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{{good article}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}} {| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image {{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = ] | Ship image = ]
| Ship caption = }} | Ship caption =
}}
{{Infobox ship career {{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = | Hide header =
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| Ship name = | Ship name =
| Ship namesake = ] | Ship namesake = ]
| Ship ordered = 1906 programme<ref name="GG196" /> | Ship ordered = 1906 programme{{sfn|Gardiner & Gray|p=196}}
| Ship builder = ] | Ship builder = ]
| Ship laid down = February 1906 | Ship laid down = February 1906
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| Ship type = | Ship type =
| Ship tonnage = | Ship tonnage =
| Ship displacement = Standard: {{convert|18318|metric ton|long ton|abbr=on}} <br /> Full load: {{convert|19763|metric ton|long ton||abbr=on}} | Ship displacement =
{{plainlist |
* Standard: {{convert|18318|metric ton|long ton|abbr=on}}
* Full load: {{convert|19763|metric ton|long ton||abbr=on}}
}}
| Ship length = {{convert|144.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship length = {{convert|144.9|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|25.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{convert|25.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
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| Ship speed = {{convert|19.2|knot|km/h mph|lk=in}} | Ship speed = {{convert|19.2|knot|km/h mph|lk=in}}
| Ship complement = 681 | Ship complement = 681
| Ship armament = 4 × ]s in twin mounts <br /> | Ship armament =
{{plainlist |
* 4 × ]s in twin mounts
12 × ]s in twin mounts <br /> * 12 × ]s in twin mounts
16 × ]s in single mounts <br /> * 16 × ]s in single mounts
10 × 47 mm guns (single) <br /> * 10 × 47 mm guns (single)
2 × 450 mm Torpedo tubes (M12D) * 2 × 450 mm Torpedo tubes (M12D)
}}
| Ship armor = ]: {{convert|270|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} <br />
| Ship armor =
]: {{convert|300|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} main turrets <br /> ]: 300&nbsp;mm
{{plainlist |
* ]: {{convert|270|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
* ]: {{convert|300|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} main turrets
* ]: 300&nbsp;mm
}}
| Ship notes = | Ship notes =
}} }}
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== Design == == Design ==

{{main|Danton class battleship}} {{main|Danton class battleship}}
] ]
Although the {{Sclass|Danton|battleship|6}}s were a significant improvement from the preceding {{Sclass|Liberté|battleship|4}}, especially with the 3,000-ton displacement increase, they were outclassed by the advent of the ] well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them rather unsuccessful ships, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.<ref name="GG196">Gardiner & Gray, p. 196</ref>


Although the {{sclass|Danton|battleship|6}}s were a significant improvement from the preceding {{Sclass|Liberté|battleship|4}}, especially with the 3,000-ton displacement increase, they were outclassed by the advent of the ] well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them rather unsuccessful ships, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.{{sfn|Gardiner & Gray|p=196}}
''Danton'' was laid down at the ] in February 1906, launched on 4 July 1909, and commissioned into the French Navy on 1 June 1911. The ship was {{convert|146,6|m|sp=us}} ] and had a ] of {{convert|25.8|m|abbr=on}} and a full-load ] of {{convert|9.2|m|abbr=on}}. She displaced {{convert|19736|MT|sp=us}} at full load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. She was powered by four ] ]s with twenty-six ]s, the first French warship to use turbines. They were rated at {{convert|22500|shp|lk=in}} and provided a top speed of around {{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}. Coal storage amounted to {{convert|2027|MT|abbr=on}}.<ref name="GG196" /><ref>''Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers'', p. 1010</ref>

''Danton'' was laid down at the ] in February 1906, launched on 4 July 1909, and commissioned into the French Navy on 1 June 1911. The ship was {{convert|146,6|m|sp=us}} ] and had a ] of {{convert|25.8|m|abbr=on}} and a full-load ] of {{convert|9.2|m|abbr=on}}. She displaced {{convert|19736|MT|sp=us}} at full load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. She was powered by four ] ]s with twenty-six ]s, the first French warship to use turbines. They were rated at {{convert|22500|shp|lk=in}} and provided a top speed of around {{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}. Coal storage amounted to {{convert|2027|MT|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Gardiner & Gray|p=196}}{{sfn|''Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers''|p=1010}}


''Danton''{{'}}s main battery consisted of four ]s mounted in two twin ]s, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve ]s in twin turrets, three on either side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against ]s. These included sixteen {{convert|75|mm|abbr=on}} L/65 guns and ten {{convert|47|mm|abbr=on}} guns. The ship was also armed with two {{convert|450|mm|abbr=on}} ]s. The ship's ] was {{convert|270|mm|abbr=on}} thick and the main battery was protected by up to {{convert|300|mm|abbr=on}} of armor. The ] also had 300&nbsp;mm thick sides.<ref name="GG196" /> ''Danton''{{'}}s main battery consisted of four ]s mounted in two twin ]s, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve ]s in twin turrets, three on either side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against ]s. These included sixteen {{convert|75|mm|abbr=on}} L/65 guns and ten {{convert|47|mm|abbr=on}} guns. The ship was also armed with two {{convert|450|mm|abbr=on}} ]s. The ship's ] was {{convert|270|mm|abbr=on}} thick and the main battery was protected by up to {{convert|300|mm|abbr=on}} of armor. The ] also had 300&nbsp;mm thick sides.{{sfn|Gardiner & Gray|p=196}}


== Service == == Service ==

] ]
In May 1909, at the launching ceremony for ''Danton'', socialist activists prevented the ship from leaving the stocks.<ref>Goldstein & Avery, p. 166</ref> The ship was eventually launched on 4 July 1909. A week after she was completed, she was sent to the ] in honour of the ] in 1911. Upon her return to France, ''Danton'' was assigned to the 1st Battle Squadron, along with her sister ships and the two powerful ]s ] and ].<ref>''New International Encyclopedia'', p. 148</ref> In 1913, while off ] in the Mediterranean, ''Danton'' suffered an explosion in one of her gun turrets, which killed three men and injured several others.<ref>''The American Library Annual'', p. 27</ref>


In May 1909, at the launching ceremony for ''Danton'', socialist activists prevented the ship from leaving the stocks.{{sfn|Goldstein & Avery|p=166}} The ship was eventually launched on 4 July 1909. A week after she was completed, she was sent to the ] in honour of the ] in 1911. Upon her return to France, ''Danton'' was assigned to the 1st Battle Squadron, along with her sister ships and the two powerful ]s ] and ].{{sfn|''New International Encyclopedia''|p=148}} In 1913, while off ] in the Mediterranean, ''Danton'' suffered an explosion in one of her gun turrets, which killed three men and injured several others.{{sfn|''The American Library Annual''|p=27}}
''Danton'' served in ] in the ]. At the outbreak of the war in early August 1914, she was assigned to guard convoys bringing French soldiers from North Africa, to protect from attack by the German ] {{SMS|Goeben}} and ] {{SMS|Breslau}}, which were operating in the area. At the time, she remained in the 1st Battle Squadron alongside her sister ships, under the command of Vice Admiral Chocheprat.<ref>Corbett & Newbolt, pp. 61–62</ref> By 16 August, the French naval commander, Admiral ], took the bulk of the French fleet from ] to the entrance of the ] to keep the ] bottled up.<ref>Sondhaus, p. 258</ref>

''Danton'' served in ] in the ]. At the outbreak of the war in early August 1914, she was assigned to guard convoys bringing French soldiers from North Africa, to protect from attack by the German ] {{SMS|Goeben}} and ] {{SMS|Breslau}}, which were operating in the area. At the time, she remained in the 1st Battle Squadron alongside her sister ships, under the command of Vice Admiral Chocheprat.{{sfn|Corbett & Newbolt|pp=61–62}} By 16 August, the French naval commander, Admiral ], took the bulk of the French fleet from ] to the entrance of the ] to keep the ] bottled up.{{sfn|Sondhaus|p=258}}


=== Sinking === === Sinking ===

''Danton'', commanded by Captain Delage, was torpedoed by {{SMU|U-64|Germany|2}}, commanded by ] Robert Moraht, at 13:17 on 19 March 1917 {{convert|22|mi|nmi km}} south-west of ]. The battleship was returning to duty from a refit in ] and was bound for the Greek island of ] to join the ] of the ]. ''Danton'' was carrying more men than normal, as many were crew members of other ships at Corfu, and had been zig-zagging to foil enemy submarines. The ship sank in 45 minutes; 806 men were rescued by the destroyer ''Massue'' and nearby patrol boats, but 296, including Captain Delage, went down with the ship.<ref name="bbcwreck" /> ''Massue'' attacked ''U-64'' with depth charges, but the U-boat successfully evaded her attacker.<ref>Greenslade, p. 1077</ref>
''Danton'', commanded by Captain Delage, was torpedoed by {{SMU|U-64|Germany|2}}, commanded by ] Robert Moraht, at 13:17 on 19 March 1917, {{convert|22|mi|nmi km}} south-west of ]. The battleship was returning to duty from a refit in ] and was bound for the Greek island of ] to join the ] of the ]. ''Danton'' was carrying more men than normal, as many were crew members of other ships at Corfu, and had been zig-zagging to foil enemy submarines. The ship sank in 45 minutes; 806 men were rescued by the destroyer '']'' and nearby patrol boats, but 296, including Captain Delage, went down with the ship.{{sfn|BBC, "Danton wreck"}} ''Massue'' attacked ''U-64'' with depth charges, but the U-boat successfully evaded her attacker.{{sfn|Greenslade|p=1077}}


== Discovery == == Discovery ==

{{location map|Italy|label=|marksize=6|mark=Red_pog.svg|lat_dir=N|lat_deg=38|lat_min=45 |lat_sec=30|lon_dir=E|lon_deg=08|lon_min=03|lon_sec=30|position=right|width=177|float=right|caption=Location of the wreck<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Wrecksite, Danton SS | url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?16848 | accessdate = 2009-02-21}}</ref>}} <!--as on accessdate-->In February 2009, it was made public that in late 2007 the wreck of the ship was discovered "in remarkable condition" during an underwater survey between Italy and Algeria for the ] gas pipeline.<ref name="bbcwreck">{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Amos |title= Danton wreck found in deep water |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7898890.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=2009-02-19 |accessdate=2009-02-19}}</ref><ref name="cnn190209">{{cite news | url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/19/italy.battleship/ | title = French battleship intact after nearly a century under water | author = Deb Krajnak | publisher = CNN |date = 2009-02-19 | accessdate = 2009-02-21}}</ref> The wreck lies at {{coord|38|45|35|N|8|3|30|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}, a few kilometres away from where it had been thought she sank, sitting upright with many of its gun turrets intact at a depth of over {{convert|1000|m|fathom ft}}.<ref name="bbcwreck" />
{{location map
| Italy
| label =
| marksize = 6
| mark = Red pog.svg
| lat_dir = N
| lat_deg = 38
| lat_min = 45
| lat_sec = 30
| lon_dir = E
| lon_deg = 8
| lon_min = 3
| lon_sec = 30
| position = right
| width = 180
| float = right
| caption = Location of the wreck{{sfn|Wrecksite, "Danton SS"}}
}}

In February 2009<!--as on accessdate-->, it was made public that in late 2007 the wreck of the ship was discovered "in remarkable condition" during an underwater survey between Italy and Algeria for the ] gas pipeline.{{sfn|BBC, "Danton wreck"}}{{sfn|CNN/Krajnak}} The wreck lies at {{coord|38|45|35|N|8|3|30|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}, a few kilometres away from where it had been thought she sank, sitting upright with many of its gun turrets intact at a depth of over {{convert|1000|m|fathom ft}}.{{sfn|BBC, "Danton wreck"}}


== Footnotes == == Footnotes ==

{{refs|colwidth=20em}}
{{refs|25em}}


== References == == References ==

* {{cite book |last1=Corbett|first1=Julian Stafford|last2=Newbolt|first2=Henry John|title=Naval Operations: To the Battle of the Falklands, December 1914|year=1920|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green and Co.}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner |editor1-first=Robert |editor2-last=Gray |editor2-first=Randal |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921 |year=1984 |location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-0-87021-907-8 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V2r_TBjR2TYC}}
| last1 = Corbett
* {{cite book |last=Goldstein|first=David|coauthor=Avery, Martha M.|title=Bolshevism: Its Cure|year=1919|publisher=Boston School of Political Economy|isbn=}}
| first1 = Julian Stafford
* {{cite journal|last=Greenslade|first=J. W.|year=1917|journal=United States Naval Institute Proceedings|volume=43|publisher=United States Naval Institute|location=Annapolis, MD}}
| last2 = Newbolt
* {{cite journal|journal=Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers|year=1909|publisher=]}}
| first2 = Henry John
* {{cite journal|journal=The American Library Annual|year=1914|publisher=R. R. Bowker Co.|location=New York, NY}}
| year = 1920
* {{cite book|title=New International Encyclopedia|year=1915|publisher=]}}
| title = Naval Operations: To the Battle of the Falklands, December 1914
* {{cite book| last=Sondhaus| first=Lawrence| title=The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918| year=1994| location=]| publisher=Purdue University Press| isbn=978-1-55753-034-9}}
| publisher = Longmans, Green and Co
| location = London
| ref = {{sfnRef|Corbett & Newbolt}}
}}
* {{cite book
| editor1-last = Gardiner
| editor1-first = Robert
| editor2-last = Gray
| editor2-first = Randal
| year = 1985
| title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906–1921
| publisher = Naval Institute Press
| location = Annapolis
| isbn = 978-0-87021-907-8
| oclc = 12119866
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=V2r_TBjR2TYC
| ref = {{sfnRef|Gardiner & Gray}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Goldstein
| first1 = David
| last2 = Avery
| first2 = Martha M.
| year = 1919
| title = Bolshevism: Its Cure
| publisher = Boston School of Political Economy
| isbn =
| ref = {{sfnRef|Goldstein & Avery}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Greenslade
| first = J. W.
| year = 1917
| journal = United States Naval Institute Proceedings
| volume = 43
| publisher = United States Naval Institute
| location = Annapolis, MD
| ref = {{sfnRef|Greenslade}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| journal = Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers
| year = 1909
| publisher = ]
| ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers.27.27}}
}}
* {{cite journal
| journal = The American Library Annual
| year = 1914
| publisher = R. R. Bowker Co
| location = New York, NY
| ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27The American Library Annual.27.27}}
}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
| encyclopedia = New International Encyclopedia
| year = 1915
| publisher = ]
| ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27New International Encyclopedia.27.27}}
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Sondhaus
| first = Lawrence
| year = 1994
| title = The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
| publisher = Purdue University Press
| location = ]
| isbn = 978-1-55753-034-9
| oclc =
| ref = {{sfnRef|Sondhaus}}
}}

'''Online sources'''

* {{cite news
| first = Jonathan
| last = Amos
| title = Danton wreck found in deep water
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7898890.stm
| publisher = BBC News
| date = 19 February 2009
| accessdate = 19 February 2009
| ref = {{sfnRef|BBC, "Danton wreck"}}
}}
* {{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Wrecksite, "Danton SS"
| url = http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?16848
| accessdate = 21 February 2009
| ref = {{sfnRef|Wrecksite, "Danton SS"}}
}}
* {{cite news
| url = http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/19/italy.battleship/
| title = French battleship intact after nearly a century under water
| first = Deb
| last = Krajnak
| publisher = CNN
| date = 19 February 2009
| accessdate = 21 February 2009
| ref = {{sfnRef|CNN/Krajnak}}
}}


== External links == == External links ==

{{Commons cat|French battleship Danton (1909)}} {{Commons cat|French battleship Danton (1909)}}
* *

Revision as of 16:41, 8 July 2012

History
France
NamesakeGeorges Danton
Ordered1906 programme
BuilderArsenal de Brest
Laid downFebruary 1906
Launched4 July 1909
Commissioned1 June 1911
FateSunk by U-64 on 19 March 1917
General characteristics
Class and typeDanton class battleship
Displacementlist error: mixed text and list (help)
  • Standard: 18,318 metric tons (18,029 long tons)
  • Full load: 19,763 metric tons (19,451 long tons)
Length144.9 m (475 ft 5 in)
Beam25.8 m (84 ft 8 in)
Draft9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
Propulsion4 shaft Parsons turbines, 26 Bellville coal-fired boilers, 22,500 shp (16.8 MW)
Speed19.2 knots (35.6 km/h; 22.1 mph)
Complement681
Armamentlist error: mixed text and list (help)
Armorlist error: mixed text and list (help)

Danton was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy and the lead ship of her class. She was a technological leap in battleship development for the French Navy, as she was the first ship in the fleet with turbine engines. However, like all battleships of her type, she was completed after the Royal Navy battleship HMS Dreadnought, and as such she was outclassed before she was even commissioned.

During her career Danton was sent to Great Britain to honor the coronation of George V, and later served in World War I as an escort for supply ships and troop transports, guarding them from elements of the German Navy. While en route to aid a blockade, she was torpedoed and sunk on 19 March 1917 by a German U-boat, leaving 296 men dead. The location of the wreck remained a mystery until an underwater survey team inadvertently discovered the battleship in December 2007. In February 2009, the wreck was confirmed to be Danton. The ship is in remarkably good shape for her age. Danton rests upright on the ocean floor, and most of the original equipment is reported to be intact.

Design

Main article: Danton class battleship
Danton-class design as depicted by Brassey's Naval Annual 1915

Although the Error: {{sclass}} invalid format code: 6. Should be 0–5, or blank (help)s were a significant improvement from the preceding Liberté class, especially with the 3,000-ton displacement increase, they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them rather unsuccessful ships, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.

Danton was laid down at the Arsenal de Brest in February 1906, launched on 4 July 1909, and commissioned into the French Navy on 1 June 1911. The ship was 1,466 meters (4,810 ft) long overall and had a beam of 25.8 m (85 ft) and a full-load draft of 9.2 m (30 ft). She displaced 19,736 metric tons (19,424 long tons; 21,755 short tons) at full load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines with twenty-six Belleville boilers, the first French warship to use turbines. They were rated at 22,500 shaft horsepower (16,800 kW) and provided a top speed of around 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). Coal storage amounted to 2,027 t (1,995 long tons; 2,234 short tons).

Danton's main battery consisted of four 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on either side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen 75 mm (3.0 in) L/65 guns and ten 47 mm (1.9 in) guns. The ship was also armed with two 450 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was 270 mm (11 in) thick and the main battery was protected by up to 300 mm (12 in) of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.

Service

Danton underway

In May 1909, at the launching ceremony for Danton, socialist activists prevented the ship from leaving the stocks. The ship was eventually launched on 4 July 1909. A week after she was completed, she was sent to the United Kingdom in honour of the Coronation of George V in 1911. Upon her return to France, Danton was assigned to the 1st Battle Squadron, along with her sister ships and the two powerful dreadnoughts Courbet and Jean Bart. In 1913, while off Hyères in the Mediterranean, Danton suffered an explosion in one of her gun turrets, which killed three men and injured several others.

Danton served in World War I in the French Mediterranean Fleet. At the outbreak of the war in early August 1914, she was assigned to guard convoys bringing French soldiers from North Africa, to protect from attack by the German battlecruiser SMS Goeben and light cruiser SMS Breslau, which were operating in the area. At the time, she remained in the 1st Battle Squadron alongside her sister ships, under the command of Vice Admiral Chocheprat. By 16 August, the French naval commander, Admiral de Lapeyrère, took the bulk of the French fleet from Malta to the entrance of the Adriatic to keep the Austro-Hungarian Navy bottled up.

Sinking

Danton, commanded by Captain Delage, was torpedoed by U-64, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Robert Moraht, at 13:17 on 19 March 1917, 22 miles (19 nmi; 35 km) south-west of Sardinia. The battleship was returning to duty from a refit in Toulon and was bound for the Greek island of Corfu to join the Allied blockade of the Strait of Otranto. Danton was carrying more men than normal, as many were crew members of other ships at Corfu, and had been zig-zagging to foil enemy submarines. The ship sank in 45 minutes; 806 men were rescued by the destroyer Massue and nearby patrol boats, but 296, including Captain Delage, went down with the ship. Massue attacked U-64 with depth charges, but the U-boat successfully evaded her attacker.

Discovery

French battleship Danton is located in ItalyFrench battleship Dantonclass=notpageimage| Location of the wreck

In February 2009, it was made public that in late 2007 the wreck of the ship was discovered "in remarkable condition" during an underwater survey between Italy and Algeria for the GALSI gas pipeline. The wreck lies at 38°45′35″N 8°3′30″E / 38.75972°N 8.05833°E / 38.75972; 8.05833, a few kilometres away from where it had been thought she sank, sitting upright with many of its gun turrets intact at a depth of over 1,000 metres (550 fathoms; 3,300 ft).

Footnotes

  1. ^ Gardiner & Gray, p. 196.
  2. Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, p. 1010. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJournal_of_the_American_Society_of_Naval_Engineers (help)
  3. Goldstein & Avery, p. 166.
  4. New International Encyclopedia, p. 148. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNew_International_Encyclopedia (help)
  5. The American Library Annual, p. 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_American_Library_Annual (help)
  6. Corbett & Newbolt, pp. 61–62.
  7. Sondhaus, p. 258.
  8. ^ BBC, "Danton wreck".
  9. Greenslade, p. 1077.
  10. Wrecksite, "Danton SS".
  11. CNN/Krajnak.

References

Online sources

External links

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