mongols" editing the article, or adding a dispute tag, based on his own personal assumptions and conclusions without any valid source to support such outrageous revisionist theory. If you have an opinion on this topic, please join the Talk:Persian_people, so we can reach a consensus for the removal of the "dispute tag".

Iranian Watchdog

Aucaman and a few others like Heja Helweda and Diyako have been repeatedly and systematically vandalizing the Iran-related topics such as Persian people and Iranian peoples, propagating false information, maliciously editing/disputing/deleting without one shred of proof to backup their wild claims, applying the strawman falsification approach, trying to establish new 'facts" based on their own personal assumptions and beliefs.

In order to prevent this situation, we need to create an Iranian Watchdog on Misplaced Pages and guard the integrity and quality of all the Misplaced Pages articles that are related to Iran and Iranians. Please let me know if you think that's a good idea. --ManiF 13:06, 27 February 2006 (UTC)


Thanks for your reply. I'm kind new here, but if you could get an expert wikipedian to creat the Iranian Watchdog, I can request Iranian.com to introduce the group plus a few of the problematic articles that are routinely vandilized by certain individuals of certain backgrounds, so that more Iranian intellectuals would join Misplaced Pages to help protect the integrity and quality of all the Misplaced Pages articles that are related to Iran and Iranians.. --ManiF 18:41, 27 February 2006 (UTC)


My edits on Iranian peoples page

I'm actually the guy who wrote most of the article so I was not vandalizing it. Once spoken was in reference to a much wider area where Iranian languages were spoken including by Sarmatians in Europe and various Iranian peoples found in Xinjiang. These groups have been reduced in the northern areas and so Iranian languages are now found in the southern regions. What exactly is the problem with the edits I made? They correspond to the usage found in Germanic peoples and Slavic peoples and in most reference books. Tombseye 20:55, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

I reworded it so that there is no confusion as to its usage. I think adding a cultural section is a good idea as some common cultural traits such as Nooroz would help the article. Like I said, the Germanic and Slavic pages are good examples and this article would be greatly helped by adding other sections found in those pages. Tombseye 21:06, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
Actually the usage is the same in the academic sense. At most universities, Iranian peoples are grouped through language and this usage is applied in various departments. The 3 are similar in that the various Iranian peoples vary as much as the Slavic and Germanic peoples do since they can be found in a wide area and often have contrasting cultural traits etc. thus an Italian Bavarian from Tyrol won't be identitical to someone from Iceland. I'm only applying what can be found in various reference books. Encyclopedia Americana notes that Kurds are an Iranian people, but distinctly not Persian for example. The reference section found at the bottom of the page are mostly my additions as well and I think they explain the usage with an emphasis upon language which is clear. Tombseye 21:17, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
I agree! Do you have any idea for protecting these pages? I will think about it.--Sina 21:13, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
Hopefully, we won't have to protect the page as we simply discuss things rationally and come to some neutral stance. Tombseye 21:17, 27 February 2006 (UTC)
I'm actually not trying to help anyone so much as help the article. I mostly wrote the article with Khoikhoi helping with the editing as well. It was written to explain the usage of Iranian and the analogies helped the article because otherwise there were people who kept thinking Iranian simply meant Iran or Persians and wanted the article gone since it seemed to claim, from their perspective, that Kurds, Pashtuns etc. were all Persians which is not the case. I wrote the article so that the analogies with Germanic people and Slavic people (and Romance people for that matter) would explain the usage of the term that encompasses many different attributes. I wouldn't have written the article at all if I was trying to ignore the concept of the Iranian peoples. In addition, I added the genetic section that shows more links between the Iranian peoples as well. Hopefully, this clear things up a bit. Tombseye 21:24, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Watchdog

It's a good idea, but I wouldnt know what exactly could we do. We have no Iranian admin, funny as it sounds, to protect our pages from such vandalisms. (we had some admins, but they have long gone and dont edit anymore).--Zereshk 23:46, 27 February 2006 (UTC)


Hi guys, I need your help for the article Babylon, Al Khwarizmi, Bebe_stores, God, knight, parthia, angel, satan, devil, cavalry, Iran, Persia, Persian People, Magi, demon, Al Biruni, Avicenna, monotheism, Sinbad the Sailor, One thousand and one nights, Summum bonum, and other , since many people are actively trying to misrepresent Iran. I have tried very hard to enhance the reader’s knowledge, as well as, to correct any undermining, or misrepresentation about Iran. I have written many essays clarifying Persia and Parthia are names erroneously used for ancient Iran, since it is shocking to see some represent Parthia as a country in SW Asia, and say that they were foreign ruler of Persia, while stating the second dynasty to Persia were the Sassanids. I have also tried to correct many mistakes, and even blatant attempts of some trying to represent Persian scientists as Arabs. Finally, armed with information from Jewishencyclopedia.com, and Christian Encyclopedias like Ccel.org/php/wwec.php, and Bible-history.com/isbe/Z/ZOROASTRIANISM, that state angelology, demonology, apocalyptical, and eschatological ideas first came from the Persian Empire who influenced the Jews, then later the Judeo-Christian units. These encyclopedias even admit the idea of monotheism being introduced to humanity by Zoroaster is still in debate--yet no one seems to even be willing to admit to such important discoveries, sometimes due to bigotry.

However, one person alone cannot do this--others must help, to show a consensus, and to avoid violating the 3rr rules. If you agree with any of the changes below, put that article in question on your watch list, and simply copy and paste the texts I edited in the article; of course many try to revert it, so go to the discussion board and submit refrences.




1. http://en.wikipedia.org/Bebe_stores

bebe stores is an American clothing retailer founded in 1976 by the Iranian born Manny Mashouf--who immigrated to the United States in the early 70s, and opened the first bebe store in San Francisco.



2. http://en.wikipedia.org/Babylon

Under the section `Babylon under Persia`

......During the time when Achaemenid Persia was the ........



3. http://en.wikipedia.org/God

Section `History of monotheism`

In the Ancient Orient, many cities had their own local god, though this henotheistic worship of a single god did not imply denial of the existence of other gods. The Hebrew Ark of the Covenant is supposed (by some scholars) to have adapted this practice to a nomadic lifestyle, paving their way for a singular God. Yet, many scholars now believe that it may have been the Zoroasterian religion of the Persian Empire that was the first monotheistic religion, and the Jews were influenced by such notions (this controversy is still in debate)




4. http://en.wikipedia.org/Talk:Knight#Knight_.28honorific.29

Section==Early heavy cavalry== The origin of heavily armoured cavalry (cataphractos) lies in Parthian and Sassanid Persia, and medieval chivalry absorbed many Persian traditions in the course of the Perso-Byzantine wars. For example, Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman general and historian, who served in the army of Constantius II in Gaul and Persia, fought against the Persians under Julian the Apostate and took part in the retreat of his successor, Jovian. He describes the Persian knight as:

"All their companies clad in iron, and all parts of their bodies were covered with thick plates, so fitted that the stiff joints conformed with those of their limbs; and forms of the human faces were so skillfully fitted to their heads, that since their entire bodies were covered with metal, arrows that fell upon them could lodge only where they could see a little through tiny openings opposite the pupil of the eye, or where through the tips of their noses they were able to get a little breath." "The Persians opposed us serried bands of mail-clad horsemen in such close order that the gleam of moving bodies covered with closely fitting plates of iron dazzled the eyes of those who looked upon them, while the whole throng of horses was protected by coverings of leather. "






5. http://en.wikipedia.org/Cavalry

Section, Origins


Before the Iron Age, the role of cavalry on the battlefield was largely performed by light chariots. The power of mobility given by mounted units was recognized early on, but was offset by the difficulty of raising large forces and by the inability of horses (then mostly small) to carry heavy armor.

It is noteworthy to mention that heavy cavalry was first used by the Iranian Parthians, and more so by the Sasanids (both, but especially the latter, were famed for the cataphract, heavy cavalry armed with lances) . During the Roman-Persian wars, the Parthians swift mounted counter-attacks would prove too much for the Romans at first, who were the master of hand-to-hand combat. However, later the Romans would successfully adapt such heavy armor, and tactics .




6. http://en.wikipedia.org/Sinbad_the_Sailor

Sinbad the Sailor (also spelled "Sindbad", from Arabic ' Sin-di-bad, from Persian ' Sand-baad) is the name of a legendary story from Persia about an Arab sailor during the Abbasid Caliphate who has numerous fantastic adventures during his voyages throughout the seas east of Africa and south of Asia.





7. http://en.wikipedia.org/Satan

http://en.wikipedia.org/God Supreme Being was a concept that according to some scholars was likely first introduced to humanity as Ahura-Mazda, `The Ultimate Good` who is the Universal God of all mankind, by the Iranian or better known in Western literature as Persian prophet Zoroaster, whose monotheistic view of religion would later influence Judeo-Christian beliefs.




8. http://en.wikipedia.org/Angel


Introduction to Angel

An angel is an ethereal being found in many religions, whose duties are to assist and serve God or the gods. Most scholars now believe that humanity was first introduced to angelology as well as demonology, by the Iranian (Persian) prophet Zoroaster, through The Persian Empire, that would later influence Judeo-Christian beliefs .




9. http://en.wikipedia.org/Devil

Many scholars believe humanity was first introduced to angelology as well as The Devil and demonology, by the Iranian (Persian) prophet Zoroaster that would later single-handedly influence Judeo-Christian beliefs. This is discussed in more detail below.



10. http://en.wikipedia.org/One_thousand_and_one_nights


Section, History During the reign of the Arab Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 8th century, Baghdad had become an important cosmopolitan city. Merchants from Persia (Iran), China, India, Africa, and Europe were all found in Baghdad. It was during this time that many of the stories, which were originally folk stories, are thought to have been collected orally over many years and later then compiled into a single book.

The nucleus of the stories is formed by an old Persian book called Hazâr Afsâna ('Thousand Myths', Persian: ??????????). The later compiler and translator into Arabic is reputedly storyteller Abu abd-Allah Muhammed el-Gahshigar in the 9th century. The frame story of Shahrazad seems to have been added in the 14th century. The first modern Arabic compilation, made out of Egyptian writings, was published in Cairo in 1835. 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/Al_Khwarizmi

Make sure no one changes Al Khwarizmi’s birthplace from Persia to Arabia



12. http://en.wikipedia.org/Al_Biruni

Make sure no one changes Al-Biruni`s birthplace from Persia to Arabia.



13. http://en.wikipedia.org/Avicenna


Make sure no one changes Avicenna’s birthplace from Persia to Arabia.


14. http://en.wikipedia.org/Summum_bonum

Summum bonum (greatest or supreme good) was a concept first introduced to humanity as Ahura-Mazda, `The Ultimate Good` who is the Universal God of all mankind, by the Iranian or better known in Western literature as Persian prophet Zoroaster, whose monotheistic view of religion would later heavily influence Judeo-Christian beliefs, and change the course of humanity. In Western literature, it is a neoplatonic concept attributed to the Christian God by Saint Augustine in de natura boni (399), in direct opposition to his earlier Manichaean (a religion by another Persian prophet, Mani) convictions. Augustine denies the positive existence of absolute evil, describing a world with God as the supreme good at the center, and defining different grades of evil as different stages of remoteness from that center.



Make you go to these Misplaced Pages articles and put them on your watch list. Try to invite others who agree with these edits, and get them involved, be active, be persistence; however, most of all, be factual and be respectful.


Thanks Zmmz 06:05, 28 February 2006 (UTC)