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Krzysztof Radziwill raid to Moscow In summer of 1581, during the final stage of Livonian War (1558-1583), the ride during march to Pskov began by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Hetman Krzysztof Mikołaj Radziwill "the Thunderbolt" (1547-1603) led cavalry raided to the Grand Duchy of Moscow depth. From the end of July, by October 22. lasted raid was one of the most distant Lithuanian raids, reached the Upper Volga and struck the Muscovite "unbelievable fear" raid was a succesful: it managed to repatriate the huge booty of war and, most importantly, paralysis the Muscovite will to actively resist. It protected the Lithuanian and Polish troops from Moscow attack during Pskov attack.

Krzysztof Radziwill Mission

At the last stage of the Livonian War during preparation for the military campaign to Pskov in July 10 1581. in war encampment near Dysnos lake King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Bathory convened military council who decided into enemy occupied Orsha region and further send Hetman K. Radziwill lead cavalry units. They had to cover to Pskov marching united Lithuanian and Polish troops from the east from the Muscovite attacks. In August 5 K. Radziwill with about 4,000 cavalry started march from Vitebsk to the north. Hetman troops core of almost 1,000 personal K. Radziwill cavalry and cavalry units awarded by the nobleman's father, the great Grand Duchy of Lithuania Hetman Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł. In the march They were joined by the Lithuanian military cavalry and troops from the border castles units. Originally K. Radziwill squads browsed Orsha area. In July 29 Stephen Bathory ordered Hetman units to cover Grand Duchy of Lithuania border, Vitebsk and Suraż area. Near Toropets at the beginning of August, in the city Pokrov K. Radziwill troops joined by voivode of Smolensk Filon Kmita brought cavalry units - mercenaries and Lithuanian Cossacks. Joined forces were about 6,000 soldiers who were preparing devastating raids on the enemy's rear. The objective was to reconnoiter the enemy troops concentrations place and cause revolt. To commemorate the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas, K. Radziwill troops ordered not to touch Vytautas established Pokrov city. However, the invaded Smolensk region, area was heavily ransacking. Near the Selom River units faced two Muscovite armies, one was destroyed and the others attacks successfully repulsed.

Campaign

Later the forces invaded Ržev area. crossed the Volga by ford, burned Urdomos city and from thoses areas started to move towards Staric, where at that time resided as claimed 20,000 Tatars that protected Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan IV. Stefan Batory camp at the Pskov, heard the news that the K. Radziwill units on September 14, was just three or four miles from Staric that even from Ivan's IV palace could see from Lithuanians burning villages and settlements rising smokes. Filon Kmita even suggested to go around Staric take Moscow ruler as captive and end the war. However, K. Radziwill refused plan - besouse around them were more than 50,000 Moscovians army, which could destroy his army. After deciding not to risk lives of soldiers, K. Radziwill withdrew from Staric area and marched toward the Ilmen lake. Along the way, They beated from Toropeco to help Ivan IV marshed about 1,000 troops and Staraya Rus city defended the crew.

Aftermath

Military K. Radziwill expedition was a success. It protected the main forces of Grand Duchy of Lithuania-Polish from the attack of Moscow at Pskov while Ivan IV sent a negotiating mission. The victory was example of art of war. According to K. Radziwill report about the raid, it was decided to hold the assault Pskov and start negotiations consultations with Moscow

References

1. http://www.ldkistorija.lt/#1581-m-kristupo-radvilos-perkuno-diversinis-zygis-i-maskva_fact_414
2. J. Piotrowski, Dziennik wyprawy Stefana Batorego pod Psków, wyd. A. Czuczyński, Kraków, 1894.

48°54′15″N 34°7′18″E / 48.90417°N 34.12167°E / 48.90417; 34.12167

• Misplaced Pages articles needing cleanup after translation from July 2013
• 16th century in Lithuania
• 16th century in Russia
• Conflicts in 1581
• Battles involving the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• Battles of the Livonian War
• Battles involving Russia
• Battles involving Poland