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	'''Duke or Duchess San Donato''' ({{It}}:'''Duca o Duchessa di San Donato''') is a noble title, created in 1602 by the Spanish King ] for the ]<ref>Granted to Don Scipione "junior" Sanseverino, of the ancient Barons of Calvera, by ], on 29 September 1612 in ] (Spain). See: Atienza y Navajas, Julio de; Barón de Cobos de Belchite, ''Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas'', in: "Nobiliario español, Diccionario heraldico de apellidos españoles y de títulos nobiliarios", Madrid 1954, p. 1039-: "Duques - San Donato - A Escipión Sanseverino. Valladolid, 29 de septiembre de 1602"</ref>., founded by the ] and ], direct descendants of the ], ''First Princes of the Kingdom of Naples'', powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated an enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. The title of 'Duke or Duchess of San Donato' was created with succession according to Spanish nobiliary law<ref>With on February 22nd, 2009, the ''Cronista Rey de Armas'' of '''' recognized and registered in the ''Registro Noble '' all the titles granted to the present and 13° Duca di San Donato don Marco Lupis Macedonio Palermo di Santa Margherita and with a subsequent , registered the Grand Arm of the present duke in the ''Registro de Armas'' , with ().</ref> (See		'''Duke or Duchess San Donato''' ({{It}}:'''Duca o Duchessa di San Donato''') is a noble title, created in 1602 by the Spanish King ] for the ]<ref>Granted to Don Scipione "junior" Sanseverino, of the ancient Barons of Calvera, by ], on 29 September 1612 in ] (Spain). See: Atienza y Navajas, Julio de; Barón de Cobos de Belchite, ''Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas'', in: "Nobiliario español, Diccionario heraldico de apellidos españoles y de títulos nobiliarios", Madrid 1954, p. 1039-: "Duques - San Donato - A Escipión Sanseverino. Valladolid, 29 de septiembre de 1602"</ref>., founded by the ] and ], direct descendants of the ], ''First Princes of the Kingdom of Naples'', powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated an enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. The title of 'Duke or Duchess of San Donato' was created with succession according to Spanish nobiliary law<ref>With on February 22nd, 2009, the ''Cronista Rey de Armas'' of '''' recognized and registered in the ''Registro Noble '' all the titles granted to the present and 13° Duca di San Donato don Marco Lupis Macedonio Palermo di Santa Margherita and with a subsequent , registered the Grand Arm of the present duke in the ''Registro de Armas'' , with ().</ref> (See

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Duke or Duchess San Donato (Template:It:Duca o Duchessa di San Donato) is a noble title, created in 1602 by the Spanish King Philip III for the Sanseverino dynasty., founded by the Princes of Bisignano and Princes of Salerno, direct descendants of the Norman Kings, First Princes of the Kingdom of Naples, powerful feudal lords who acted as real owners of the region. They accumulated an enormous political and administrative power and attracted artists and men of letters in their own princely palace. The title of 'Duke or Duchess of San Donato' was created with succession according to Spanish nobiliary law (See Nobiliary Regulations in Spain)

The Dukes of San Donato hold a number of other titles, as set out below, included in the Almanach de Gotha and the Almanach of de Holy Roman Empire.

The present seat of the Duke of San Donato is Palazzo Lupis-de Luna d'Aragona in Grotteria, in the Region of Calabria and south of Naples (in Italy), although the title refers to the fortress town of San Donato, now San Donato di Ninea in the far north of the Region.

Ancestry

HE The Duke of San Donato is descended from the Sanseverino, who held the noble title of Prince of Bisignano, and were a celebrated family of Kingdom of Naples in South Italy. The ancestors of the Sanseverino Princes include several cardinals, Viceroy of Naples, three saints, and both generals and admirals of Naples and other states. The Norman count Turgisio was the first to bear the name 'Sanseverino' or 'di Sanseverino', attributed to his control of the fief of Sanseverino

In the 14th Century, the Sanseverino were Princes of Salerno.

Other Titles

The Dukes or Duchesses of San Donato have historically held the following titles:

Duke of San Donato, (granted to Don Scipione "junior" Sanseverino, of the ancient Barons of Calvera, by Philip III of Spain, on 29 September 1612 in Valladolid (Spain).
File:Isidoro Lupis.JPG
Portrait of HE the Marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona (1781–1853), Duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri, husband of Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori. (Collection in the Lupis-de Luna d'Aragona Palace in Grotteria, Italy, current seat of the Duke and Duchess of San Donato)

*Duke of Grottolelle, originally "Grotta Castagnara" (granted to HE Don Scipone I Macedonio, by Philip IV of Spain, 4 June 1646), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, Duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv)

Marquis of Ruggiano, (granted to HE don Giovan Vincenzo Macedonio, by King of Spain, 16 November 1629), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv) .
Marquis of Oliveto, (granted to HE Don Scipone I Macedonio, by Philip IV of Spain, 4 June 1646), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Marquis of Tortora, (granted to HE Don Annibale Macedonio, 1597, confirmed on 27 April 1624), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv) .
Marquis of Soragna "'per antico possesso" (granted to Don Bonifacio de Lupis, 8 August 712)
Count and Knight of the Holy Roman Empire (granted to Don Orazio and don Giulio de Lupis, by Leopold of Austria, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, 9 January 1683) (See Almanach of de Holy Roman Empire; Diploma d'investitura dell'Imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero alla casata Lupis )
Count Palatine (granted to Don Orazio and don Giulio de Lupis, by Leopold of Austria, Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, 9 January 1683) (See Diploma d'investitura dell'Imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero alla casata Lupis )

Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (granted to Don Ferrante Lupis, 11 June 1595)
Baron of Poligori, (granted to HE Don Leonardo Macedonio, by Don Giuseppe d"Aragona de Ayerbis 1666), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, duke of Grottolelle "maritali nomine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Baron of Calvera, (granted to Don Ercole Sanseverino, Lord of Calvera and Patrician of Naples of Counts of Tricarico and Chiaromonte, husband of Donna Egidia di Calvera, Lady of Calvera.
Baron of the Corrjia of Badolato and Baron of Amato. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Rosa Amato de Luna d'Aragona, wife of marquis Don Fortunato Lupis Palermo di Santa Margherita (1705–1773), 4th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri.
Hereditary Patrician of Giovinazzo Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through the Marquises Lupis family
Hereditary Patrician of Amantea Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through the Barons Amato family.
Hereditary Patrician of Messina Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Dorotea Palermo of Santa Margherita, wife of marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle, 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Hereditary Patrician of Antiochia Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Dorotea Palermo of Santa Margherita, wife of marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle, 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Feudal Lord of Grotteria, with Siderno and annexed lands (1365), and half of the fief of Ragusia (today Gioiosa Jonica) (1316). Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through donna Francesca de Luna d'Aragona.
Lord of Nisida Island (in the Gulf of Naples), (granted to HE Don Giovanni Vincenzo Macedonio, 1st marquis of Ruggiano, 1624), with primogeniture succession. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Lauretana Macedonio, 7th Duchess of Grottolelle and 8th Baroness of Poligori, wife of marquis Don Isidoro Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona, Duke of Grottolelle "maritali nonine", 7th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Noble of Princes of Santa Margherita and Santo Stefano, (title granted to Don Giovanni V Palermo and Arezzo 10th Baron and 1st Prince of Santa Margherita and Santo Stefano, by Philip V of Spain on 9 November 1708 in Madrid). Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Dorotea Palermo of Santa Margherita, wife of marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle, 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Noble of Marquises of Calorendi. Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Dorotea Palermo of Santa Margherita, wife of marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle, 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Noble of Barons of Martini, Mili, Capodarso, Bulgarano etc, . Title inherited by descent to the San Donato Dukes through Donna Dorotea Palermo of Santa Margherita, wife of marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle, 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri (qv).
Noble of Holy Roman Empire (granted to Don Francesco Lupis, by the Emperor of Holy Roman Empire, 3 August 1721).

Note: the Ducal title of San Donato and most of the subsidiary titles of the Dukes of San Donato were granted in the peerage of the Kings of Spain, as rulers of the Kingdom of Naples which was subject to their viceroys. These titles have subsequently been recognized, firstly within the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and secondly within the Kingdom of Italy.

Titles granted by the Kings of Spain, having dominion over Naples and other territories, are eligible for recognition by the Spanish throne and subject to the terms of their original grant.

Arms

Grand Arms: the separate arms described below both trace the descent of the San Donato ducal title, and include arms brought to the family with an additional title (marked *) through marriage alliances. These quarterings combine to form the 'Grand Arms' of the Dukes or Duchess of the day.

Macedonio (Naples)- vaiato of argent and azur, a red-rampant lion, coronet of a Dukes (Grottolelle*).

Sanseverino (Naples)- bendy gules and argent; coronet of a Dukes (San Donato). Augmentation of Honor as Grand Seneschal of the Kingdom of Naples.

Lupis (Grotteria)- azur, two counter-rampant wolves holding a red heart; coronet of a Marquis (Soragna)*).

MOTTO: VINCERE SCIT ET PARCERE VICTIS"

Palermo (Sicily)- coronet of a Prince (Santa Margherita and Santo Stefano*).

Simple Arms: instead of their 'Grand Arms', the Dukes have sometimes preferred to use simpler arms. So, the arms of the most recent San Donato heiress (the 13th Dukes) and her alliance in marriage are currently used (thus, quartering Lupis with Macedonio for 'Lupis Macedonio').

Representation of Coronets: please note that coats of arms depicted in this article obey a convention with respect to coronets, for consistency of illustration. In several cases the coronet corresponding with a rank would be different if shown according to current Spanish or Italian convention. Moreover, some forms of Spanish or Italian coronet have altered over the centuries since the creation of certain titles, and indeed varied further in some cases by area or city-state.

Since the earliest feudal title granted to the immediate ancestors of the Dukes was recognized from 1557 by Philip II of Spain, who was King of England as consort to Mary I, the convention has been followed of showing coronets as used for the same rank in England. An exception has been made in the case of the rank of 'Prince', where Spanish and Holy Roman Empire coronets have been preferred since there is no acceptable English proxy.

Residences

Wiev of the Library of Lupis-de Luna d'Aragona-Sanseverino Palace in Grotteria, Calabria, Italy, current seat of the Duke and Duchess of San Donato

The current seat of the Dukes of San Donato is Palazzo Lupis - de Luna d'Aragona - Sanseverino, at Grotteria, in Calabria, south of Naples. The de Luna d'Aragona family acquired the lands surrounding Grotteria and constructed the Palazzo in 1433, incorporating pre-existing buildings, including the "cripta" of the ancient Church of Sant'Antonio. They held the feudality of Grotteria to the end of the 14th century. Through the families Amato, hereditary Patrician of Amantea, and de Manso-Infusini, Marquises of Villa, the Palazzo descended directly to the current Duke of San Donato, including the Lupis estates: on the Palace facade can be seen the coat of arms of the Marquises Lupis, dukes of San Donato and barons of Castania and Cuzzoghieri, join to the one of Barons Amato and Marquises de Manso-Infusini.

Succession of the Dukes and Duchesses of San Donato

The Dukedom of San Donato was granted to the Sanseverino family, Barons of Càlvera and Princes of Bisignano until the last duchess Anna, who died at the age of 9 on 1654, 3rd Duchess of San Donato

On 17 January 1759 the San Donato ducal title was transferred by "testament" from the 4th duke of San Donato, don Mario Sanseverino di Càlvera, to her unique daughter, donna Vittoria Sanseverino di Càlvera, 5th Duchess of San Donato and then, in marriage to the di Leo family, who held the subsidiary titles of Barons.

di Leo - Sanseverino (1759)

HE Don Francesco di Leo Sanseverino 6th Duke of San Donato. Married 29 May 1621, Donna Anna Colombo and through the "public Act" signed by Don Mario Sanseverino 4th Duke of San Donato, he became unique heir and inherited the San Donato title as 6th Duke of San Donato. Their unique daughter was Donna Chiara di Leo Sanseverino, 7th Duchess of San Donato, 10° Baroness of Policastrello, 6th Baroness of Roggiano, 11th Baroness of Càlvera. Married don Alfonso chevalier Pacelli, who hold the subsidiary title of Baron of Balvano.

Pacelli - di Leo - Sanseverino (1775–1859)

HE Donna Marianna Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 8th duchess of San Donato, 11th Baroness of Policastrello, 7th Baroness of Roggiano, 12th Baroness of Càlvera who also hold the title of Baroness of Balvano, Married 30 June 1613 don Francesco Antonio del Mercato, 12th Baron della Foresta del Cilento, 4th Baron of Rutino and Monteforte, 15th Baron of Giungano, Lord of dé Mattarellis etc.

del Mercato - Pacelli - di Leo - Sanseverino (1823–1888)

HE Don Valerio del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera 9th duke of San Donato, holding also the title of 5th Baron of Rutino and Monteforte, 12th Baron of Policastrello, 8th Baron of Roggiano, 13th Baron of Càlvera, 13th Baron della Foresta del Cilento, 16th Baron of Giungano etc. His right to the Ducal title of San Donato was granted and confirmed by the Kings of Italy with "Regio Decreto" on 5 October 1888. Inherited the ducal title his daughter, Donna Maria Antonia, 10th Duchess of San Donato. Married the nobleman don Pasquale Lebano.

Lebano - del Mercato - Pacelli - di Leo - Sanseverino (1899–1970)

HE Don Raffaele Lebano del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 11th Duke of San Donato, holding also the titles of 14th Baron of Policastrello, 10th Baron of Roggiano, 15th Baron of Càlvera, 15th Baron della Foresta del Cilento, 18th Baron of Giungano, 7th Baron of Rutino and Monteforte etc.. Married donna Emilia Carucci Capone, baroness of Acernise and the Ducal title of San Donato was inherited by her daughter, donna Marina Lebano Carucci del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 12th duchess of San Donato.

Lebano - Carucci - del Mercato - Pacelli - di Leo - Sanseverino (1930–2003)

HE Donna Marina Lebano Carucci del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera 12th Duchess of San Donato, inherit the title and Married in 1953 the marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita de Luna d'Aragona, who hold the titles of 11th Duke of Grottolelle, 12th Baron of Poligori, 11th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri, hereditary Patrician of Giovinazzo etc.

Style and forms of address

The Dukes and Duchesses San Donato's eldest son (or eldest daughter, in the absence of sons, and with permission from the head of the family) may use the courtesy title Marquess or Marchioness of Ruggiano, whilst the eldest son (or eldest daughter, in the absence of sons, and with permission from the head of the family) of that heir may use the title Baron or Baroness of Càlvera.

Styles of The Duke and Duchess of San Donato

Reference style	His/Her Excellency
Spoken style	Your Excellency
Alternative style	Duke or Duchess

As Spanish and Neapolitan Dukes, The Dukes and Duchesses San Donato are correctly styled and addressed as follows:

On Envelope

HE The Duke of San Donato, HE The Duchess of San Donato, TE The Duke and Duchess of San Donato

Salutation in Letter

Your Excellency, Your Excellencies, Dear Duke, Dear Duchess, or where familiar Dear Don or Donna

Oral Address

Excellency, Excellencies, Duke, Duchess, or where familiar Don or Donna

Ancestry

Family of Duke of San Donato

16. Marquis Don Orazio III Lupis Macedonio, 8th Duke of Grottolelle, 8th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri

8. Marquis Don Giovanni III Lupis Macedonio Guerrisi, 9th Duke of Grottolelle; 9th Baron of Castania and Cuzzoghieri; 10th baron of Poligori

17. Donna Clementina Guerrisi Floccari, Noble of Cinquefrondi and Barletta

4. Marquis General Don Orazio IV Lupis Macedonio Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita, 10th Duke of Grottolelle

18.

9. Baronness Donna Dorotea Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita, of Marquises of Calorendi

19. Baroness Donna Rosa Macedonio of Dukes of Grottolelle, Baroness of Poligori

2. Marquis Don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita, 11th Duke of Grottolelle

20. Don Francesco Maria Cipriani, hereditary Patrician of Nicotera

10. Don Orazio Cipriani, hereditary Patrician of Nicotera; Grand'Ufficiale dell'Ordine di San Silvestro

21. Donna Lucrezia Corso of Counts of Istria Romano, hereditary Patrician of Nicotera

5. Donna Giulia Cipriani, hereditary Patrician of Nicotera

22. Don Orazio Gabriele Minervini, Noble of Mormanno; Medaglia d'oro di San Giorgio

11. donna Clelia Francesca Paola Minervini, Noble of Mormanno

23. Donna Antonia Irene Genoese, hereditary Patrician of Reggio Calabria

1. Marquis don Marco Lupis Macedonio Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita, 13th Duke of San Donato

24. Don Raffaele Lebano, Noble of Lustra Cilento

12. don Pasquale Lebano, Noble of Lustra Cilento

25. donna Diomida Celio

6. Don Raffaele Lebano del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 11th Duke of San Donato

26. Don Valerio del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 9th duke of San Donato

13. Donna Maria Antonia del Mercato - Pacelli - di Leo - Sanseverino (1823–1888), 10th Duchess of San Donato

27. Donna Vittoria Verando

3. Donna Marina Lebano Carucci del Mercato Pacelli di Leo Sanseverino di Càlvera, 12th Duchess of San Donato

28. Don Pasquale Carucci, 9th Baron of Acernise

14. Don Carlo Carucci, 10th Baron of Acernise

29. Donna Modestina delli Bovi, Noble of Olevano

7. Donna Emilia Carucci Capone, baroness of Acernise

30. Don Vincenzo Capone, Noble of Olevano, Major of Salerno

15. Donna Virginia Capone, Noble of Olevano

31. Donna Teresa Errico o d'Errico

Notes

Granted to Don Scipione "junior" Sanseverino, of the ancient Barons of Calvera, by Philip III of Spain, on 29 September 1612 in Valladolid (Spain). See: Atienza y Navajas, Julio de; Barón de Cobos de Belchite, Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas, in: "Nobiliario español, Diccionario heraldico de apellidos españoles y de títulos nobiliarios", Madrid 1954, p. 1039-: "Duques - San Donato - A Escipión Sanseverino. Valladolid, 29 de septiembre de 1602"
With Decreto Capitolare n. 901 on February 22nd, 2009, the Cronista Rey de Armas of Colegio Heráldico Antoniano de Lisboa recognized and registered in the Registro Noble all the titles granted to the present and 13° Duca di San Donato don Marco Lupis Macedonio Palermo di Santa Margherita and with a subsequent Decree n. 902, registered the Grand Arm of the present duke in the Registro de Armas , with legal validity in Spain and Portugal (Full text of both Decree - in spanish).
Turgisio, most noble Norman knight, came to the kingdom at the time of Robert Guiscard duke of Apulia, by whom he was made Count of Sanseverino. In 1084, as stated in the diplomas of la Cava, he was already count and he adopted as his surname the term "of Sanseverino". Luca Sanseverino in 1485 became prince of Bisignano, the feud that he bought for the sum of 22 thousand ducats. Girolamo II, prince of Bisignano, who with other barons was murdered in 1487. Girolamo's wife was Bandella Gaetana, and from them were born Bernardino and others. In 1495, Ferdinando I of Aragon returned the feuds to the rebellious barons; but the house of Sanseverino did not get them back until 1505. The reintegration by means of the royal commissioner Lavalle, in favor of the prince Pietro Antonio Sanseverino was made in 1546. Bernardino III, prince, married Dianora Piccolomini and had Pietro Antonio, 11th count of Tricarico, 4th prince of Bisignano, the same who received with such splendor in his estates the emperor Charles V, when he came back from Algiers, and received the Golden Fleece. Pietro Antonio married a second time, to Evina (sic) Castriota and from this marriage originated: Nicolò Bernardino, 10th count of Tricarico, 5th prince of Bisignano, who joined in marriage the daughter of the Duke of Urbino, Isabella della Rovere, from whom he had only one son, Francesco Teodoro, who preceded his father in death at age 14 years and in a saintly manner. After the death of Nicolò Bernardino, there were no other descendants, so the direct line of the princes of Bisignano became extinct with him, leaving the following feuds, according to Scipione Ammirato: In Calabria, Bisignano - S. Marco - Cassano - Strongoli - Corigliano - Castrovillari - Acri - Altomonte - La Regina - Saracino - San Donato - Malvito - Luzzi - Rose - Ruggiano - Tarsia - Terranova - Casalnuovo - Trebisaccia - Morano - Mormanno - Abate Marco - Grisolia - Belvedere - Sanguinetto - Bonifati e S. Agata - 12 in Basilicata - 3 in Terra d'Otranto, in all 41! The death without heirs of Nicolò Bernardino, last prince of Bisignano, originated a fierce litigation in the Sacred Royal Council, among the many pretenders to his estates. The king Philip IV granted them to Luigi Sanseverino, count of Saponara, (except S. Marco and Castrovillari, which with a royal decree he gave to the Duke of Gravina) a very distant cousin, referring to an old "privilegio" accorded and confirmed many times to the Sanseverino by the Kings of Naples, stated that only the male heirs can inherit titles and fiefs. ""in quantumcunque remotus etiam decimo et ulteriori gradu ex quacumque linea trasversali, adscendenti seu descendenti... Et inter ipsos de cognomine de Sancto Severino progenitura et gradus servatur...".
See: Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas, . p. 1039-, "Duques - San Donato - A Escipión Sanseverino. Valladolid, 29 de septiembre de 1602"
The present duke obtained a recogniction from the Italian Authorities ("Con sentenza del Consiglio di Stato n. 515 del 3 giu. 1997 e successivo decreto del Ministro di Grazia e Giustizia dell' 11 feb. 1998") of his right to use surnames and titles of the noble families Macedonio (dukes of Grottolelle, marquises of Ruggiano, Tortora etc, as indicated) and Palermo (princes of Santa Margherita and Santo Stefano etc, as indicated), in force of the fact, recognized by Italian authorities, that he is the unique descendant of those noble families, because donna Lauretana Macedonio, (1797 - 1838) 7th duchess of Grottolelle etc. - that was the last of the Macedonio family and his paternal direct ancestor - married the marquis don Isidoro II Lupis Manso Amato de Luna d'Aragona (1781 - 1853). The couple got the marquis don Orazio III Lupis Macedonio (b. 1830), (married to donna Clementina Guerrisi Floccari, b. 1832) from when the marquis don Giovanni Lupis Macedonio (1865 - 1936), married to donna Dorotea Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita and Santo Stefano (1863 - 1936) - her too the last of the Palermo prince of Santa Margherita family - and from that couple born the marquis don Orazio IV Lupis Macedonio Palermo di Santa Margherita (1892–1962) , General of the Italian Army, and grand-father of the present duke of San Donato, the marquis don Marco Lupis Macedonio Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita (1960- ).
See: Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas. p. 1039-, "Marqués - Ruggiano - A Aníbal Macedonio. Madrid, 16 de noviembre de 1629 "
^ See note nbr. 7
See: Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas. p. 1039-, "Marqués - Tortura (sic) - A Aníbal Macedinio (sic). Madrid, 27 de abril de 1624"
^ "Diploma d'investitura dell'Imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero alla casata Lupis". StaatArchive (Vienna, Austria). 1683. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); External link in |accessdate= (help)
After the death of the last direct duchess of San Donato, Anna Sanseverino (at the age of 9), the Crown of Naples sold the fief only (not including the title) of San Donato, to the Ametrano family. But Mario Sanseverino, the nearest cousin of duchess Anna, claimed it for himself, referring to an old "privilegio" accorded and confirmed many times to the Sanseverino by the Kings of Naples stated that only the male heirs can inherit titles and fiefs. ""in quantumcunque remotus etiam decimo et ulteriori gradu ex quacumque linea trasversali, adscendenti seu descendenti... Et inter ipsos de cognomine de Sancto Severino progenitura et gradus servatur..." . This genealogy is fully documented, and with "Regio Decreto" on 5 October 1888, those rights were recognized by the former Kingdom of Italy. (see: "Genealogia di Ercole Sanseverino, barone di Càlvera, e suoi discendenti", Napoli 1902, and "Illustrazioni dell'albero genealogico della famiglia Cianci di Leo Sanseverino", Napoli 1906) Those facts originated two legal claims for the San Donato title, both legal and recognized. One referring to the Ametrano-Sambiase descendants, that BOUGHT the land/fief and obtained a NEW title, without any "blood" relation with the Sanseverino. And another referring to the (Mario) Sanseverino-del Mercato-Lebano descendants, that INHERITED the original feudal title by direct "blood" connection with the Sanseverino. But the "anomaly" stated below, were "resolved" in favor of the last line of succession (Sanseverino-del Mercato-Lebano) because of the death, without children, of the last representant of the first line of succession (Ametrano-Sambiase), don Ladislao Sambiase Sanseverino, duke of Malvito and prince of Bonifati, born in Naples 14 February 1881 (and succeeded to his brother Paolo + 7 February 1929), who had no children from his marriage to Margherita Nardi (see "Libro d'oro della Nobiltà Italiana", ediz. XX, vol. XXII, 1990–1994, pag. 538 and Libro d'oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea, on web)
Baron Don Nicodemo II Palermo of Princes of Santa Margherita

Sources

Elenco dei Titolati Italiani, Firenze, 2008, "Famiglia Lupis Macedonio Palermo di Santa Margherita", pp. 222–226 (on-line too).
F. Capecelatro, "Diario contenente la storia delle cose avvenute nel Reame di Napoli negli anni 1647-1650. Ora per la prima volta messo a stampa sul manoscritto originale con l’aggiunta di varii documenti per la più parte inediti ed annotazioni del Marchese Angelo Granito". Napoli, 1850-1854.
N. Cianci di Leo Sanseverino, Genealogia di Ercole Sanseverino, barone di Calvera, e suoi discendenti, Napoli 1902
N. Cianci di Leo Sanseverino, Illustrazioni dell'albero genealogico della famiglia Cianci di Leo Sanseverino, Napoli 1906.
N. Cianci di Leo Sanseverino, Nuove illustrazioni dell'albero genealogico della famiglia Cianci di Leo Sanseverino. Napoli, Morano, 1902.
P. Guelfi Camajani, Dizionario Araldico, Milano, 1940 (reprint Hoepli, 1982) pag. 576
M. Lupis M. P. di S. Margherita, Successione del titolo ducale di San Donato e Policastrello, in "Studi e Fonti Storiche della Società Genealogica Italiana", 2006–2008, on-line too
B. Mazzilli, Cenni Storici su Calvera (ed. Dedalo libri), Bari, 1980.
M. Pellicano Castagna I Sanseverino di San Donato, in "Studi Meridionali - Rivista trimestrale di studi sull'Italia Centromeridionale", Roma, Gennaio 1977, pag. 9
A. Rivelli, Memorie storiche della città di Campagna, reprint Forni, Bologna, 2002
G. Azzarà, I Sanseverino Conti di Potenza e di Saponara, in “Rivista trimestrale di studi sull'Italia Centromeridionale”, Roma, 1975 - fascicolo III-IV.
Atienza y Navajas, Julio de; Barón de Cobos de Belchite,Títulos nobiliarios concedidos por Monarcas españoles en Nápoles existentes en el archivo general de Simancas, in: "Nobiliario español, Diccionario heraldico de apellidos españoles y de títulos nobiliarios", Madrid 1954, p. 1039–1043.
F. von Lobstein, Note per una storia della Famiglia Lupis, in "Rivista Araldica", lug-sett.1986, pp. 129–134
Rivista Nobiliare, Anno III, n. 1, pag. 6, 2008
Fascicolo “Cianci di Leo Sanseverino”, n. 1380, Archivio della ex Consulta Araldica del Regno d’Italia, Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Roma Eur
Regia Udienza Provinciale di Catanzaro, Lettera S, fasc. 950, Anno 1762, in Arch. di Stato di Catanzaro, (in deposito temporaneo presso Arch. di Stato di Lamezia Terme)
Archivio di Stato di Napoli, Real Camera di S. Chiara, Pretensori di cadetti (serie XXXV), vol. 52, inc. 70. "Supplica di don Orazio Sanseverino"
Archivio privato dei Baroni del Mercato, "Fondo Pacelli - Sanseverino", Busta 18, fascicoli 1-14; Carte Pacelli, Sanseverino, de Leo, Campanino pervenute in famiglia a seguito del matrimonio tra Francesco Antonio del Mercato e Marianna Pacelli.
Archivio di Stato di Salerno, "Fondo Notarile", Notai del Distretto di Campagna (SA), busta 680

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