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| == Toolbox == | |||
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| '''Prison rape''' commonly refers to the ] of ] in ], usually by other inmates but occasionally corrections staff. The latter is more often the case in female prison populations. Physically weaker or isolated inmates, or those not schooled in street culture, are particularly vulnerable to prison rape. Due to the same-sex nature of prisons, prison rape brings with it many (often false) implications and assumptions regarding sex roles and sexual orientation. There appears to be significant variation in the rates of prison rape by race, as documented by ] ]. Usually in ] male prisons, perpetrators seem to be mostly ] (see also ]). Victims tend to be weak or isolated ] men. | |||
| Male rapists in prison typically identify themselves as heterosexual and project any homosexual feelings they might have onto the victim, often stating that they have made a ] or "punk" of their victim or "turned him out". Furthermore, to deny the ultimately ] nature of the activity, they may feel threatened by new arrivals who refuse to rape men or coerce sex from men, as it threatens to reveal this bedrock truth. In contrast, other men, at the time of their incarceration, even those with non-gay identities in the "free" world, will sometimes claim to be gay in order to be sent to the "gay tank." These segregated units exist in some prisons to reduce the violence, sexual and otherwise, to which normatively gay prisoners would be treated in the general populations. Non-gay men sometimes wish to be placed in the "gay tank" on the belief that the risk of sexual violence will be less likely there than in other contexts. | |||
| The boundaries of sexual orientation in prison are easily confused and confusing, and follow different cultural rules than in the non-prison world. As far as male prison sex in general is concerned, the reigning idea is that "active" role is carried out by a self-identified ] during ] even to the extent two men are involved. By contrast, the "passive" role, be it either a rape victim or a willing partner, is typically thought of as homosexual. Many times, men in the free world who were gay prior to incarceration (and those who thereafter who were "made" into a "punk") are often thought of as being beyond the category of those who can be raped; their consent may simply be assumed by other prisoners and guards even when the activity is observed. It is for this reason that prison rape is so frequently underreported, according to studies who have surveyed men after incarceration. | |||
| That said, the individual roles assumed during forced homosexual intercourse cannot be strictly delineated. The rapist may have forced the victim to penetrate him, and the actual act of rape may not necessarily be limited to the rapist as penetrator. The act might be likely achieved by brute-force, but by coercion or blackmail. | |||
| According to ], there are now more men raped in prisons in the United States than women being similarly assaulted on the outside. They estimate that one quarter of a million inmates are getting raped each year, that young men are five times more likely to be attacked, and that the prison rape victims are ten times more likely to contract a deadly ]. Although it is beyond question that rape behind bars occurs, the extent of the problem as documented by Stop Prison Rape is unclear given selection bias during data collection (which results in an increased likelihood of overestimation). Many human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch and Stop Prisoner Rape, claim that prison officers tolerate rape as a means of controlling the prison population in general. | |||
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| Suicide amongst rape victims is a problem of unknown proportions. The mother of a rape victim who committed suicide in prison testified in Congress that a prison warden told her before her son’s suicide that, "This happens to everybody. Learn to deal with it. It’s no big deal."{{ref|testimony}} | |||
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| ==Prisoner rape law in the United States== | |||
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| According to the same source new Federal Law, was passed in the United States in 2003. | |||
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| According to the same website, | |||
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| ''The bill calls for the gathering of national statistics about the problem; the development of guidelines for states about how to address prisoner rape; the creation of a review panel to hold annual hearings; and the provision of grants to states to combat the problem. "Unfortunately, in many facilities throughout the country sexual abuse continues virtually unchecked," said Stemple. "Too often, corrections officers turn a blind eye, or in the case of women inmates, actually perpetrate the abuse. We hope federal legislation will not only create incentives for states to take this problem seriously, but also give facilities the tools and information they need to prevent it."'' | |||
| == Sandbox == | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
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| #{{note|testimony}} Bruntmyer's testimony is found in Prison Rape Prevention (2002). | |||
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| ==See also== | |||
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| ==External links and references== | |||
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| {{divbox|navy|Last Word|"On the Internet, it should be well understood that anything you say can and will be used against you for the rest of your life." -- ]}} | |||
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| *— Human Rights Watch report | |||
| *— Organization campaigning against prison rape | |||
| *— A personal account – harrowing but informative ''(explicit sexual references and language)'' | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 00:30, 28 April 2006
Prison rape commonly refers to the rape of inmates in prison, usually by other inmates but occasionally corrections staff. The latter is more often the case in female prison populations. Physically weaker or isolated inmates, or those not schooled in street culture, are particularly vulnerable to prison rape. Due to the same-sex nature of prisons, prison rape brings with it many (often false) implications and assumptions regarding sex roles and sexual orientation. There appears to be significant variation in the rates of prison rape by race, as documented by Human Rights Watch ]. Usually in U.S. male prisons, perpetrators seem to be mostly African Americans (see also down-low). Victims tend to be weak or isolated white men.
Male rapists in prison typically identify themselves as heterosexual and project any homosexual feelings they might have onto the victim, often stating that they have made a faggot or "punk" of their victim or "turned him out". Furthermore, to deny the ultimately homosexual nature of the activity, they may feel threatened by new arrivals who refuse to rape men or coerce sex from men, as it threatens to reveal this bedrock truth. In contrast, other men, at the time of their incarceration, even those with non-gay identities in the "free" world, will sometimes claim to be gay in order to be sent to the "gay tank." These segregated units exist in some prisons to reduce the violence, sexual and otherwise, to which normatively gay prisoners would be treated in the general populations. Non-gay men sometimes wish to be placed in the "gay tank" on the belief that the risk of sexual violence will be less likely there than in other contexts.
The boundaries of sexual orientation in prison are easily confused and confusing, and follow different cultural rules than in the non-prison world. As far as male prison sex in general is concerned, the reigning idea is that "active" role is carried out by a self-identified heterosexual during sexual intercourse even to the extent two men are involved. By contrast, the "passive" role, be it either a rape victim or a willing partner, is typically thought of as homosexual. Many times, men in the free world who were gay prior to incarceration (and those who thereafter who were "made" into a "punk") are often thought of as being beyond the category of those who can be raped; their consent may simply be assumed by other prisoners and guards even when the activity is observed. It is for this reason that prison rape is so frequently underreported, according to studies who have surveyed men after incarceration.
That said, the individual roles assumed during forced homosexual intercourse cannot be strictly delineated. The rapist may have forced the victim to penetrate him, and the actual act of rape may not necessarily be limited to the rapist as penetrator. The act might be likely achieved by brute-force, but by coercion or blackmail.
According to Stop Prisoner Rape, Inc., there are now more men raped in prisons in the United States than women being similarly assaulted on the outside. They estimate that one quarter of a million inmates are getting raped each year, that young men are five times more likely to be attacked, and that the prison rape victims are ten times more likely to contract a deadly disease. Although it is beyond question that rape behind bars occurs, the extent of the problem as documented by Stop Prison Rape is unclear given selection bias during data collection (which results in an increased likelihood of overestimation). Many human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch and Stop Prisoner Rape, claim that prison officers tolerate rape as a means of controlling the prison population in general.
Suicide amongst rape victims is a problem of unknown proportions. The mother of a rape victim who committed suicide in prison testified in Congress that a prison warden told her before her son’s suicide that, "This happens to everybody. Learn to deal with it. It’s no big deal."
Prisoner rape law in the United States
According to the same source new Federal Law, Public Law 108-79 was passed in the United States in 2003.
According to the same website,
The bill calls for the gathering of national statistics about the problem; the development of guidelines for states about how to address prisoner rape; the creation of a review panel to hold annual hearings; and the provision of grants to states to combat the problem. "Unfortunately, in many facilities throughout the country sexual abuse continues virtually unchecked," said Stemple. "Too often, corrections officers turn a blind eye, or in the case of women inmates, actually perpetrate the abuse. We hope federal legislation will not only create incentives for states to take this problem seriously, but also give facilities the tools and information they need to prevent it."
Notes
- Bruntmyer's testimony is found in Prison Rape Prevention (2002).
See also
External links and references
- Prison rape in the popular lexicon
- No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons— Human Rights Watch report
- Stop Prisoner Rape— Organization campaigning against prison rape
- Memories of Rape— A personal account – harrowing but informative (explicit sexual references and language)