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{{Infobox Bach composition
| image = Gottfried reiche.jpg
| caption = ], for whom the trumpet part was probably written
| title = {{lang|de|Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen}}
| bwv = 51
| type = ]
| occasion = 15th Sunday after ]
| performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1730|09|17|df=y}}|location=]}}
| movements = 5
| text_poet = anonymous
| chorale = "Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren"
| vocal = soprano solo
| instrumental = {{flatlist|
* ]
* 2 ]s
* ]
* ]
}}
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen'', BWV 51}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen'', BWV 51}}
'''''{{lang|de|Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen}}''''' (Exult in God in all lands), ] 51, is a ] by ]. He composed the solo cantata for soprano in ] for the 15th Sunday after ] but also for general use, and first performed it on 17 September 1730. '''''Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen''''' (Exult in God in all lands), ] 51, is a ] by ]. He composed the solo cantata for soprano in ] for the 15th Sunday after ] but also for general use, and first performed it on 17 September 1730.


== History and words == == History and words ==


Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the ]. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the ], ]'s admonition to "walk in the Spirit" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Galatians|chapter=5|verse=25|range=–6:10}}), and from the ], from the ] the demand not to worry about material needs, but to seek God's kingdom first ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=6|verse=23|range=–34}}).<ref name="Dürr" /> Bach wrote the cantata in Leipzig for the ]. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the ], ]'s admonition to "walk in the Spirit" ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Galatians|chapter=5|verse=25|range=–6:10}}), and from the ], from the ] the demand not to worry about material needs, but to seek God's kingdom first ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Matthew|chapter=6|verse=23|range=–34}}).<ref name="dürr" />


In 1726, the Sunday had been Michaelis, the feast of ], therefore a cantata for the occasion was missing in Bach's third annual cycle. Bach's manuscript indicates that it was written for the 15th Sunday after ] "et in ogni tempo" ("and at any time"). The latter phrase indicates the possible general use of the work, as the cantata text has no real direct relevance to the scriptural readings. The author is unknown. He incorporates in a ] ideas from {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=138|verse=2}}, {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=26|verse=8}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Lamentations|chapter=3|verse=22|range=–23}}. The closing ] is the fifth stanza of "{{lang|de|Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren}}", added to ]'s hymn in Königsberg in 1549.<ref name="Dürr" /> Bach had used the same verse in a different setting to close his cantata {{lang|de|]}}.<ref name="chorale text" /> In 1726, the Sunday had been Michaelis, the feast of ], therefore a cantata for the occasion was missing in Bach's third annual cycle. Bach's manuscript indicates that it was written for the 15th Sunday after ] "et in ogni tempo" ("and at any time"). The latter phrase indicates the possible general use of the work, as the cantata text has no real direct relevance to the scriptural readings. The author is unknown. He incorporates in a ] ideas from {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=138|verse=2}}, {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Psalms|chapter=26|verse=8}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Lamentations|chapter=3|verse=22|range=–23}}. The closing ] is the fifth stanza of "Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren", added to ]'s hymn in Königsberg in 1549.<ref name="dürr" /> Bach had used the same verse in a different setting to close his cantata '']''.<ref name="choralet" />


The cantata is one of only four sacred cantatas that Bach wrote for a solo soprano (if one excludes the arrangement made by Bach of the cantata for solo bass and oboe BWV 82, for flute and soprano ]) and no other vocal soloists (the others being {{lang|de|]}}, {{lang|de|]}}, and {{lang|de|]}}). There are, however, several secular cantatas for solo soprano (], ], ] and {{lang|de|]}}). The cantata is one of only four sacred cantatas that Bach wrote for a solo soprano (if one excludes the arrangement made by Bach of the cantata for solo bass and oboe BWV 82, for flute and soprano BWV 82a) and no other vocal soloists (the others being '']'', '']'', and '']''). There are, however, several secular cantatas for solo soprano (BWV 202, BWV 204, BWV 209 and '']'').


Both the soprano part, which covers two ]s and calls for a high C, and the solo trumpet part, which at times trades melodic lines with the soprano on an equal basis, are extremely virtuosic. ] assumes that Bach had an unusually gifted singer, adding that a female voice was unlikely in conservative Leipzig. The trumpet part was probably written for ], Bach's principal trumpeter at the time. The scoring is unique in Bach's cantatas, but was frequently used by Italian composers such as ]. Bach's son Friedemann Bach arranged the work by adding a second trumpet and ].<ref name="Dürr" /> Both the soprano part, which covers two ]s and calls for a high C, and the solo trumpet part, which at times trades melodic lines with the soprano on an equal basis, are extremely virtuosic. Alfred Dürr assumes that Bach had an unusually gifted singer, adding that a female voice was unlikely in conservative Leipzig. The trumpet part was probably written for ], Bach's principal trumpeter at the time. The scoring is unique in Bach's cantatas, but was frequently used by Italian composers such as ]. Bach's son Friedemann Bach arranged the work by adding a second trumpet and ].<ref name="dürr" />


According to ], Bach may have written the cantata shortly before 1730 for an unknown performance, before he used it for the 15th Sunday after Trinity on 17 September 1730. The performance material survived but does not reveal further detail, other than indicating one later performance.<ref name="Wolff" /> Hofmann sees a connection to the court of Weißenfels where a scoring of solo soprano and trumpet was popular. Bach had written two birthday cantatas for that court, the ''Hunting Cantata'', ], in 1713 and the ''Shepherd Cantata'', ], in 1713.<ref name="Hofmann" /> According to ], Bach may have written the cantata shortly before 1730 for an unknown performance, before he used it for the 15th Sunday after Trinity on 17 September 1730. The performance material survived but does not reveal further detail, other than indicating one later performance.<ref name="wolff" /> Hofmann sees a connection to the court of Weißenfels where a scoring of solo soprano and trumpet was popular. Bach had written two birthday cantatas for that court, the ''Hunting Cantata'', ], in 1713 and the ''Shepherd Cantata'', ], in 1713.<ref name="suzuki" />


== Scoring and structure == == Scoring and structure ==


The cantata in five movements is scored for solo ], ], two ]s, ] and ]. It is the only church cantata by Bach scored for solo soprano and trumpet.<ref name="Dürr" /> The cantata is scored for solo ], ], two ]s, ] and ]. It is the only church cantata by Bach scored for solo soprano and trumpet.<ref name="dürr" />


# Aria: ''{{lang|de|Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen}}'' # Aria: ''Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen''
# ''Recitativo'': ''{{lang|de|Wir beten zu dem Tempel an}}'' # Recitativo: ''Wir beten zu dem Tempel an''
# ''Aria'': ''{{lang|de|Höchster, mache deine Güte}}'' # Aria: ''Höchster, mache deine Güte''
# ''Chorale'': ''{{lang|de|Sei Lob und Preis mit Ehren}}'' # Chorale: ''Sei Lob und Preis mit Ehren''
# Finale: ''Alleluja'' # : ''Alleluja''


== Music == == Music ==


The music is concertante and virtuoso for both the trumpet and the soloist. The first aria and the concluding ''Alleluja'' are in the style of an Italian ].<ref name="Hofmann" /> The music is concertante and virtuoso for both the trumpet and the soloist. The first aria and the concluding ''Alleluja'' are in the style of an Italian ].<ref name="suzuki" />


The first aria is in ] form, with extended ]s. The only recitative is first accompanied by the strings, a second part is secco but ] The second aria is also accompanied only by the continuo "quasi ostinato"<ref name="Hofmann" /> which supports expressive coloraturas of the voice. The lines in the continuo, in constant movement in ] seem to constantly rise, towards the addressed "Höchster" (Highest).<ref name="Mincham" /> The chorale is a ], with the soprano singing the unadorned melody to a trio of two violins and continuo. The chorale leads without a break to a concluding ] "Alleluja" with the trumpet, bringing the cantata to a particularly festive close. The first aria is in ] form, with extended ]s. The only recitative is first accompanied by the strings, a second part is secco but ] The second aria is also accompanied only by the continuo "quasi ostinato"<ref name="suzuki" /> which supports expressive coloraturas of the voice. The lines in the continuo, in constant movement in ] seem to constantly rise, towards the addressed "Höchster" (Highest).<ref name="mincham" /> The chorale is a ], with the soprano singing the unadorned melody to a trio of two violins and continuo. The chorale leads without a break to a concluding ] "Alleluja" with the trumpet, bringing the cantata to a particularly festive close.


== Selected recordings == == Selected recordings ==
Line 61: Line 42:


== References == == References ==

{{refs {{refs
| colwidth = 30em | colwidth = 30em
| refs = | refs =


<ref name="Dürr"> <ref name="dürr">
{{cite book {{cite book
| last = Dürr | last = Dürr
Line 72: Line 52:
| authorlink = Alfred Dürr | authorlink = Alfred Dürr
| title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach | title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach
| year = 1981 | year = 1971
| publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag | publisher = Bärenreiter-Verlag
| isbn = 3-4230-4080-7 | oclc = 523584
| volume = 1 | volume = 1
| edition = 4
| pages = 444–446
| language = German | language = German
}} }}
</ref> </ref>


<ref name="chorale text"> <ref name="choralet">
{{cite web {{cite web
| url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale136-Eng3.htm | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale136-Eng3.htm
Line 92: Line 70:
</ref> </ref>


<ref name="Hofmann"> <ref name="suzuki">
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = Hofmann | last = Hofmann
Line 107: Line 85:
</ref> </ref>


<ref name="Wolff"> <ref name="wolff">
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = Wolff | last = Wolff
Line 122: Line 100:
</ref> </ref>


<ref name="Mincham"> <ref name="mincham">
{{cite web {{cite web
| last = Mincham | last = Mincham
Line 140: Line 118:
The first source is the score. The first source is the score.
* {{IMSLP2|id=Cantatas, BWV 51-60 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=Cantatas, BWV 51-60}} * {{IMSLP2|id=Cantatas, BWV 51-60 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=Cantatas, BWV 51-60}}
⚫ General sources are found for the ]s. Several databases provide additional information on each single cantata:

⚫ Several databases provide additional information on each cantata:
* history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, ''bach-cantatas'' website * history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, ''bach-cantatas'' website
* English translation, discussion, ] * English translation, discussion, ]

Revision as of 10:38, 4 September 2013

Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen (Exult in God in all lands), BWV 51, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the solo cantata for soprano in Leipzig for the 15th Sunday after Trinity but also for general use, and first performed it on 17 September 1730.

History and words

Bach wrote the cantata in Leipzig for the 15th Sunday after Trinity. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul's admonition to "walk in the Spirit" (Galatians 5:25–6:10), and from the Gospel of Matthew, from the Sermon on the Mount the demand not to worry about material needs, but to seek God's kingdom first (Matthew 6:23–34).

In 1726, the Sunday had been Michaelis, the feast of St. Michael, therefore a cantata for the occasion was missing in Bach's third annual cycle. Bach's manuscript indicates that it was written for the 15th Sunday after Trinity "et in ogni tempo" ("and at any time"). The latter phrase indicates the possible general use of the work, as the cantata text has no real direct relevance to the scriptural readings. The author is unknown. He incorporates in a recitative ideas from Psalms 138:2, Psalms 26:8 and Lamentations 3:22–23. The closing chorale is the fifth stanza of "Nun lob, mein Seel, den Herren", added to Johann Gramann's hymn in Königsberg in 1549. Bach had used the same verse in a different setting to close his cantata Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29.

The cantata is one of only four sacred cantatas that Bach wrote for a solo soprano (if one excludes the arrangement made by Bach of the cantata for solo bass and oboe BWV 82, for flute and soprano BWV 82a) and no other vocal soloists (the others being Falsche Welt, dir trau ich nicht, BWV 52, Ich bin vergnügt mit meinem Glücke, BWV 84, and Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut, BWV 199). There are, however, several secular cantatas for solo soprano (BWV 202, BWV 204, BWV 209 and O holder Tag, erwünschte Zeit, BWV 210).

Both the soprano part, which covers two octaves and calls for a high C, and the solo trumpet part, which at times trades melodic lines with the soprano on an equal basis, are extremely virtuosic. Alfred Dürr assumes that Bach had an unusually gifted singer, adding that a female voice was unlikely in conservative Leipzig. The trumpet part was probably written for Gottfried Reiche, Bach's principal trumpeter at the time. The scoring is unique in Bach's cantatas, but was frequently used by Italian composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti. Bach's son Friedemann Bach arranged the work by adding a second trumpet and timpani.

According to Christoph Wolff, Bach may have written the cantata shortly before 1730 for an unknown performance, before he used it for the 15th Sunday after Trinity on 17 September 1730. The performance material survived but does not reveal further detail, other than indicating one later performance. Hofmann sees a connection to the court of Weißenfels where a scoring of solo soprano and trumpet was popular. Bach had written two birthday cantatas for that court, the Hunting Cantata, BWV 208, in 1713 and the Shepherd Cantata, BWV 249a, in 1713.

Scoring and structure

The cantata is scored for solo soprano, trumpet, two violins, viola and continuo. It is the only church cantata by Bach scored for solo soprano and trumpet.

  1. Aria: Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen
  2. Recitativo: Wir beten zu dem Tempel an
  3. Aria: Höchster, mache deine Güte
  4. Chorale: Sei Lob und Preis mit Ehren
  5. : Alleluja

Music

The music is concertante and virtuoso for both the trumpet and the soloist. The first aria and the concluding Alleluja are in the style of an Italian concerto.

The first aria is in da capo form, with extended coloraturas. The only recitative is first accompanied by the strings, a second part is secco but arioso The second aria is also accompanied only by the continuo "quasi ostinato" which supports expressive coloraturas of the voice. The lines in the continuo, in constant movement in 12/8 time seem to constantly rise, towards the addressed "Höchster" (Highest). The chorale is a chorale fantasia, with the soprano singing the unadorned melody to a trio of two violins and continuo. The chorale leads without a break to a concluding fugue "Alleluja" with the trumpet, bringing the cantata to a particularly festive close.

Selected recordings

The piece was recorded by sopranos such as Elisabeth Schwarzkopf (from 1948), Maria Stader (1959), Elly Ameling (1970), Edith Mathis (1972), Edita Gruberova (1979), Lucia Popp (1980), Helen Donath (1983), Elizabeth Parcells (1983), Monika Frimmer (1984), Barbara Hendricks (1989), Christine Schäfer (1999), Siri Thornhill (2007).

References

  1. ^ Dürr, Alfred (1971). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). Vol. 1. Bärenreiter-Verlag. OCLC 523584.
  2. "Nun lob, mein' Seel', den Herren / Text and Translation of Chorale". bach-cantatas.com. 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  3. Wolff, Christoph (2001). "The cantatas of the period 1726-1731 and of the Picander cycle (1728-29)" (PDF). bach-cantatas.com. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  4. ^ Hofmann, Klaus (2005). "Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen!" (PDF). bach-cantatas.com. p. 6. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  5. Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 53 BWV 51 Jauchzet Gott in allen Landen". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 12 September 2012.

Sources

The first source is the score.

General sources are found for the Bach cantatas. Several databases provide additional information on each single cantata:

External links

  • "Alleluja" Heinrich Schütz Ensemble München, Emma Kirkby
Cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach by BWV number
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