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==References== ==References==

Revision as of 22:32, 31 October 2012

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Progressive utilization theory or PROUT is a socio-economic theory first mentioned in 1959 and fully outlined in 1962 by Indian philosopher and spiritual leader Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (1921–1990). PROUT is a social system that claims to overcome the limitations of both capitalism and communism. Among other things, progressive utilization would optimize the use of natural, industrial and human resources, based on cooperative coordination on a wide basis, ranging from local communities to larger regions and nations, and between the people of diverse geographical areas.

PROUT seeks the welfare and happiness of all. The theory is not concerned solely with economics but encompasses the whole of individual and collective existence—physical, educational, social, political, mental, cultural and spiritual—not just for human beings but for all beings.

Five fundamental principles

The founder of PROUT, P.R. Sarkar, summarized PROUT in sixteen numbered Samskrta aphorisms (see Chapter 5 of Ananda Sutram). The last five of those aphorisms are commonly referred to as the "Five Fundamental Principles of PROUT". The five aphorisms translate into English as follows:

  1. There should be no accumulation of wealth without the permission of society.
  2. There should be maximum utilization and rational distribution of the crude, subtle, and causal resources.
  3. There should be maximum utilization of the physical, mental, and spiritual potentialities of the individual and collective beings.
  4. There should be a well-balanced adjustment among the crude, subtle, and causal utilizations.
  5. Utilizations vary in accordance with time, space, and form; the utilizations should be progressive.

A glimpse of these principles first appeared in Shrii Sarkar's earlier but much less authoritative work, Idea and Ideology. As Ananda Sutram has never been published with a translation of the five aphorisms corresponding to the Five Fundamental Principles of PROUT, the earlier version is often mistakenly employed.

Cooperatives

Prout’s three-tiered economic structure consists of government-owned key industries (oil industries, wind farms, etc.), worker-owned cooperatives, and privately owned enterprises. Of these three, the cooperative structure—industrial, consumer, agricultural and credit—forms the core feature of the Prout economy.

Sarkar considers cooperatives the best economic structure for human society, arguing that if individuality dominates human life, it will "adversely affect the environment, the welfare of different groups and even the continued existence of humanity".

The Prout cooperative system is based on the principle of coordinated cooperation, where free human beings with equal rights and mutual respect work together for the welfare of all. In a system of subordinated cooperation, on the other hand, people work individually or collectively but are under other peoples’ supervision. According to Sarkar, true coordinated cooperation does not exist in the present capitalist or communist systems.

According to Sarkar, cooperatives will succeed if they have ethical leadership, strong management, and the people’s whole-hearted acceptance of the cooperative system. Moreover, members must have similar interests, share a common economic structure, and demand similar necessities. Lastly, cooperatives need ready access to suppliers and markets for their goods and services.

See also

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References

  1. Craig, Edward, ed. (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Sociology of knowledge to Zaroastrianism. Routledge (Taylor & Francis). ISBN 0-415-16916-X.
  2. Acarya Abhidevananda Avadhuta, PROUT Primer (1978)
  3. Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Idea and Ideology (1959)
    The wording of the principles that appears in Idea and Ideology is:
    1. No individual should be allowed to accumulate any physical wealth without the clear permission or approval of the collective body.
    2. There should be maximum utilization and rational distribution of all mundane, supramundane and spiritual potentialities of the universe.
    3. There should be maximum utilization of physical, metaphysical and spiritual potentialities of unit and collective bodies of human society.
    4. There should be a proper adjustment amongst these physical, metaphysical, mundane, supramundane and spiritual utilizations.
    5. The method of utilization should vary in accordance with changes in time, space and person, and the utilization should be of progressive nature.
  4. Megan Nolan Ph. D. (27 November 2007). "PROUT and regulated Market Economy". OpEdNews. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  5. Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan. 1992, Proutist Economics, Calcutta, Ananda Marga Publications, p 128.
  6. Sarkar, PR. 1988, Prout in a Nutshell XIV, Calcutta, Ananda Marga Publications. p 38.
  7. Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan. 1992, Proutist Economics, Calcutta, Ananda Marga Publications. p 129-130.
  8. Carla Dickstein, The Prout Worker Cooperatives,The Prout Worker Cooperatives

Bibliography

External links

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