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| '''Kumdo''' is a modern ] of ], the ]n equivalent of ]ese |
'''Kumdo''' is a modern ] of ], the ]n equivalent of ]ese ]. It is also ] as '''kǒmdo''', '''gumdo''', or '''geomdo'''. The name means "the way of the sword," using the same ] as kendo. | ||
| ==History== | |||
| ⚫ | According to the ''Army Account of Military Arts and Science'' (]: 武備志; ]: Wǔ Bèi Zhì), a ] strategy book written in 1621 by |
||
| ===Ancient Korean fencing=== | |||
| ⚫ | According to the ''Army Account of Military Arts and Science'' (]: 武備志; ]: ''Wǔ Bèi Zhì''), a ] strategy book written in 1621 by Qi Ji Kwang, Korean fencing (朝鮮勢法; Cháoxiǎn shìfǎ) was a martial art that had reached Korea through Chinese martial artists. However, warriors were regarded as secondary to scholars during parts of the ] Dynasty and much of the ], and martial arts other than traditional Korean archery were little practised or mostly lost. Today, there are only two remaining documents that refer to ancient Korean martial arts. | ||
| These ancient arts are not popularly considered to be ancestors of kumdo, though some kumdo scholars, including those at the Korean Kumdo Association, believe ancient Korean fencing as outlined in a ] dynasty book known as ''Bonguk Geombeop'' (本國劍法; ''Korean Sword Method'') was the basis of all modern two-handed sword techniques. This belief is not commonly held outside Korea. | |||
| Kendo was introduced to Korea during the Japanese rule, and thereafter, it became popular under the name of "kumdo", using slightly different gear and terminology. The rules and the gears are almost the same as those of kendo. | |||
| ===Gekiken, kendo, and kumdo=== | |||
| ⚫ | Kumdo practitioners in Korea now number over 400,000. There are over 200 kumdo |
||
| Kendo, then still known as ''gekiken'' (撃剣), was introduced to Korea from Japan at the end of the ] as a form of police and military training. During the ], its popularity in Korea spread quickly as part of Korea's first national physical education system. Around ], the name '''kumdo''' was coined as a translation of the sport's new name in Japan, kendo. Up until the end of the occupation in 1945, kumdo developed in parallel with kendo. | |||
| After the occupation ended, kumdo restructured itself, and the Korean Kumdo Association was formed in 1947. When the ] was reinstituted in ] in 1956, Kumdo was included as an official event. | |||
| ==Kumdo today== | |||
| The rules and the equipment are almost the same as those of kendo, owing to the fact that the two have only been allowed to diverge since 1945. Kumdo tournaments have abandoned some elements of ], such as the squatting bow (''sonkyo''). The ''hogu'' (호구), or armor, are often simplified compared to kendo's ''bogu''. | |||
| ⚫ | Kumdo practitioners in Korea now number over 400,000. There are over 200 kumdo organizations in Korea (though the Korean Kumdo Association is a member of the ], and claims to be the only official body). There are also a number of Kumdo ] outside Korea, primarily where there are large numbers of Korean immigrants, such as the ]. These are usually overseen by the World Kumdo Federation. Some kumdo practitioners outside Korea will also compete in kendo tournaments. | ||
| ⚫ | Some practice kumdo without giving respect to kendo, and believe and claim kumdo or Korean fencing is the origin of Japanese kendo and its swordmanship, but that is historically not the case, as demonstrated above. | ||
| ===Terminology=== | |||
| Kumdo uses ] terminology exclusively, though much of it is ] with the original kendo terms. For instance, the criteria used to determine whether a point is scored is known as ''gigeomche'' (기검체), instead of ''ki-ken-tai-ichi'' (気剣体一). This name derives from the same Chinese roots; "''gi''" (氣) for '']'' or spirit, "''geom''" (劍) for the sword, and "''che''" (体) for the body. Below is a table comparing some other similar terms and their corresponding Chinese characters. Note slight differences in the appearance of some characters are due to Japanese use of ] characters. | |||
| <table border=1> | |||
| <tr> | |||
| <td colspan=3> | |||
| <center> | |||
| '''Terminology''' | |||
| </td> | |||
| </tr> | |||
| <tr> | |||
| <td> | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '''Kendo(剣道)''' | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '''Kumdo(劍道)''' | |||
| </td> | |||
| </tr> | |||
| <tr> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '''Sword''' | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '']''(竹刀) | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| ''Jukdo''(竹刀) | |||
| </td> | |||
| <tr> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '''Armor''' | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| '']''(防具) | |||
| </td> | |||
| <td> | |||
| ''Hogu''(防具) | |||
| </td> | |||
| </tr> | |||
| </table> | |||
| ===Schools=== | |||
| There are broadly three schools of modern kumdo: | There are broadly three schools of modern kumdo: | ||
| Line 21: | Line 75: | ||
| *World Kumdo Association, Korean Kumdo Association, and Hwarang Komdo. | *World Kumdo Association, Korean Kumdo Association, and Hwarang Komdo. | ||
| *], founded by members who seceded from the KKA. | *], founded by members who seceded from the KKA. | ||
| ⚫ | Some practice |
||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] and ] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
Revision as of 22:39, 27 April 2006
Kumdo is a modern martial art of fencing, the Korean equivalent of Japanese kendo. It is also romanized as kǒmdo, gumdo, or geomdo. The name means "the way of the sword," using the same Chinese characters as kendo.
History
Ancient Korean fencing
According to the Army Account of Military Arts and Science (Hanzi: 武備志; Pinyin: Wǔ Bèi Zhì), a Ming dynasty strategy book written in 1621 by Qi Ji Kwang, Korean fencing (朝鮮勢法; Cháoxiǎn shìfǎ) was a martial art that had reached Korea through Chinese martial artists. However, warriors were regarded as secondary to scholars during parts of the Goryeo Dynasty and much of the Joseon Dynasty, and martial arts other than traditional Korean archery were little practised or mostly lost. Today, there are only two remaining documents that refer to ancient Korean martial arts.
These ancient arts are not popularly considered to be ancestors of kumdo, though some kumdo scholars, including those at the Korean Kumdo Association, believe ancient Korean fencing as outlined in a Silla dynasty book known as Bonguk Geombeop (本國劍法; Korean Sword Method) was the basis of all modern two-handed sword techniques. This belief is not commonly held outside Korea.
Gekiken, kendo, and kumdo
Kendo, then still known as gekiken (撃剣), was introduced to Korea from Japan at the end of the 19th century as a form of police and military training. During the Japanese occupation, its popularity in Korea spread quickly as part of Korea's first national physical education system. Around 1920, the name kumdo was coined as a translation of the sport's new name in Japan, kendo. Up until the end of the occupation in 1945, kumdo developed in parallel with kendo.
After the occupation ended, kumdo restructured itself, and the Korean Kumdo Association was formed in 1947. When the Korean National Sports Festival was reinstituted in South Korea in 1956, Kumdo was included as an official event.
Kumdo today
The rules and the equipment are almost the same as those of kendo, owing to the fact that the two have only been allowed to diverge since 1945. Kumdo tournaments have abandoned some elements of Japanese culture, such as the squatting bow (sonkyo). The hogu (호구), or armor, are often simplified compared to kendo's bogu.
Kumdo practitioners in Korea now number over 400,000. There are over 200 kumdo organizations in Korea (though the Korean Kumdo Association is a member of the Korean Sports Federation, and claims to be the only official body). There are also a number of Kumdo dojang outside Korea, primarily where there are large numbers of Korean immigrants, such as the United States. These are usually overseen by the World Kumdo Federation. Some kumdo practitioners outside Korea will also compete in kendo tournaments.
Some practice kumdo without giving respect to kendo, and believe and claim kumdo or Korean fencing is the origin of Japanese kendo and its swordmanship, but that is historically not the case, as demonstrated above.
Terminology
Kumdo uses Korean language terminology exclusively, though much of it is cognate with the original kendo terms. For instance, the criteria used to determine whether a point is scored is known as gigeomche (기검체), instead of ki-ken-tai-ichi (気剣体一). This name derives from the same Chinese roots; "gi" (氣) for qi or spirit, "geom" (劍) for the sword, and "che" (体) for the body. Below is a table comparing some other similar terms and their corresponding Chinese characters. Note slight differences in the appearance of some characters are due to Japanese use of shinjitai characters.
|
Terminology |
||
|
Kendo(剣道) |
Kumdo(劍道) |
|
|
Sword |
Shinai(竹刀) |
Jukdo(竹刀) |
|
Armor |
Bogu(防具) |
Hogu(防具) |
Schools
There are broadly three schools of modern kumdo:
- World Kumdo Federation and its affiliate Korea Kumdo Federation; Korea Traditional Komdo Association.
- World Kumdo Association, Korean Kumdo Association, and Hwarang Komdo.
- Haidong Gumdo, founded by members who seceded from the KKA.
See also
External links
- Korea Kumdo Association
- World Kumdo Association
- Kumdo: The Korean Art of the Sword (Article)
- Korea - The Black Ships of Kendo