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{{morefootnotes|date=March 2011}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} {|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image {{Infobox ship image
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|Ship namesake=] |Ship namesake=]
|Ship owner=] (1866-1870) |Ship owner=] (1866-1870)
|Ship operator=] (1866-1891, also became owner from 1870 onwards |Ship operator=] (1866-1891, also became owner from 1870 onwards)
|Ship registry= |Ship registry=
|Ship route=London to Sydney (1867-1871)<br />London to Melbourne (1871-1891) |Ship route=London to Sydney (1867-1871)<br />London to Melbourne (1871-1891)
|Ship ordered= |Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=] |Ship builder=]
|Ship original cost= |Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=239 |Ship yard number=239
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|Ship launched=November 1866 |Ship launched=November 1866
|Ship completed= |Ship completed=
|Ship maiden voyage=1867 |Ship maiden voyage=9 September 1866 to 4 February 1867
|Ship in service=1867 |Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=1891 |Ship out of service=January 1891
|Ship identification= |Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Sold to Government of New South Wales in 1891, sold to Australian federal government in 1911 |Ship fate=Sold to Government of New South Wales in 1891, sold to Australian federal government in 1911
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|Ship namesake= |Ship namesake=
|Ship acquired=1911 |Ship acquired=1911
|Ship commissioned=1911 |Ship commissioned=25 April 1912
|Ship decommissioned=1927 |Ship decommissioned=30 June 1927
|Ship honours= |Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Scuttled off Sydney in 1941 |Ship fate=Broken up in 1941
|Ship notes= |Ship notes=
}} }}
{{Infobox ship characteristics {{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship displacement=2,131 ] |Ship tonnage={{GRT|2,131}}
|Ship length={{Convert|272|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} |Ship length={{convert|317|ft|abbr=on}} ]<br />{{Convert|272|ft|abbr=on}} ]
|Ship beam={{Convert|40|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{Convert|40|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{Convert|27|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship draught={{Convert|16|ft|abbr=on}} mean
|Ship hold depth={{convert|27|ft}}
|Ship propulsion= |Ship propulsion=
|Ship sail plan={{convert|2|acre}} sail area
|Ship speed=
|Ship speed=Up to {{convert|16|kn}}
|Ship range= |Ship range=
|Ship complement=250 passengers; 60-70 crew (as ''Sobraon'') |Ship capacity=90 first class and 40 second class passengers (as ''Sobraon'')<br />250 trainees (as ''Tingira'')
|Ship crew=69 (as ''Sobraon'')
|Ship armament= |Ship armament=
|Ship armour= |Ship armour=
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}} }}
|} |}
'''HMAS ''Tingira''''' was a naval ] of the ] (RAN) between 1911 and 1927. The ship was built in Scotland by ] in 1866 as the ] '''''Sobraon'''''. She sailed on an annual run between England and Australia until 1891, when she was sold to the ] for use as a reformatory ]. The ship was then sold to the federal government in 1911, and entered RAN service. ''Tingira'' was scuttled off ] in 1941. She was the largest ] ever built.<ref name=bruzelius>{{cite web| url = http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Ships/Merchant/Sail/S/Sobraon(1866).html| first = Lars| last = Bruzelius| title = Sobraon|year=1997| publisher = The Maritime History Virtual Archives: Ships|accessdate=2011-03-05}}</ref> '''HMAS ''Tingira''''' was a ] operated by the ] (RAN) between 1911 and 1927. The ship was built in Scotland by ] in 1866 as the ] '''''Sobraon'''''; the largest ] ever built. She sailed on an annual migration run between England and Australia until 1891, when she was sold to the ] for use as a reformatory ship. The vessel was was then sold to the federal government in 1911, and entered RAN service. ''Tingira'' was paid off in 1927, but despite efforts to preserve the ship, was ] in 1941.

==Design and construction==
The ship had a tonnage value of {{GRT|2,131}}.<ref name=Bastock63>Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 63</ref> She was {{convert|317|ft}} in ] and {{Convert|272|ft}} long ], with a beam of {{Convert|40|ft}}, and a mean draught of {{Convert|16|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Bastock63/> The vessel was designed as a combination steam-sail ship, but plans to integrate a steam-powered propulsion system were cancelled while the ship was being built.<ref name=Bastock63/> Under full sail, ''Sobraon'' could use up to {{convert|2|acre}} of sail, and could achieve {{convert|16|kn}}.<ref name=Bastock63/> The ship's hold was {{convert|27|ft}}, and there was provision for livestock.<ref name=Bastock63/> The hull was of composite construction - teak planking over an iron frame.<ref name=Bastock63/> ''Sobraon'' was the largest ] ever built.<ref name=Bastock63/>

''Sobraon'' was built by ] at ], Scotland.<ref name=Bastock63/> She was given the yard number 239.<ref name=AberdeenShips>''Sobraon'', in ''Aberdeen Ships Database''</ref> The ship, named after the ], was launched in November 1866.<ref name=Bastock63/><ref name=AberdeenShips/>


==Operational history== ==Operational history==
===''Sobraon''=== ===''Sobraon''===
The ship was built for ], but was initially operated by the firm ], who purchased the vessel in 1870.<ref name=AberdeenShips/><ref name=Bastock64>Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 64</ref> ''Sobraon'' was used on the England to Australia migration route, and made one trip per year, departing England in September,<ref name=Bastock63/><ref name=AberdeenShips/> The maiden voyage departed England on 9 September 1866 and reaching Australia on 4 February 1867.<ref name=Bastock63/> Initially, voyages ended in Sydney, but from 1872 onwards, ''Sobraon'' began sailing to Melbourne instead.<ref name=AberdeenShips/> The ship's high speed, along with onboard facilities like a water condenser, {{convert|3|t|adj=on}} ice chamber, and fresh milk daily from onboard livestock, made ''Sobraon'' one of the more popular migration ships.<ref name=Bastock63/> On the first three return voyages, ''Sobraon'' would take on a cargo of Indian tea and race other ships back to England to deliver the first cargo.<ref name=Bastock64/> After the third voyage, the ship was instead loaded with cargoes of Australian wheat and wool for the return leg.<ref name=Bastock64/>
The ship was laid down at Alexander Hall & Sons shipyard in ] with yard number 239, and was launched in November 1866. The ], named ''Sobraon'' after the 1846 ], was of composite construction; teak hull plating on an iron frame. The ship's crew complement was 69, and she could carry up to 90 first class, 49 second class, and 111 other passengers. ''Sobraon'' had been ordered by ], and remained under their ownership until 1870, when she was purchased by the operator, ].<ref name=Aberdeen1>{{web cite| title=Sobraon |url=http://www.aberdeenships.com/single.asp?offset=2380&index=100160| publisher = Aberdeen Built Ships|accessdate=2011-03-05}}</ref>


] ]
On 14 October 1890, ''Sobraon'' sailed on her final voyage to Australia.<ref name=Bastock64/> She reached Melbourne on 4 January 1891, was sold later that month to the ], then towed to Sydney.<ref name=Bastock64/> In the hands of the colony's government, ''Sobraon'' was assigned to the State Welfare Department and refitted for use as a ], where delinquent boys were trained in the skills for a maritime career.<ref name=Bastock64/> Moored off ] and operated under the designation "Nautical School Ship ''Sobraon''", over 4,000 boys were hosted and trained across a 20-year period.<ref name=Bastock64/>
''Sobraon'' sailed between ] and ] from 1867 to 1871, departing once a year in September for the best weather, then returning via ] and ]. Her fastest time on the Sydney run was 73 days. From 1871 to 1891, her route destination was changed to ]: her fastest journey on the new run was 68 days. ''Sobraon'' was noted for her speed and comfort, and was popular with both passengers and crew. Her second captain, ], served from 1869 to 1891. Famous passengers included ] on his journey out to assume the ] in 1867; and ] on his journey to assume the ] in 1868.

In 1891, the clipper ended her sea-going career. She was sold to the ], and became a reformatory ship anchored in ].


===HMAS ''Tingira''=== ===HMAS ''Tingira''===
The ] purchased the ship in 1911 for use as a ] for the fledgling ], renaming her HMAS ''Tingira'', after an ] word for 'open sea'. During the fifteen years between 1912 and 1927, HMAS ''Tingira'' was berthed on a swinging mooring in ], and over 3,000 sailors were trained on board. The ] purchased the ship in 1911 for use as a ] for the fledgling ] (RAN).<ref name=Bastock64/> She was refitted, commissioned into the RAN as HMAS ''Tingira'' (an aboriginal word for "open sea") on 25 April 1912, and moored in ].<ref name=Bastock64/> Up to 250 boys between the ages of 14 1/2 and 16 could be trained at any time, although the trainee complement rarely exceeded 200.<ref name=Bastock64/> Between 1912 and 1927, 3,158 boys were trained for naval service.<ref name=Bastock64/>

] ]
''Tingira'' was scuttled at sea in 1941.


==Memorials== ==Fate==
''Tingira'' was paid off on 30 June 1927, and laid up in ].<ref name=Bastock64/> In 1929, the ship was sold to a private owner, but he did not put her to any use before passing away in 1935.<ref name=Bastock64/> ''Tingira'' was then purchased by Major Friere (a retired British Army officer) in 1936, who was working with Louisa Ankin to preserve the ship as a national relic.<ref name=Bastock65>Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 35</ref> Two years later, the ship was sold to a ] by mortgagees; Friere and Ankin attempted to repurchase the ship, but were unsuccessful.<ref name=Bastock65/> ''Tingira'' was broken up in 1941.<ref name=Bastock65/>
In 1984, ] issued a 75-cent stamp commemorating the ''Sobraon''.<ref name=stamp1>{{cite web| first=John| last=Sefton| url=http://www.shipstamps.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=10265| publisher = ShipStamps.co.uk|year=2010|accessdate=2011-03-05| title=Sobraon}}</ref>


Teenage trainees at the RAN's Junior Recruit Training Establishment (which operated at ] naval base {{HMAS|Leeuwin|naval base|6}} from 1960 to 1984) wore ]es bearing the name "Tingira" as a historical link with the training ship.<ref name=Bastock65/> Tingira Memorial Park, a small park on the Rose Bay waterfront, commemorates HMAS ''Tingira''.<ref name=MemorialPark>Woollahra Municipal Council, ''Tinigira Memorial Park''</ref> The park was established in two phases; the first opening in 1962, the second completed in 1977.<ref name=MemorialPark/>
⚫ Tingira Memorial Park, a small park on the Rose Bay waterfront, commemorates HMAS ''Tingira''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.woollahra.nsw.gov.au/services/parks/parks_and_playgrounds_by_alphabet/tingira_reserve |title=Tingira Memorial Park |accessdate=2009-02-01 |year=2009}}</ref>
{{-}}


==References== ==Citations==
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist|2}}

==References==
;Books
*{{cite book |last=Bastock |first=John |title=Australia's Ships of War |year=1975 |publisher=Angus and Robertson |location=Cremorne, NSW |isbn=0207129274 |oclc=2525523}}

;Websites
*{{cite web |title=Sobraon |url=http://www.aberdeenships.com/single.asp?searchFor=Sobraon&index=100160 |work=Aberdeen Built Ships |publisher=Aberdeen City Council |accessdate=1 November 2011}}
⚫ *{{cite web |url=http://www.woollahra.nsw.gov.au/services/parks/parks_and_playgrounds_by_alphabet/tingira_reserve |title=Tingira Memorial Park |accessdate=1 November 2011 |publisher=Woollahra Municipal Council}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Lubbock |first=Basil |title=The Colonial Clippers |publisher=Brown, Ferguson & Son |location=Glasgow |date=1948 |edition=2nd |isbn= |oclc=}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Tingira (ship, 1866)|HMAS Tingira}} {{commons category|Tingira (ship, 1866)|HMAS Tingira}}
*
*


{{DEFAULTSORT:Tingira, HMAS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tingira, HMAS}}
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Revision as of 23:02, 31 October 2011

HMAS Tingira moored in Rose Bay, Sydney in 1912HMAS Tingira moored in Rose Bay, Sydney in 1912
History
United Kingdom
NameSobraon
NamesakeBattle of Sobraon
OwnerShaw, Lowther, Maxton & Co. (1866-1870)
OperatorDevitt and Moore (1866-1891, also became owner from 1870 onwards)
Routelist error: <br /> list (help)
London to Sydney (1867-1871)
London to Melbourne (1871-1891)
BuilderAlexander Hall & Co.
Yard number239
LaunchedNovember 1866
Maiden voyage9 September 1866 to 4 February 1867
Out of serviceJanuary 1891
FateSold to Government of New South Wales in 1891, sold to Australian federal government in 1911
History
Australia
NameHMAS Tingira
Acquired1911
Commissioned25 April 1912
Decommissioned30 June 1927
FateBroken up in 1941
General characteristics
Tonnage2,131 GRT
Lengthlist error: <br /> list (help)
317 ft (97 m) overall
272 ft (83 m) between perpendiculars
Beam40 ft (12 m)
Draught16 ft (4.9 m) mean
Depth of hold27 feet (8.2 m)
Sail plan2 acres (0.81 ha) sail area
SpeedUp to 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Capacitylist error: <br /> list (help)
90 first class and 40 second class passengers (as Sobraon)
250 trainees (as Tingira)
Crew69 (as Sobraon)

HMAS Tingira was a training ship operated by the Royal Australia Navy (RAN) between 1911 and 1927. The ship was built in Scotland by Alexander Hall & Co. in 1866 as the passenger clipper Sobraon; the largest composite-hull sailing vessel ever built. She sailed on an annual migration run between England and Australia until 1891, when she was sold to the colonial government of New South Wales for use as a reformatory ship. The vessel was was then sold to the federal government in 1911, and entered RAN service. Tingira was paid off in 1927, but despite efforts to preserve the ship, was broken up in 1941.

Design and construction

The ship had a tonnage value of 2,131 GRT. She was 317 feet (97 m) in length overall and 272 feet (83 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 40 feet (12 m), and a mean draught of 16 ft (4.9 m). The vessel was designed as a combination steam-sail ship, but plans to integrate a steam-powered propulsion system were cancelled while the ship was being built. Under full sail, Sobraon could use up to 2 acres (0.81 ha) of sail, and could achieve 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). The ship's hold was 27 feet (8.2 m), and there was provision for livestock. The hull was of composite construction - teak planking over an iron frame. Sobraon was the largest composite-hull sailing vessel ever built.

Sobraon was built by Alexander Hall & Co. at Aberdeen, Scotland. She was given the yard number 239. The ship, named after the Battle of Sobraon, was launched in November 1866.

Operational history

Sobraon

The ship was built for Shaw, Lowther, Maxton & Co., but was initially operated by the firm Devitt and Moore, who purchased the vessel in 1870. Sobraon was used on the England to Australia migration route, and made one trip per year, departing England in September, The maiden voyage departed England on 9 September 1866 and reaching Australia on 4 February 1867. Initially, voyages ended in Sydney, but from 1872 onwards, Sobraon began sailing to Melbourne instead. The ship's high speed, along with onboard facilities like a water condenser, 3-tonne (3.0-long-ton; 3.3-short-ton) ice chamber, and fresh milk daily from onboard livestock, made Sobraon one of the more popular migration ships. On the first three return voyages, Sobraon would take on a cargo of Indian tea and race other ships back to England to deliver the first cargo. After the third voyage, the ship was instead loaded with cargoes of Australian wheat and wool for the return leg.

Sobraon in her original configuration as a passenger clipper

On 14 October 1890, Sobraon sailed on her final voyage to Australia. She reached Melbourne on 4 January 1891, was sold later that month to the New South Wales Government, then towed to Sydney. In the hands of the colony's government, Sobraon was assigned to the State Welfare Department and refitted for use as a reformatory ship, where delinquent boys were trained in the skills for a maritime career. Moored off Cockatoo Island and operated under the designation "Nautical School Ship Sobraon", over 4,000 boys were hosted and trained across a 20-year period.

HMAS Tingira

The Australian federal government purchased the ship in 1911 for use as a training ship for the fledgling Royal Australian Navy (RAN). She was refitted, commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Tingira (an aboriginal word for "open sea") on 25 April 1912, and moored in Rose Bay. Up to 250 boys between the ages of 14 1/2 and 16 could be trained at any time, although the trainee complement rarely exceeded 200. Between 1912 and 1927, 3,158 boys were trained for naval service.

Watercolor of Sobraon by Charles Collinson Rawson

Fate

Tingira was paid off on 30 June 1927, and laid up in Berry's Bay. In 1929, the ship was sold to a private owner, but he did not put her to any use before passing away in 1935. Tingira was then purchased by Major Friere (a retired British Army officer) in 1936, who was working with Louisa Ankin to preserve the ship as a national relic. Two years later, the ship was sold to a ship breaker by mortgagees; Friere and Ankin attempted to repurchase the ship, but were unsuccessful. Tingira was broken up in 1941.

Teenage trainees at the RAN's Junior Recruit Training Establishment (which operated at Fremantle naval base HMAS Leeuwin from 1960 to 1984) wore shoulder flashes bearing the name "Tingira" as a historical link with the training ship. Tingira Memorial Park, a small park on the Rose Bay waterfront, commemorates HMAS Tingira. The park was established in two phases; the first opening in 1962, the second completed in 1977.

Citations

  1. ^ Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 63
  2. ^ Sobraon, in Aberdeen Ships Database
  3. ^ Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 64
  4. ^ Bastock, Australia's Ships of War, p. 35
  5. ^ Woollahra Municipal Council, Tinigira Memorial Park

References

Books
Websites
  • "Sobraon". Aberdeen Built Ships. Aberdeen City Council. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  • "Tingira Memorial Park". Woollahra Municipal Council. Retrieved 1 November 2011.

Further reading

  • Lubbock, Basil (1948). The Colonial Clippers (2nd ed.). Glasgow: Brown, Ferguson & Son.

External links

Categories: