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| '''Kermanshah''' (] in ], كرمانشاه in ]) is one of the 30 ] of ]. |
'''Kermanshah''' (] in ], كرمانشاه in ]) is one of the 30 ] of ]. It is in the west of the country, bordering ]. Between ] and the ], the province was known as ''']'''. | ||
| Its capital ] ({{coor dm|34|18|N|47|4|E|}}) is located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 690,000. | Its capital ] ({{coor dm|34|18|N|47|4|E|}}) is located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 690,000. | ||
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| ] is believed to be standing here in this relief at ]. On his left is ], on his right is ], and below him is a mounted Persian knight.</center>]] | ] is believed to be standing here in this relief at ]. On his left is ], on his right is ], and below him is a mounted Persian knight.</center>]] | ||
| Evidence indicated that this province has been the home of man since the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Considering the historical monuments found in Kermanshah, it was very glorious in the ] and ] eras and was highly regarded by the kings of those times. |
Evidence indicated that this province has been the home of man since the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Considering the historical monuments found in Kermanshah, it was very glorious in the ] and ] eras and was highly regarded by the kings of those times. | ||
| Kermanshah is one of the ancient cities of Iran and it is said that ] a mythical ruler of the ] had constructed it. Some attribute its constructions to Bahram IV of Sassanid dynasty, ] CE. During the reign of ] and ] of Sassanids, Kermanshah was at the peak of its glory. And then became the secondary royal residence. |
Kermanshah is one of the ancient cities of Iran and it is said that ] a mythical ruler of the ] had constructed it. Some attribute its constructions to Bahram IV of Sassanid dynasty, ] CE. During the reign of ] and ] of Sassanids, Kermanshah was at the peak of its glory. And then became the secondary royal residence. | ||
| But in the Arab invasion suffered great damage. In the ] period, it made great progress. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of ], Kermanshah was destroyed due to the ] invasion. | But in the Arab invasion suffered great damage. In the ] period, it made great progress. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of ], Kermanshah was destroyed due to the ] invasion. | ||
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| == Climate == | == Climate == | ||
| As it is situated between two cold and warm regions enjoys a moderate climate. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500mm. The average temperature in the hottest months is above 22° C. | As it is situated between two cold and warm regions enjoys a moderate climate. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500mm. The average temperature in the hottest months is above 22° C. | ||
| ==Language == | ==Language == | ||
| ⚫ | The province is settled mostly by Iranian ], ] and ] speakers. There are minority ]s and ]s living in this province. In addition to the inhabitants of the town and villages, there are nomadic societies through out the province. High mountain ranges closer to the ]i border are home to Kurdish tribes people.The predominant language is ] ( Southern Kurdish Dialect called "Kurdî Başûr" ), but ] and other languages are also spoken. | ||
| ⚫ | The province is settled mostly by Iranian ], ] and ] speakers. There are minority ]s and ]s |
||
| ==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
| One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is ] who was born at ''Dinawar'' north-east of ]. He lived in 9th century and has written many books in ], ] and history. | One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is ] who was born at ''Dinawar'' north-east of ]. He lived in 9th century and has written many books in ], ] and history. | ||
| Notable people born in Kermansha include British ] ] (b. ]), whose father, a ] ], was stationed there at the time of her birth. |
Notable people born in Kermansha include British ] ] (b. ]), whose father, a ] ], was stationed there at the time of her birth. | ||
| ==Local Products== | ==Local Products== | ||
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| == Attractions == | == Attractions == | ||
| *''']'s inscription at ] (])''': At a site some 1300 meters high in the mountains, one of the most famous sites in Near Eastern ] has been attracting passersby since time immemorial. It was here that Sir ] copied the trilingual inscription of ] of ]s, carved in ] in old ], ] and ], an important step in the eventual decipherment of cuneiform in the mid ]. The Bisotoun relief above the inscription depicts Darius facing the nine rebel kings, whom the Achaemenid ruler deposed when he came to power. | *''']'s inscription at ] (])''': At a site some 1300 meters high in the mountains, one of the most famous sites in Near Eastern ] has been attracting passersby since time immemorial. It was here that Sir ] copied the trilingual inscription of ] of ]s, carved in ] in old ], ] and ], an important step in the eventual decipherment of cuneiform in the mid ]. The Bisotoun relief above the inscription depicts Darius facing the nine rebel kings, whom the Achaemenid ruler deposed when he came to power. | ||
| ]'s inscription</center>]] | ]'s inscription</center>]] | ||
| At the foot of the hill there are three ]n reliefs believed to be the oldest Parthian reliefs, badly damaged by ravages of time and land endowment, carved by Sheik Ali Khan Zanganeh, the ] of ] king Shah Soleiman. | At the foot of the hill there are three ]n reliefs believed to be the oldest Parthian reliefs, badly damaged by ravages of time and land endowment, carved by Sheik Ali Khan Zanganeh, the ] of ] king Shah Soleiman. | ||
| *'''] ] Reliefs (]-]):''' The Sassanid kings chose a sensational setting for their rock reliefs at Taghe-e-Bostan, four miles north-East of Kermanshah. A sacred spring gushes forth from a mountain cliff and empties into a large reflecting pool. In writer the entire scene is shrouded in mist and clouds. | *'''] ] Reliefs (]-]):''' The Sassanid kings chose a sensational setting for their rock reliefs at Taghe-e-Bostan, four miles north-East of Kermanshah. A sacred spring gushes forth from a mountain cliff and empties into a large reflecting pool. In writer the entire scene is shrouded in mist and clouds. | ||
| One of the most impressive reliefs, inside the largest grotto or "ivan," is the gigantic equestrian of Sassanid king, ] (]-] CE) mounted on his favorite charger, Shabdiz. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. There are two hunting scenes on opposite side of the ivan, one depicts the imperial boar hunt and the other in a similar spirit shows the king stalking deer. Elephants flush out the feeling boar from a marshy lake for the king who stands poised with bow and arrow in hand serenaded by female musicians following in other boats. These royal hunting scenes are among the most vivid of all rock reliefs, true narrative murals in stone. Jumping 1300 years in time, the upper relief shows the ] ] king Fath-Ali shah holding court. |
One of the most impressive reliefs, inside the largest grotto or "ivan," is the gigantic equestrian of Sassanid king, ] (]-] CE) mounted on his favorite charger, Shabdiz. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. There are two hunting scenes on opposite side of the ivan, one depicts the imperial boar hunt and the other in a similar spirit shows the king stalking deer. Elephants flush out the feeling boar from a marshy lake for the king who stands poised with bow and arrow in hand serenaded by female musicians following in other boats. These royal hunting scenes are among the most vivid of all rock reliefs, true narrative murals in stone. Jumping 1300 years in time, the upper relief shows the ] ] king Fath-Ali shah holding court. | ||
| '''*The temple of ] (]) in ]:''' Kangavar is a small town of great antiquity lying halfway between ] and Kermanshah (90 km. East of Kermanshah). In about ] during the ] occupation of Kangavar, a major sanctuary was erected to the mother Goddess Anahita who was worshipped in ancient Persia along with ] and ]. This vast temple was built of enormous blocks of dressed stone with an imposing entrance of opposed staircases which may have been inspired by the Apadana in ]. | '''*The temple of ] (]) in ]:''' Kangavar is a small town of great antiquity lying halfway between ] and Kermanshah (90 km. East of Kermanshah). In about ] during the ] occupation of Kangavar, a major sanctuary was erected to the mother Goddess Anahita who was worshipped in ancient Persia along with ] and ]. This vast temple was built of enormous blocks of dressed stone with an imposing entrance of opposed staircases which may have been inspired by the Apadana in ]. | ||
| ==Kurdish Poets of Kermanshah Province== | ==Kurdish Poets of Kermanshah Province== | ||
| ⚫ | # ],(1642-1701) | ||
| ⚫ | # ],(1642-1701) |
||
| # ], (1700-1760) | # ], (1700-1760) | ||
| # ], mid 18th century | # ], mid 18th century | ||
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| ==Contemporary Kurdish poets in Kermanshah== | ==Contemporary Kurdish poets in Kermanshah== | ||
| #] (Kermanshah) | #] (Kermanshah) | ||
| #] (Haroon Abad) |
#] (Haroon Abad) | ||
| #] (Sar Pol-e Zahab) | #] (Sar Pol-e Zahab) | ||
| #] | #] | ||
Revision as of 11:32, 23 May 2006
Kermanshah (Kirmaşan in Kurdish, كرمانشاه in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the west of the country, bordering Iraq. Between 1979 and the 1990s, the province was known as Bakhtaran.
Its capital Kermanshah (34°18′N 47°4′E / 34.300°N 47.067°E / 34.300; 47.067) is located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 690,000.
Because of the natural circumstances, this city is situated on the slopes of Koh-e Sefid, which is the most famous mountain in the suburb of Kemanshah. The length of this city is more than 10 km. Which runs alongside Sarab River and Valley. The height of Kermanshah city is 1420 meters above sea level.
The distance between Kermanshah and Teheran is 525 km. It is the trade center of rich agricultural region that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, and there are so many industrial centers, oil and sugar refineries, and cement, textile and flour factories, etc. The airport is located in north east of the city and the distance from Tehran is 413 km by air.
History
Evidence indicated that this province has been the home of man since the Paleolithic and Neolithic age. Considering the historical monuments found in Kermanshah, it was very glorious in the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras and was highly regarded by the kings of those times.
Kermanshah is one of the ancient cities of Iran and it is said that Tahmores Divband a mythical ruler of the Pishdadian had constructed it. Some attribute its constructions to Bahram IV of Sassanid dynasty, 4th century CE. During the reign of Hormizd IV and Khosrau I of Sassanids, Kermanshah was at the peak of its glory. And then became the secondary royal residence.
But in the Arab invasion suffered great damage. In the Safavid period, it made great progress. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of Isfahan, Kermanshah was destroyed due to the Ottoman invasion.
During the Iran-Iraq War the province saw heavy fighting. Most towns and cities were badly damaged, some like Zar-e Pol-e Zahab and Qhasr-e Shirin virtually destroyed.
Climate
As it is situated between two cold and warm regions enjoys a moderate climate. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500mm. The average temperature in the hottest months is above 22° C.
Language
The province is settled mostly by Iranian Kurds, Persian and Luri speakers. There are minority Arabs and Turks living in this province. In addition to the inhabitants of the town and villages, there are nomadic societies through out the province. High mountain ranges closer to the Iraqi border are home to Kurdish tribes people.The predominant language is Kurdish ( Southern Kurdish Dialect called "Kurdî Başûr" ), but Persian and other languages are also spoken.
Notable people
One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is Al-Dinawari who was born at Dinawar north-east of Kermanshah. He lived in 9th century and has written many books in astronomy, botany and history. Notable people born in Kermansha include British author Doris Lessing (b. 1919), whose father, a British army officer, was stationed there at the time of her birth.
Local Products
Kermanshah lends its name to a type of Persian carpet named after the region. It has also a famous sweets made of rice, locally known as Nân berendji. The other famous Kermanshahi good is a special kind of oil, locally known as Rüne Dân and globally in Iran known as Roghan Kermanshahi. The Giveh of Kermanshah known as Kelash is the highest quality Giveh.
Attractions
- Darius I the Great's inscription at Behistun (6th century BCE): At a site some 1300 meters high in the mountains, one of the most famous sites in Near Eastern archeology has been attracting passersby since time immemorial. It was here that Sir Henry Rawlinson copied the trilingual inscription of Darius I of Achaemenids, carved in 522 BCE in old Persian language, Elamite and Akkadian, an important step in the eventual decipherment of cuneiform in the mid 19th century. The Bisotoun relief above the inscription depicts Darius facing the nine rebel kings, whom the Achaemenid ruler deposed when he came to power.
At the foot of the hill there are three Parthian reliefs believed to be the oldest Parthian reliefs, badly damaged by ravages of time and land endowment, carved by Sheik Ali Khan Zanganeh, the premier of Safavid king Shah Soleiman.
- Taq-e Bostan Sassanid Reliefs (224-651 BCE): The Sassanid kings chose a sensational setting for their rock reliefs at Taghe-e-Bostan, four miles north-East of Kermanshah. A sacred spring gushes forth from a mountain cliff and empties into a large reflecting pool. In writer the entire scene is shrouded in mist and clouds.
One of the most impressive reliefs, inside the largest grotto or "ivan," is the gigantic equestrian of Sassanid king, Khosrau II (591-628 CE) mounted on his favorite charger, Shabdiz. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. There are two hunting scenes on opposite side of the ivan, one depicts the imperial boar hunt and the other in a similar spirit shows the king stalking deer. Elephants flush out the feeling boar from a marshy lake for the king who stands poised with bow and arrow in hand serenaded by female musicians following in other boats. These royal hunting scenes are among the most vivid of all rock reliefs, true narrative murals in stone. Jumping 1300 years in time, the upper relief shows the 19th century Qajar king Fath-Ali shah holding court.
*The temple of Anahita (200 BCE) in Kangavar: Kangavar is a small town of great antiquity lying halfway between Hamadan and Kermanshah (90 km. East of Kermanshah). In about 200 BCE during the Seleucid Empire occupation of Kangavar, a major sanctuary was erected to the mother Goddess Anahita who was worshipped in ancient Persia along with Ahura Mazda and Mithras. This vast temple was built of enormous blocks of dressed stone with an imposing entrance of opposed staircases which may have been inspired by the Apadana in Persepolis.
Kurdish Poets of Kermanshah Province
- Mustafa Besarani,(1642-1701)
- Khana Qubadi, (1700-1760)
- Sarhang Almas Khan, mid 18th century
- Sheyda Hewramí (1784-1852)
- Muhammad Wali Kermashani, (1901-?)
- Shami Kermashani(Shamurad Mushtaq), (1927- ), Famous Kurdish Poet of Kermanshah.(see and )
Contemporary Kurdish poets in Kermanshah
- Jalil Ahangarnejad (Kermanshah)
- Javad Sharifi (Haroon Abad)
- Reza Jamshidi (Sar Pol-e Zahab)
- Kawe Khosrawi
- Parto
- [http://yarsan.web.surftown.se/Sher/pariwash.htm Pariwash Malakshahi (Qasr Shirin)
External links
- Kirmashan website, Kurdish Culture
- Nermewaran, Kurdish weblog in Kermanshah
- Shemshemekurek
- Yarsan
- Taqwasan, Southern Kurdish Literature
- A persian article about Giveh
- A persian News-Report on handicrafts of Kermanshah
- Kirmaşan Nîştimanî Xweşnîşan (Kurdish Poetry)
