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Narendra Modi
14th Chief Minister of Gujarat
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 October 2001
Governor	Sunder Singh Bhandari Kailashpati Mishra Balram Jakhar Nawal Kishore Sharma S. C. Jamir Kamla Beniwal
Preceded by	Keshubhai Patel
Constituency	Maninagar
Personal details
Born	Narendra Damodardas Modi (1950-09-17) 17 September 1950 (age 74) Vadnagar, Bombay State, India
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party
Residence(s)	Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Alma mater	Gujarat University
Website	NarendraModi.in

Narendra Damodardas Modi (pronunciation; born 17 September 1950) is the 14th and current Chief Minister of Gujarat, a state in western India.

He has been a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since childhood, having an interest in politics since adolescence. He holds a master's degree in political science. In 1998, he was chosen by L. K. Advani, the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), to direct the election campaign in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh.

He became the chief minister of Gujarat for the first time in October 2001, promoted to the office at a time when his predecessor Keshubhai Patel had resigned, following the defeat of BJP in the by-elections. His tenure as chief minister began on 7 October 2001. In July 2007, he became the longest serving Chief Minister in Gujarat's history when he had been in power for 2063 days continuously. Under his leadership Bhartiya Janata Party won 2012 State Assembly Elections and he was chosen to serve for this fourth term as Chief Minister of Gujarat.

Modi's administration received heated criticism surrounding the 2002 Gujarat violence, particularly the accusation that it did not adequately strive to hinder Hindu massacres of Muslims, or that it even facilitated them. No legal charges has been leveled against his administration, and Modi has rejected calls for an apology. He is a controversial figure both within India and internationally for his hardline Hindutva philosophy and for his alleged role in fomenting communalism and anti-Muslim sentiment. Modi enjoys considerable support amongst the Indian middle class and Indian and international entrepreneurs. He is credited with the high economic growth in Gujarat under his government.

Personality

Modi is a vegetarian He is known for leading a frugal lifestyle. He has a personal staff of three. He is known to be a workaholic and an introvert. He is a crowd puller as a speaker. Modi wears "business suits to business meetings".

Early life

Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a family of grocers in Vadnagar in Mehsana district of what was then Bombay State (present-day Gujarat), India. He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi and his wife Heeraben. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Modi, who was then a teenager, volunteered to serve the soldiers in transit at railway stations. As a teenager Modi used to run a tea stall with his brother. Modi completed his schooling in Vadnagar. Prahlad Patel, Modi's Sanskrit teacher in school, describes him as an average student, but a keen debater. At 18 years of age, Modi abandoned his home and set off for the Himalayas to become a sanyasi (mendicant).

He returned two years later and started working in the staff canteen of Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation, where he stayed till he became a full–time pracharak (propagandist) of the RSS. After Modi completed RSS' level one training from Nagpur, a prerequisite for taking up an official position in the Sangh Parivar (coalition of Hindu nationalist organisations), he was given charge of Sangh's student wing Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad in Gujarat. Even though Modi had little regard for Sangh's protocols, Vinod Jose describes Modi's reputation in the Sangh as that of "an efficient and dutiful organiser: if the leaders entrusted him with a task, they could be sure it would be completed". Modi organized agitations and covert distribution of Sangh's pamphlets during the Emergency. During his years in the RSS, Modi came in touch with Vasant Gajendragadkar and Nathalal Jaghda, leaders of the Jan Sangh, who later founded BJP's Gujarat state unit.

Early activism and politics

Modi remained a full–time pracharak in the RSS while he completed his master's degree in political science from Gujarat University. RSS deputed Modi to the BJP in 1987. Between 1985–1992, a series of communal violence in Gujarat consolidated BJP's support among Hindus in the state. While Shankarsingh Vaghela and Keshubhai Patel were the front runners in BJP, Modi rose to prominence after organizing Murli Manohar Joshi's Ekta yatra (journey for unity). Modi's electoral strategy scripted BJP's victory in the 1995 state elections in Gujarat. According to Zee News' profile of Modi, "Vaghela was regarded as a mass leader, Modi was recognized as a master strategist".

Modi's interference in governance despite not holding any constitutional post prompted Patel to ask for his transfer from BJP's state unit. Modi was shifted to Delhi as the General Secretary of the BJP. Vaghela, who had threatened to break away from BJP in 1995, defected from the BJP after he lost the 1996 Lok Sabha elections. In 1998, Modi was promoted to the post of National Secretary in the BJP. While selecting candidates for 1998 state elections in Gujarat, Modi sidelined Vaghela's loyalists and rewarded Patel's loyalists to end factional divisions within the party.

Patel's failing health, allegation of abuse of power, poor administration, slide in BJP's seats in by-elections and devastating Bhuj Earthquake of 2001 prompted BJP's central leadership to look for a new Chief Ministerial candidate. Modi, who had aired his misgivings about Patel's administration, was chosen as a replacement. L. K. Advani, a senior leader of the BJP, however, did not want to ostracize Patel and was worried about Modi's lack of experience in governance. It was suggested that Modi should be made the deputy Chief Minster in a government led by Patel. Modi informed Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee that he was "going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all" and declined the proposal. On 7 October 2001, Modi was made the Chief Minister of Gujarat and was assigned the responsibility to prepare BJP for elections in December 2002. As a Chief Minister, Modi's ideas of governance revolved around privatisation and small government which stood at odds with RSS' "anti–privatisation, anti–globalisation postition".

2002 Gujarat violence

The burning to death of Hindus by Muslims on board a train triggered off communal violence in Gujarat in February 2002. The event triggered widespread communal violence in Gujarat. 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were ultimately killed. The Modi administration was accused of insufficient action over the violence and suspected of encouraging them.

Modi on his role in 2002 violence

In an interview on 26 July 2012 to Shahid Siddiqui, editor of an Urdu weekly Nai Duniya and MP of Samajwadi Party, Modi said that if he is found guilty of collusion in the 2002 violence, he should be hanged, other–wise insinuations against him should cease.

"There is no question of apologising because if I have committed this crime, then I should not be forgiven, I should be hanged. And I should be hanged in such a way that people should learn a lesson for 100 years that nothing like this should happen. If I have not committed the crime, then the nation and the media especially should seek my forgiveness."

2002 election

As an aftermath of the violence, there were calls for Modi to resign from his position as chief minister of Gujarat. The opposition parties stalled the national parliament over the issue and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and Telugu Desam Party (TDP), allies of the BJP, also asked for Modi's resignation. Modi submitted his resignation and the state Assembly was dissolved. In the resultant elections the BJP, led by Modi, won 127 seats in the 182-member assembly.

Second term (2002–2007)

During his second term, Modi's emphasis shifted from Hindutva to economic development of Gujarat. Modi's decisions curtailed the influence of organizations of the Sangh Parivar such as the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) and Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), which had become entrenched in Gujarat after the decline of Ahmedabad's textile industry. Modi dropped Gordhan Zadaphia, ally of Modi's former Sangh co–worker and VHP state chief Praveen Togadia, from the cabinet ministry. When BKS launched a farmers' agitation, Modi ordered their eviction from houses provided by the state government. Modi's decision to demolish 200 illegal temples in Gandhinagar deepened the rift with VHP. Various organizations of the Sangh were no longer consulted or kept in loop about Modi's admintrative decisions.

Between 2002–2007, Gujarat emerged as an attractive investment destination. Aditi Phadnis, author of Political Profiles Of Cabals & Kings and columnist in the Business Standard, writes that "there was sufficient anecdotal evidence pointing to the fact that corruption had gone down significantly in the state... if there was to be any corruption, Modi had to know about it". Modi instituted financial and technology parks in the state. During the 2007 Vibrant Gujarat summit, real estate investment deals worth ₹6.6 lakh crore (₹6600 billion) were signed in Gujarat. In 2003, when Narendra Modi was asked about the conflict of his dreams for Gujarat's future with international criticism of his past activities, Modi said,

Yet, no one has asked this question to the USA after 9/11. Delhi is developing fast – no one has asked this question to Delhi after 1984. If it does not matter to Delhi and USA, why should it matter to Gujarat?

Modi's decision to link Gujarat's violence with the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the US drew criticism from some observers, who contrasted it with the then Deputy Prime Minister L. K. Advani's unpleasant apology for Gujarat in London a year ago. Modi responded to this criticism by The Guardian, saying "I have not read and I would not like to read. But thank you people for spending time on me."

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, then Prime Minister of India, who had asked Modi not to discriminate between citizens in the aftermath of 2002 Gujarat violence and had pushed for his resignation as Chief Minister of Gujarat, distanced himself from Modi and reached out to North Indian Muslims before the 2004 elections to the Lok Sabha. After the elections, Vajpayee held the violence in Gujarat as one of the reasons for BJP's electoral defeat and acknowledged that not removing Modi immediately after the Gujarat violence was a mistake.

Terrorism and elections in 2007-2008

In the lead up to assembly and general elections in 2007–2008, BJP stepped up its rhetoric on terrorism. On 18 July 2006 Modi delivered a speech criticising Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislations" like the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the Centre to empower states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the blasts in Mumbai. Quoting Modi:

Terrorism is worse than a war. A terrorist has no rules. A terrorist decides when, how, where and whom to kill. India has lost more people in terror attacks than in its wars.

Narendra Modi frequently commented that if the BJP came to power at the Centre, they will honour the 2004 Supreme Court judgement to hang Afzal Guru. Afzal was convicted of terrorism in the 2001 Indian Parliament attack in 2004 by the Supreme Court of India and was executed in Tihar Jail on 9 February 2013.

Modi made a speech at Mangrol in which he justified the encounter of Sohrabuddin Sheikh, during the election campaign in response to Sonia Gandhi's speech calling him a "merchant of death", and referred to Sohrabuddin's killing. For this speech the Election Commission of India, a constitutional body governing election proceedings in India, cautioned Modi as it considered it as indulging in an activity which may aggravate existing differences between different communities. Modi won the election and continued his post as the Chief Minister of Gujarat, he won with majority of votes of 122 seats out of 182 total assembly seats.

On account of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, on Thursday 27 November 2008, Narendra Modi held a meeting to discuss waterfront security along the coastline. In the meeting, it was decided to ask the Central government to sanction an increase in the number of policeman and police stations along Gujarat's 1,600 km (990 mi) coastline. The Central government sanctioned 30 high–speed surveillance boats which were to be constructed at Goa's shipbuilding yard.

Third term (2007–2012)

Successive BJP governments under Patel and Modi supported NGOs and communities in creation of infrastructural projects for conservation of groundwater. By December 2008, 500,000 structures were constructed of which 113,738 were check dams. While most check dams remained empty during the Pre monsoon season, they helped recharge the aquifers. 60 of the 112 Tehsils which were found to have over–exploited groundwater table in 2004, had regained there normal groundwater level by 2010. As a result, yields of Bt cotton, which could now be irrigated using tube wells, increased to become the largest in India. The boom in cotton production and utilization of semi–arid land saw the agriculture growth rate of Gujarat increase to 9.6% in the period 2001–2007. For the decade 2001–2010, Gujarat recorded a Compound annual growth rate of 10.97%, the highest among all Indian states.

During late 2011 and early 2012, Narandra Modi undertook a series of fasts as part of the Sadbhavna Mission, to reach out to the Muslim community in Gujarat. The mission started on 17 September 2011 in Ahmedabad with a three-day fast aimed at strengthening the atmosphere of peace, unity, and harmony in the state. He observed 36 fasts in 26 districts and 8 cities, including Ahmedabad.

Gujarat state Congress banned a television channel TV 9 from covering its events, and prohibited access to its press conferences and other events. A communication in this regard was sent to all district units of the party. Narendra Modi criticised this muzzling of the freedom of press by saying,

Journalists on Twitter who spoke against Congress, were blocked. Here they banned a TV channel. Their crime is that they exposed cracks in the ghar nu ghar (own your home) scheme of the Congress. Yet this party talks about democracy.

Google+ Hangout

Modi interacted with netizens on Google+ on 31 August 2012. The chat session was also live broadcast on YouTube, and Modi took part in it through Ahmedabad. The chat was schedule to start at 20:00 IST, but began 45 minutes late because of the reported crash of Google+ due to the response. The questions were to be submitted before the chat, and were mostly based on issues about education, youth empowerment, rural development and causes of urbanisation.

Modi became the first Indian politician to interact with netizens through live chat on Internet after the hangout. Google+'s Hangout feature allows ten people to group chat at a single time. The same day the hangout was organized, the Gujarat High Court gave its statement on the Naroda Patiya massacre. Hashtag #ModiHangout became the most trending term in India at Twitter on the day of the session, whereas #VoteOutModi, used by Modi's opponents, became the third most trending term in the country. A day before the session, Modi tweeted, "Friends, I am looking forward to exchanging ideas with you on G+ Hangout tomorrow on 'Realising Swami Vivekananda's vision of Strong India'!" The chat session was also shown on Modi's YouTube channel in real time. The chat was hosted by Bollywood actor Ajay Devgn, who was shooting for his upcoming film Himmatwala in Hyderabad.

Modi answered 18 questions in two sessions. The session didn't include many Gujarati people, with more people from other states and NRIs. Modi received one lakh questions. When asked about his definition of the word secular, he said, "Think that our nation must be on top in all respects. That is secularism, according to me," adding,"The word secular has been used and abused for votebank politics. Take the example of the microminority of Parsis who are a happy community living in Gujarat today."

Prime Ministerial candidate

The BJP secured a majority in 2012 elections. Narendra Modi won in his constituency Maninagar by a margin of 86,373 votes against Shweta Bhatt (wife of Sanjiv Bhatt) of the Indian National Congress. The BJP has been the ruling party in Gujarat since 1995.

International diplomacy

As the Chief Minister of the Gujarat State, to attract foreign investment in the state, Narendra Modi has made visits to foreign countries, including China, Singapore and Japan.

Narendra Modi made his first China visit in 2007 to invite investors Vibrant Gujarat Global Investor Summit, and second visit in November 2011. One month after the second visit to China, the Chinese Government released 13 diamond traders from India jailed by the Shenzhen Customs, which the Chief Minister described as the consequence of his diplomatic efforts and statesmanship.

In 2005 Narendra Modi was denied diplomatic visa to the United States, in addition to this visa denial, his already granted B-1/B-2 visa was also revoked, under a section of the Immigration and Nationality Act which makes any foreign government official who was responsible or "directly carried out, at any time, particularly severe violations of religious freedom" ineligible for the visa.

For ten years after the 2002 violence, the United Kingdom refused to deal with Narendra Modi, but the UK changed this policy in October 2012. Similarly, the European Union ended over a decade-old boycott of Modi in 2012, delinking his image from any human rights issues.

Awards and recognitions

• Gujarat Ratna by Shri Poona Gujarati Bandhu Samaj at Ganesh Kala Krida Manch on celebration of centenary year.
• e-Ratna award by the Computer Society of India
• Best Chief Minister – In a nationwide survey conducted in 2006 by India Today magazine, Narendra Modi was declared the Best Chief Minister in the country.
• Asian Winner of the fDi Personality of the Year Award for 2009 by fDi Magazine.
• In March 2012, Modi appeared on the cover of Time magazine, one of India's few politicians to have done so. His leadership was described as being strong and businesslike; one that could guide India towards honesty and efficiency.

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External links

Official

• @narendramodi Official & verified Twitter Account
• Narendra Modi Official Facebook Account
• Narendra Modi Official website
• Narendra Modi Personal blog

Template:Persondata

• Use dmy dates from March 2013
• 1950 births
• Living people
• Gujarati people
• Chief Ministers of Gujarat
• Gujarat University alumni
• Bharatiya Janata Party politicians
• People from Mehsana district
• Indian Hindus