Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 22:50, 8 October 2013

Hassan Rouhani حسن روحانی
File:Hassan Rouhani official portrait.jpg
7th President of Iran
Incumbent
Assumed office 3 August 2013
Vice President	Eshaq Jahangiri
Supreme Leader	Ali Khamenei
Preceded by	Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council
In office 14 October 1989 – 15 August 2005
President	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Mohammad Khatami
Deputy	Hossein Mousavian
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ali Larijani
Deputy Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly
In office 28 May 1992 – 26 May 2000
Speaker	Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri
Preceded by	Behzad Nabavi
Succeeded by	Mohammad-Reza Khatami
Head of the Department of Foreign Policy and National Security
In office 10 May 1992 – 10 May 2000
Preceded by	Eshaq Jahangiri
Succeeded by	Alaeddin Boroujerdi
Head of the Department of Defense
In office 7 November 1980 – 12 May 1988
Preceded by	Hashem Sabbaghian
Succeeded by	Asadollah Bayat-Zanjani
Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement
Incumbent
Assumed office 3 August 2013
Preceded by	Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly from Tehran
In office 17 May 1984 – 5 May 2000
Preceded by	Hassan Habibi
Succeeded by	Fatemeh Haghighatjoo
Member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly from Semnan
In office 9 May 1980 – 17 May 1984
Preceded by	Alireza Khosravi
Succeeded by	Hossein Chitsaz
Personal details
Born	Hassan Fereydoon (1948-11-12) 12 November 1948 (age 76) Sorkheh, Iran
Political party	Combatant Clergy Association (1987–present)
Other political affiliations	Islamic Republican Party (1979–1987)
Spouse	Sahebeh Rouhani (1954–present)
Children	5
Residence(s)	Sa'dabad Palace (Official) Jamaran (Private)
Alma mater	Qom Hawza University of Tehran Glasgow Caledonian University
Signature
Website	Government website

Hassan Rouhani (Template:Lang-fa; born on 12 November 1948) is the 7th and current President of Iran and also a Muslim cleric (with the status of a Shia Mujtahid), lawyer, academic and former diplomat. He has been a member of Iran's Assembly of Experts since 1999, member of the Expediency Council since 1991, member of the Supreme National Security Council since 1989, and head of the Center for Strategic Research since 1992.

Rouhani was also deputy speaker of the 4th and 5th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis - Iranian Parliament) and secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the latter capacity, he also headed Iran's former nuclear negotiating team and was the country's top negotiator with the EU three – UK, France, and Germany – on Iran's nuclear program.

On 7 May 2013, Rouhani registered for the presidential election that was held on 14 June 2013. He said that, if elected, he would prepare a "civil rights charter", restore the economy and improve rocky relations with Western nations. Rouhani is viewed as politically moderate. As early vote counts began coming in, he took a large lead. He was elected as President of Iran on 15 June, defeating Tehran mayor Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf and four other candidates. He took office on 3 August 2013.

Name

He was born Hassan Fereydoun (or Fereydun, in reference to a just king in Persian mythology, Template:Lang-fa, Template:IPA-fa) and later changed his last name to Rouhani, which means "spiritual" or "cleric" (Template:Lang-fa, Standard Persian: , or Template:IPA-fa, Tehrani accent: Template:IPA-fa; also transliterated as Ruhani, Rowhani, and Rohani). It is not clear when he officially changed his last name. He was named as "Hassan Fereydoon Rouhani" (حسن فریدون روحانی) in a list of Majlis representatives on 5 July 1981, while photos of his identification card (Shenasnameh) taken around his presidential campaign in 2013 only mention "Rouhani" as his last name.

Early life and education

Hassan Rouhani (born Hassan Fereydoun) was born on 12 November 1948 in Sorkheh, near Semnan, into a religious family. His father, Haj Asadollah Fereydoun (died 2011), had a spice shop in Sorkheh and his mother lives in Semnan with her daughters and sons-in-law. Asadollah Fereydoun is reported to have been politically active against Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah (king) of Iran, and arrested first in 1962, and then more than twenty times before the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

Rouhani started religious studies in 1960, first at Semnan Seminary before moving on to the Qom Seminary in 1961. He attended classes taught by prominent scholars of that time including Mohammad Mohaghegh Damad, Morteza Haeri Yazdi, Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, Soltani, Mohammad Fazel Lankarani, and Mohammad Shahabadi. In addition, he studied modern courses, and was admitted to the University of Tehran in 1969, and obtained a B.A. degree in Judicial Law in 1972. In 1973, Rouhani entered military service in the city of Nishapur.

Rouhani continued his studies at Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland, graduating in 1995 with an M.Phil. degree in Law with his thesis entitled "The Islamic legislative power with reference to the Iranian experience" and a Ph.D. degree in Constitutional Law in 1999 for a thesis titled "The Flexibility of Shariah (Islamic Law) with reference to the Iranian experience". Rouhani's Caledonian research was initially supervised by Iranian lawyer and scholar Professor Sayed Hassan Amin and later by Islamic law scholar Dr Mahdi Zahraa.

The website of the Center for Strategic Research, a think-tank headed by Rouhani, misattributed his PhD to Glasgow University rather than Glasgow Caledonian University and confusion ensued as a result on whether he was a graduate of either university, especially as he was known during his student years by his birth name "Hassan Fereydoun". Glasgow Caledonian University carried out an internal investigation to confirm Rouhani's alumnus status and after confirming it, it published Rouhani’s theses abstracts and a video showing him being capped, as Scottish academic tradition provides, during the University's 1999 graduation ceremony.

Analysis by three bloggers indicated that two passages in his PhD thesis were identical to a 1991 book by Mohammad Hashim Kamali. The University library confirmed that Rouhani had cited Kamali's work both in the main body of the thesis and in the bibliography and that his theses were under no academic investigation.

Rouhani is fluent in Persian, English and Arabic.

Political activities before the Iranian Revolution

As a young cleric Hassan Rouhani started his political activities by following the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini during the beginning of the Iranian Islamist movement. In 1965, he began traveling throughout Iran making speeches against the government of the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah (king) of Iran. During those years he was arrested many times and was banned from delivering public speeches.

In November 1977, during a public ceremony held at Tehran's Ark Mosque to commemorate the death of Mostafa Khomeini (the elder son of the Ayatollah Khomeini), Rouhani used the title "Imam" for the Ayatollah Khomeini, the then exiled leader of the Islamist movement, for the first time. It has been suggested that the title has been used for Khomeini by others before, including by the Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, although Rouhani was influential in publicizing the title.

Since he was under surveillance by SAVAK (Iran's pre-revolution intelligence agency), the Ayatollah Mohammad Beheshti and the Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari advised him to leave the country.

Outside Iran he made public speeches to Iranian students studying abroad and joined Khomeini upon arriving in France.

Political career during 1980s and 1990s

Early years of Islamic Republic

Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution in Iran, Rouhani, who had been engaged in revolutionary struggles for about two decades, did his best to stabilize the nascent Islamic Republic and as a first step, he started with organizing the disorderly Iranian army and military bases. He was elected to the Parliament of Iran (Majlis) in 1980. During five terms in the Majlis and for a total period of 20 years (from 1980 to 2000), he served in various capacities including deputy speaker of the Majlis (in 4th and 5th terms), as well as the head of defense committee (1st and 2nd terms), and foreign policy committee (4th and 5th terms).

Among responsibilities shouldered by him in the post-revolution era was leadership of the Supervisory Council of the IRIB from 1980 to 1983. In July 1983, while Rouhani was heading the council, the council members and Rouhani had conflicts with Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani the then head of IRIB, which led to temporary replacement of Hashemi by first Rouhani and then immediately Mohammad Javad Larijani. The conflict was resolved by Ayatollah Khomeini intervening and insisting on Hashemi staying as the head of IRIB.

Iran-Iraq war

During the Iran-Iraq war, Rouhani was a member of the Supreme Defense Council (1982–1988), member of the High Council for Supporting War and headed its Executive Committee (1986–1988), deputy commander of the war (1983–1985), commander of the Khatam-ol-Anbiya Operation Center (1985–1988), and commander of the Iran Air Defense Force (1986–1991). He was appointed as Deputy to Second-in-Command of Iran's Joint Chiefs of Staff (1988–1989).

When Robert C. McFarlane, Reagan' national security adviser, came to Tehran in May 1986, Rouhani was one of the three people who talked to McFarlane about buying weapons. Eventually, this weapons sale became known as the Iran-Contra affair.

At the end of the war, Hassan Rouhani was awarded the second-grade Fath (Victory) Medal along with a group of commanders of the Iranian Army and the Revolutionary Guards. In another ceremony on the occasion of the liberation of Khoramshahr, he and a group of other officials and military commanders who were involved in the war with Iraq were awarded first-grade Nasr Medal by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Ayatollah Khamenei.

After the War

Rouhani was offered and turned down the post of the Minister of Intelligence of Iran in 1989.

After the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was amended and the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) came into being up to the present time, he has been representative of the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, at the council. Rouhani was the first secretary of the SNSC and kept the post for 16 years from 1989 to 2005. He was also national security advisor – to President Hashemi and President Khatami – for 13 years from 1989 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2005. In 1991, Rouhani was appointed to the Expediency Council and has kept that post up to the present time. He heads Political, Defense, and Security Committee of the Expediency Council.

After Iran student protests, July 1999 he, as secretary of Supreme National Security Council, stated in a pro-government rally that "At dusk yesterday we received a decisive revolutionary order to crush mercilessly and monumentally any move of these opportunist elements wherever it may occur. From today our people shall witness how in the arena our law enforcement force . . . shall deal with these opportunists and riotous elements, if they simply dare to show their faces." and led the crackdown.

In the midterm elections for the third term of the Assembly of Experts which was held on 18 February 2000, Rouhani was elected to the Assembly of Experts from Semnan Province. He was elected as Tehran Province's representative to the Assembly's fourth term in 2006 and is still serving in that capacity. He was the head of the political and social committee of the assembly of experts (from 2001 to 2006), member of the presiding board, and head of Tehran office of the secretariat of the assembly (from 2006 to 2008). On 5 March 2013 he was elected as a member of the Assembly's "Commission for investigating ways of protecting and guarding Velayat-e Faqih".

In addition to executive posts, Rouhani kept up his academic activities. From 1995 to 1999, he was a member of the board of trustees of Tehran Universities and North Region. Rouhani has been running the Center for Strategic Research since 1991. He is the managing editor of three academic and research quarterlies in Persian and English, which include Rahbord (Strategy), Foreign Relations, and the Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs.

Nuclear dossier

Rouhani was secretary of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC) for 16 years. His leading role in the nuclear negotiations which brought him the nickname of "Diplomat Sheikh", first given to him by the nascent Sharq newspaper in November 2003 and was frequently repeated after that by domestic and foreign Persian-speaking media. His career at the Council began under President Hashemi Rafsanjani and continued under his successor, President Khatami. His term as Iran's top nuclear negotiator, however, was limited to 678 days (from 6 October 2003 to 15 August 2005). That period began with international revelations about Iran's nuclear energy program and adoption of a strongly-worded resolution by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In June 2004, the board of governors of the IAEA issued a statement which was followed by a resolution in September of the same year, which focused on Iran's nuclear case with the goal of imposing difficult commitments on Iran. That development was concurrent with the victory of the United States in Iraq war and escalation of war rhetoric in the region. The international community was experiencing unprecedented tensions as a result of which Iran's nuclear advances were considered with high sensitivity.

As tensions increased and in view of the existing differences between Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Atomic Energy Organization, a proposal was put forth by foreign minister, Kamal Kharazi, which was accepted by the president and other Iranian leaders. According to that proposal, a decision was made to establish a politically, legally, and technically efficient nuclear team with Hassan Rouhani in charge. The team was delegated with special powers in order to formulate a comprehensive plan for Iran's interactions with the IAEA and coordination among various concerned organizations inside the country. Therefore, on the order of President Mohammad Khatami with the confirmation of Ali Khamenei, Hassan Rouhani took charge of Iran's nuclear case on 6 October 2003. Subsequently, negotiations between Iran and three European states started at Saadabad in Tehran and continued in later months in Brussels, Geneva and Paris.

“While we were talking with the Europeans in Tehran, we were installing equipment in parts of the nuclear conversion facility in Isfahan. By creating a calm environment, we were able to complete the work there.”

Rouhani and his team, whose members had been introduced by Velayati and Kharazi as the best diplomats in the Iranian Foreign Ministry, based their efforts on dialogue and confidence building due to political and security conditions as well as strong propaganda against Iran. As a first step, they prevented further escalation of accusations against Iran in order to prevent reporting Iran's nuclear case to the United Nations Security Council. Therefore, and for the purpose of confidence building, certain parts of Iran's nuclear activities were voluntarily suspended at several junctures.

In addition to building confidence, insisting on Iran's rights, reducing international pressures and the possibility of war, and preventing Iran's case from being reported to the UN Security Council, Iran succeeded in completing its nuclear fuel cycle and took groundbreaking steps. However, decisions made by the nuclear team under the leadership of Rouhani were criticized by certain circles in later years.

Following the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president, Rouhani resigned his post as secretary of the Supreme National Security Council after 16 years on 15 August 2005, and was succeeded by Ali Larijani as the new secretary who also took charge of Iran's nuclear case. Larijani, likewise, could not get along with the policies of the new government and resigned his post on 20 October 2007, to be replaced by Saeed Jalili. Rouhani then was appointed by the Supreme Leader as his representative at the SNSC.

Presidential campaign

Our centrifuges are good to spin when our people’s economy is also spinning in right direction.

Rouhani was considered a leading candidate in the June election because of his centrist views yet close ties to Iran's ruling clerics and the Green Movement. He announced his presidential candidacy on 11 March 2013 and registered as a presidential candidate on 7 May. Amid the run-up to the election, former presidents Mohammad Khatami and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, together with reformists supported Rouhani on the presidential race after pro-reform candidate Mohammad Reza Aref dropped out of the presidential race after Khatami advised him to quit in favor of Rouhani. On 10 June, Mehr news agency and Fars news agency, suggested that Rouhani might be disqualified prior to the election and The Washington Post, in an editorial, claimed that Rouhani "will not be allowed to win". On 15 June 2013, Interior Minister Mostafa Mohammad Najjar announced the results of the election, with a total number of 36,704,156 ballots cast; Rouhani won 18,613,329 votes, while his main rival Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf secured 6,077,292 votes. Rouhani performed well with both the middle class and youth, even garnering majority support in religious cities such as Mashhad and Qom (an important seat of Shia Islam and the clergy, many of whom surprisingly do not support conservatives) as well as small towns and villages. Rouhani's electoral landslide victory was widely seen as the result of the Green Movement from the 2009 elections, with crowds chanting pro-reform slogans. Religious Iranians equally celebrated Rouhani's victory, demonstrating what analysts described as a thorough rejection of the policies of the conservative factions.

Presidency

Inauguration

He was announced the winner on the day following the election. He received his presidential precept from his predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on 3 August 2013 and entered Sa'dabad Palace in a private ceremony. His work as president officially began on the same day at 17:00 IRDT. He was inaugurated as the seventh president of Iran on 4 August in House of the Parliament.

Cabinet

Rouhani announced his cabinet on 4 August. He had a ten day mandate for introducing his cabinet members to the parliament but he did not use this. Then, parliament must vote to his cabinet, that is scheduled to be on 14–19 August. Between three reformists politicians (Mohammad Reza Aref, Eshaq Jahangiri or Mohammad Shariatmadari) that was likely for the vice presidency, Rouhani appointed Jahangiri for the position. There were also many candidates for ministry of foreign affairs: Ali Akbar Salehi, Kamal Kharazi, Sadegh Kharazi, Mohammad Javad Zarif and Mahmoud Vaezi but Zarif becomes Rouhani's final nominee. Although several names were being circulated for the other ministrial posts before the final announcement, the office of president-elect denied these speculations. On 23 July 2013, it was reported that eight members of the Rouhani's cabinet had been finalized, Jahangiri as first vice president, Zarif as foreign minister, Rahmani Fazli as interior minister, Tayebnia as finance minister, Dehghan as defense minister, Namdar Zanganeh as petroleum minister, Najafi as education minister, Chitchian as energy minister, Nematzadeh as industries minister, Hassan Hashemi as health minister and Akhondi as transportation minister. This become officially after Rouhani presented the list of his ministry nominates to the parliament in his inauguration day. He also appointed Mohammad Nahavandian as his chief of staff.

Domestic policy

Economic

The economic policy of Hassan Rouhani focuses on the long-term economic development of Iran. It deals with increasing the purchasing power of the public, economic growth, raising sufficient funds, implementation of the general policies of 44th Principle of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and improving the business environment in the short term. Rouhani believes that improving the economic conditions of the people should be accomplished by boosting the purchasing power of the people, reducing the wealth gap. He also thinks that equitable distribution of national wealth and economic growth lead to all mentioned economic goals. He states that if national wealth was not created, poverty would be distributed. National wealth creation causes an increase in real income per capita and equitable distribution of wealth. His plan is targeted to increase direct and indirect assistance to low-income groups.

Rouhani is urgently going to regenerate Management and Planning Organization of Iran. His economic policies also comprise optimal distribution of subsidies, control of liquidity and inflation, speeding economic growth and reducing import. He believes that inflation results in damaging effects on the economy of families and hopes to deflate that in Foresight and Hope Cabinet.

Rouhani plans urgent economic priorities such as control of high inflation, increasing purchasing power and cutting down high unemployment.

Human and Women's Rights

Rouhani is an active supporter of women's rights. In a speech after he was elected as the President of Iran, he said:

"There must be equal opportunities for women. There is no difference between man and woman in their creation, in their humanity, in their pursuit of knowledge, in their understanding, in their intelligence, in their religious piety, in serving God and in serving people."

Rouhani's government appointed Elham Aminzadeh as a vice president; as well as Marzieh Afkham the first female spokesperson for the foreign ministry. Rouhani has promised to set up a ministry for women. Many women's rights activists, however, are reluctant about a ministry for women; because they feel that this ministry may isolate women's issues. It has also been suggested that Rouhani will require a deputy minister position within each ministry to address gender issues and issues pertaining to women.

In September 2013, Rouhani ordered freedom of eleven political prisoners including noted human rights lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh. The eight women and three men are said to also include the reformist politician Mohsen Aminzadeh. The move comes just days before his visit of United States for the United Nations General Assembly.

Culture and Media

Regarding internet censorship, he has stated: "Gone are the days when a wall could be built around the country. Today there are no more walls." He has also criticized Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting for showing trivial foreign news, while ignoring pressing national matters. Rouhani also appeared to pledge his support for increasing Iranians’ access to the Internet, social media, and other political and social freedoms. In an interview, he said: "We want the people, in their private lives, to be completely free, and in today’s world having access to information and the right of free dialogue, and the right to think freely, is the right of all peoples, including the people of Iran."

Foreign policy

United States

Rouhani's visit to the New York in September 2013 was hailed as major progress in Iran's relations with United States. He previously said that his government is ready to hold talks with the United States after thirty two years. However, after U.S. President Barack Obama requested a one-by-one meeting with him, Rouhani rejected it. On 27 September 2013, a day after the two countries foreign ministers met during the P5+1 and Iran talks, Rouhani had a phone call with President Obama that marked two countries' highest political exchange since 1979.

Syria civil war

It is generally assumed that he will follow the ruling establishment in completely supporting Bashar al-Assad, Syria’s contentious president, in the Syrian civil war, as well as "strengthening the Shia crescent" that runs from southern Lebanon, through Syria, Iraq and into Iran. In his first press conference after winning the presidential election, Rouhani said that "the ultimate responsibility to resolve the Syrian civil war should be in the hands of the Syrian people."

Saudi Arabia

On Iran's relationship to Saudi Arabia, Rouhani wrote that during the Khatami administration, he, as the secretary-general of the National Security Council at that time, reached "a comprehensive and strategic agreement" with the Saudis, but that this agreement was not upheld during the Ahmadinejad's government. Specifically, while discussing the episode, he stated:

"there was a consensus that we should have good relations with Saudi Arabia. No one within the nezaam was opposed to it. I went to Saudi Arabia for the first time in 1998. At that time Saudi Arabia had accused us of involvement in the Khobar Towers bombing. I went to Saudi Arabia as the secretary-general of the SNSC. From their side, Nayef bin Abdulaziz took part in the negotiations. The negotiations began at 10 p.m. and lasted until 5 a.m. the next morning. We finally agreed on a security agreement. I returned to Saudi Arabia in 2005, and had extensive discussions about the region, mutual problems between us, and the nuclear issue. We agreed with Nayef to form four committees. They were supposed to convene every few months and pursue the issues. After I left secretary-general, none of the committees were formed and there were no meetings."

— Sterateji-ye Amniat-e Melli Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (National Security Strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran), in x, x, Hassan Rouhani

Views on Israel

Rouhani describes Israel as "an occupier and usurper government" that "does injustice to the people of the region, and has brought instability to the region, with its warmongering policies." When asked whether he believed the holocaust was a myth, Rouhani replied: "I'm not a historian. I'm a politician." In an interview with CNN, it was claimed by the CNN translator that Rouhani had acknowledged the existence of the Holocaust, however CNN's statements were accused by Iranian state media as a fabrication created by a deliberate mistranslation by CNN. Other sources, such as the Wall Street Journal, argued that their independent translators corroborated Iranian media's position, and described CNN's translation as highly inaccurate, having added to their translation many words (such as 'holocaust') that he had not said.

Political positions

Rouhani is considered to be a moderate and pragmatic politician. In 2000, Washington Institute for Near East Policy described him as "power-hungry". He was elected as president with heavy reformist support, and he pledged to follow through with reformist demands, and use his insider status within the government to bridge divides between reformists and conservatives. Iranian presidential office declined the White House offer of meeting the two presidents besides the UN assembly. Iranians say because it was too complicated at the time and they hadn't arranged for that meeting at that time. The American spokesman of the White House still mentions that the White House is still ready to make talks in case Iranians are serious to be cooperative on nuclear issues.

Personal life

Rouhani married his cousin, Sahebeh Arabi (Rouhani) who is six years younger, when he was around 20 years old and has four children. Rouhani's wife changed her last name from "Arabi" (Template:Lang-fa) to "Rouhani" some time after marriage. Born in 1954, she is not politically active. The Guardian and the Financial Times reported that Rouhani also had a fifth child, a son who has died in unknown circumstances.

Rouhani has three sisters and a brother. Rouhani's brother, Hossein Fereydoon, is also a diplomat and politician, a former governor, ambassador, and former Vice Minister of Intelligence. He was Rouhani's representative to IRIB in arrangements for presidential debates. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, in a memoir dated 15 May 1982, mentions Hossein Fereydoon as the then governor of Karaj. Rafsanjani later briefly mentions Fereydoon in a memoir dated 31 March 1984: "In Karaj, something has happened about Mr. Ferydoon Rouhani".

Publications

Having the rank of research professor at Iran's Center for Strategic Research, he has written many books and articles in Persian, English and Arabic, including the following:

in Persian

• Islamic Revolution: Roots and Challenges (انقلاب اسلامی؛ ریشه‌ها و چالش‌ها), June 1997, ISBN 9649102507
• Fundaments of Political Thoughts of Imam Khomeini (مبانی تفکر سیاسی امام خمینی), July 1999
• Memoirs of Dr. Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 1: The Islamic Revolution (خاطرات دکتر حسن روحانی؛ جلد اول: انقلاب اسلامی), February 2008, ISBN 9786005914801
• Introduction to Islamic Countries (آشنایی با کشورهای اسلامی), November 2008
• Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 1: Conceptual Framework (اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد اول: مبانی نظری), December 2009, ISBN 9789649539409
• Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 2: Foreign Policy (اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد دوم: سیاست خارجی), December 2009, ISBN 9789649539416
• Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 3: Cultural and Social Issues (اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد سوم: مسائل فرهنگی و اجتماعی), December 2009, ISBN 9789649539423
• National Security and Economic System of Iran (امنیت ملی و نظام اقتصادی ایران), August 2010, ISBN 9786005247947
• National Security and Nuclear Diplomacy (امنیت ملی و دیپلماسی هسته‌ای), January 2011, ISBN 9786002900074
• Role of Seminaries in Moral and Political Developments of Society (نقش حوزه‌های علمیه در تحولات اخلاقی و سیاسی جامعه), November 2011
• An Introduction to the History of Shia' Imams (مقدمه‌ای بر تاریخ امامان شیعه), March 2012, ISBN 9786005914948
• Age of Legal Capacity and Responsibility (سن اهلیت و مسئولیت قانونی), October 2012, ISBN 9786002900135
• Memoirs of Dr. Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 2: Sacred Defense (خاطرات دکتر حسن روحانی؛ جلد دوم: دفاع مقدس), January 2013
• Narration of Foresight and Hope (روایت تدبیر و امید), March 2013
• National Security and Foreign Policy (امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی), May 2013
• National Security and Environment (امنیت ملی و محیط زیست), May 2013

in English

• The Islamic Legislative Power, May 1994
• The Flexibility of Shariah; Islamic Law, April 1996

in Arabic

• Comments on Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence); Lessons of the Late Muhaqqiq Damaad (تقريرات درس فقه مرحوم محقق داماد) (Chapter on Prayers ), November 2012
• Comments on Usul (Principles of Fiqh); Lessons of the Late Ayatollah Haeri (تقريرات درس أصول مرحوم حائري) (Chapter on Academic Principles ), March 2013

References

1. ^ "نکته هایی جالب در شناسنامه روحانی + عکس". Shoma News (in Persian). Retrieved 15 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
2. Hassan Rouhani wins Iran presidential election BBC, 15 June 2013
3. Iran’s Presidential Election Heats up as Reformist Rowhani Enters Race, Farhang Jahanpour, Informed Comment, 12 April 2013, Juan Cole
4. ^ Rouhani, Hassan (2008). Memoirs of Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 1: The Islamic Revolution (in Persian). Tehran, Iran: Center for Strategic Research. ISBN 978-600-5914-80-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
5. "Members of Assembly of Experts". Assembly of Experts. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
6. "Two new members appointed to the Expediency Discernment Council". The Office of the Supreme Leader. 8 May 1991.
7. "Hassan Rouhani appointed as the Supreme Leader's representative to the SNSC". The Office of the Supreme Leader. 13 November 1989.
8. ^ "Hassan Rouhani's Résumé". CSR. 11 April 2013.
9. ^ Rouhani, Hassan (2011). National Security and Nuclear Diplomacy (in Persian). Tehran, Iran: Center for Strategic Research. ISBN 978-600-290-007-4. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
10. "Iran's former nuclear negotiator registers for presidential campaign". People's Daily. 7 May 2013.
11. "Former nuclear negotiator joins Iran's presidential race". Reuters. 11 April 2013.
12. "Expediency Council member Rohani to run for president". Press TV. 11 April 2013.
13. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz. "Moderate cleric Hassan Rohani wins Iran Vote". Wall Street Journal.
14. ^ "Hassan Rouhani leads Iran presidential election vote count". BBC News. 15 June 2013.
15. "Hassan Rouhani wins Iran presidential election". BBC News. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
16. Fassihi, Farnaz (15 June 2013). "Moderate Candidate Wins Iran's Presidential Vote". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
17. "Hassan Rouhani takes over as Iran president". BBC News. 3 August 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
18. Sadri Afshar, G. H.; Hakami, Nasrin; Hakami, Nastaran, eds. (2002). فرهنگ معاصر فارسی (in Persian) (4th ed.). Tehran: Farhang Moaser Publishers. p. 679. ISBN 964-5545-68-4. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
19. "مجلس شورای اسلامی، دوره ۱، جلسه ۱۷۴" (in Persian). 5 July 1981.
20. ^ "Q&A - Former Iran Nuclear Negotiator: Bush Negotiation Bid Was Rebuffed". PBS. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
21. "مراسم ختم پدر حسن روحانی برگزار شد". ISNA (in Persian). 5 October 2011.
22. ^ "یک روز در زادگاه و خانه پدری حسن روحانی/تصاویر". Mehr Magazine (in Persian). 17 July 2013.
23. ^ "مادر دکتر حسن‌روحانی از فرزندش می‌گوید/ عکس". Mehr Magazine (in Persian). 19 June 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
24. "حاج اسدالله فریدون، پدر دکتر روحانی به دیار باقی شتافت". Aftab News (in Persian). 2 October 2011.
25. "مشرق نیور". GCU. 17 June 2013.
26. "GCU congratulates alumnus Hassan Rouhani on his election as the next President of Iran". GCU University News and Events. 19 June 2013.
27. "alumnus Hassan Feridon". GCU lost alumni database. 18 June 2013.
28. "GCU Alumnus to be next President of Iran". GCU. 17 June 2013.
29. Website Sheds Light On Iran Elections Process, Players
30. Hassan Rouhani PhD & MPhil | Library Matters
31. Dr Hassan Rouhani of Iran receiving his doctorate in 1999 YouTube
32. ^ Adkins, Stephen. "Did Hassan Rouhani- The Incoming Iranian President Plagiarize his PhD Thesis?". University Herald.
33. Did Iran's New President Plagiarize in His Ph.D. Thesis Abstract?|War of Ideas
34. کشف «دزدی علمی» در «خلاصه» تز روحانی|Khodnevis
35. Interview Radio Free Europe
36. "استفاده از لفظ "امام" برای رهبر كبير انقلاب: ساواك قبل از حسن روحاني". Tabnak (in Persian). 23 October 2007.
37. "آیت الله خمینی چگونه به امام خمینی ملقب شد؟". Jamaran (in Persian). 4 February 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
38. Rahim Nikbakht (4 June 2013). "عنوان "امام" برای امام خمینی برای بار اول توسط ساواک بکار رفته است" (in Persian). The Majlis Library, Museum, and Archive. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
39. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (22 July 1983). "پیام رئیس جمهور کره جنوبی به هاشمی/ گزارش دکتر روحانی از اختلافش با محمد هاشمی". آرامش و چالش (in Persian).
40. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (21 July 1983). "نظر هاشمی درباره بازجویی سپاه از نمایندگان اقلیت مجلس/ عصبانیت امام از پخش خبر استعفای محمد هاشمی". آرامش و چالش (in Persian).
41. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (23 July 1983). "جزوه اخوان المسلمین برای هاشمی/ سرپرستی جواد لاریجانی بر صداوسیما چگونه لغو شد؟". آرامش و چالش.
42. "The IRGC Strategic Brain Trust; Part 1: Ghasem Soleimani and Ahmad Vahidi". PBS. August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
43. Whebn Rouhani met Ollie North
44. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (8 August 1989). "گلایه هاشمی از اظهار نظر خودسرانه معاون وزیر خارجه / نمودار سازمانی محمد هاشمی برای نهاد ریاست جمهوری". بازسازی و سازندگی (in Persian). دکتر روحانی آمد. مشکلات وزارت اطلاعات را گفت و اظهار عدم تمایل برای این سمت کرد؛ اصرار نکردم.
45. "Iran election: reports of late surge for more moderate candidate Hassan Rowhani". The Telegraph. 14 June 2013.
46. "Behind Iran's 'Moderate' New Leader". The Wall Street Journal. 16 June 2013.
47. "اعضاى كمیسیون بررسى راه‏هاى پاسدارى و حراست از ولایت فقیه" (in Persian). The Secretariat of the Assembly of Experts. 5 March 2013.
48. Nuclear Decision-Making in Iran: A Rare Glimpse Dr. Chen Kane, Middle East Brief 5, May 2006, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University, quoting: Text of speech by Supreme National Security Council Secretary Hassan Rohani to the Supreme Cultural Revolution Council, “Beyond the Challenges Facing Iran and the IAEA Concerning the Nuclear Dossier,” Rahbord (in Persian), Retrieved 30 September 2005 place and date not given, 7-38. FBIS-IAP20060113336001
49. "Former Chief Nuclear Negotiator Criticizes Ahmadinejad". Iran Pulse. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
50. "Iran's Former Nuclear Negotiator Slams Ahmadinejad, Calls Him 'Demagogue'". Fox News. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
51. Frederic Wehrey (2009). "The Rise of the Pasdaran" (PDF). RAND Corporation. Retrieved 20 August 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
52. "Iran votes Friday on a president, but the ballot is quite limited". The Washington Post.
53. "Presidential candidate Rouhani says will form inclusive administration". Press TV. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
54. Torbati, Yeganeh (11 June 2013). "Khatami, reformists back Rohani in Iran presidential vote". Reuters. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
55. "Iranian presidential candidate Rouhani might get disqualified prior to elections". Trend. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
56. "Blog: Peace in our Time". American Thinker. 22 November 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
57. "Iran votes Friday on a president, but the ballot is quite limited". The Washington Post. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
58. "Rouhani Wins Iran's Presidential Election". Fars News Agency. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
59. Iran's Qom: Mystery and Surprise At the Hawza - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East
60. "Iranian President Rouhani takes oath of office before parliament". Reuters. 4 August 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
61. "رونمایی از کابینه احتمالی دولت یازدهم". Bolanda News (in Persian).
62. هشت نفر از اعضای کابینه روحانی نهایی شدند +اسامی Iran Elections
63. "Improvement of people's livelihood". Rouhani. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
64. "The main topics of Rouhani economic programs". Raja News. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
65. "inflation". Official website. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
66. "Hassan Rouhani's election as Iranian president to soften dialogue between Iran and West". Penza News. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
67. http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13920528000324
68. http://www.awid.org/News-Analysis/Friday-Files/Breaking-Through-the-Iron-Ceiling-Iran-s-New-Government-and-the-Hopes-of-the-Iranian-Women-s-Movements
70. http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21582567-hassan-rohani-strikes-liberal-tone-he-ascends-presidency-smoother Iran’s new president: Smoother operator
71. http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/19/20573897-exclusive-iran-president-blames-israel-for-instability-calls-for-peace?lite
72. Obama speaks with Iranian President Rouhani NBC News 27 September 2013
73. Obama talks to Rouhani: First direct conversation between American and Iranian presidents in 30 years National Post 27 September 2013
74. Marcus George (28 September 2013). "Iranians cheer, protest over Rouhani's historic phone call with Obama". Reuters. Dubai. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
75. Iran’s new president: Will he make a difference?
76. "Iran's Rohani hopes all will seize chance of friendly ties".
77. "Former Iran Nuclear Negotiator: Bush Negotiation Bid Was Rebuffed". PBS. 12 May 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
78. http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/19/20573897-exclusive-iran-president-blames-israel-for-instability-calls-for-peace?lite EXCLUSIVE: Iran president blames Israel for 'instability,' calls for peace]By F. Brinley Bruton, Staff Writer, NBC News
79. Iran news agency slams CNN for ‘fabricating’ Rouhani’s Holocaust remarksRussia Today, September 26, 2013
80. Holocaust Denial in TranslationWall Street Journal, September 26, 2013
81. Buchta, Wilfried (2000). Who rules Iran?: The structure of power in the Islamic Republic (PDF). Washington, DC: The Washington Inst. for Near East Policy ISBN 0-944029-39-6.
82. Torbati, Yeganeh. "Iran's Rouhai hints will balance hardliner, reformist demands". Reuters.
83. http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1921654/U.S.+says+Obama+open+to+meeting+with+Iranrsquo%3Bs+Rouhani.html; http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/347259/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE-%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7; http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/347106/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE-%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF
84. ^ "همسران روسای جمهور ایران چه کسانی هستند؟". Khabar Online. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
85. "پاسخ سياستمداران ايراني به يك سوال خصوصي؛ همسر خود را چگونه انتخاب كرديد؟" (in Persian). Young Journalists Club. 28 September 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
86. "کاندیداها و فرزندانشان +تصاویر". MashreghNews (in Persian). 24 May 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
87. "Hassan Rouhani, 'ultimate insider' who holds key to a more moderate Iran". The Guardian. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
88. "Hassan Rohani: Iran's president-elect". Financial Times. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
89. "کارنامه نامزدهای ریاست جمهوری، حسن فریدون روحانی" (in Persian). Enghelabe-Eslami.com. May 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
90. "در خانه هاشمي رفسنجاني چه مي گذرد؟ داستان تكان دهنده دكتر هوشنگ بوذري در گفت وگو با شهروند" (in Persian). 11 June 2005.
91. "زمان مناظره‌های اقتصادی" (in Persian). 30 May 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
92. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (15 May 1982). "شنبه ۲۵ اردیبهشت ۱۳۶۱". پس از بحران (in Persian).
93. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (31 March 1984). "تاکید هاشمی برای عدالت و قانون در انتخابات/ گلایه همسر شهید مطهری از صداوسیما". به‌سوی سرنوشت (in Persian).

External links

Official

• Official presidential website
• Official personal website
• Official election campaign website

Other

• Hassan Rouhani collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English
• Hassan Rouhani collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Hassan Rouhani at IMDb
• Template:Worldcat id, in Englsh
• Twitter account (English)
• Profile at BBC
• Goodbye, Ahmadinejad; hello, Rouhani, Ben Brumfield, CNN, 17 June 2013

Template:Persondata

• Use dmy dates from June 2013
• 1948 births
• Alumni of Glasgow Caledonian University
• Candidates for President of Iran
• Combatant Clergy Association politicians
• Hassan Rouhani
• Iranian academics
• Iranian scholars
• Iranian clerics
• Iranian diplomats
• Iranian lawyers
• Iranian Majlis Deputy Speakers
• Iranian Majlis Representatives
• Iranian memoirists
• Iranian writers
• Islamic Republican Party politicians
• Living people
• Members of the Assembly of Experts
• Members of the Expediency Discernment Council
• Muslim theologians
• Nuclear program of Iran
• People from Semnan Province
• People of the Iranian Revolution
• Presidents of Iran
• Shia clerics
• University of Tehran alumni