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Kolhapur
Metropolitan
The New Palace, Kolhapur
Country	India
State	Maharashtra
District	Kolhapur
Government
• Type	Municipal Corporation
• Mayor	Pratibha Naiknavare
Area
• Total	66.82 km (25.80 sq mi)
Elevation	545.6 m (1,790.0 ft)
Population
• Total	561,841
• Density	8,400/km (22,000/sq mi)
Demonym	Kolhapurkar
Languages
• Official	Marathi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	4160XX
Telephone code	0231
Vehicle registration	MH-09
Website	Official Site

Kolhapur (Kolhapur.ogg) is a city situated in the southwest part of the state of Maharashtra, India. Kolhapur serves as the headquarters of the Kolhapur district situated on the banks of the river Panchganga.

Before Independence, it was a 19 gun salute princely state ruled by the royal Bhosale Chhatrapatis of the Maratha Empire.

Kolhapur has one of the highest per capita income in the country and is one of the fastest growing cities in Maharashtra.

History

Ancient history

According to Hindu mythology, Kolhapura was settled by Kolhasura, a demon who was later killed by Mahalakshmi to relieve the local populace. However, honouring the demon's dying wish, the city was named after him. Kolhapur finds mentions in Devi Gita, the final and most important chapter of the Srimad Devi Bhagawatam, as one the important places of Shakti "Kollamma" worship, "Devi spoke:..."O King of Mountains! Still I am now telling something out of My affection to My Bhaktas. Hear. There is a great place of pilgrimage named Kollapura in the southern country. Here the Devi Laksmi always dwells...."

During 940–1212 CE, it was the capital of the Shilahara dynasty of Kolhapur. An inscription at Teradal mentions that king Gonka was healed from snakebite by a Jain monk and Gonka built a temple of Lord Neminath. Many Jain temples in this region build in the next few centuries are called Gonka-Jinalya after him. During the reign of Bhoja I, a dynamic Acharya Maghanandi helped establish an institute at Rupanarayana-Basadi. Several kings and nobles of the dynasty were disciples of Maghanandi. Maghanandi is often called Siddhanta-chakravarti i.e. the great master of the scriptures, Gandaraditya I was his disciple. He is sometimes called "Kolapuriya" or walyaa to distinguish him from many other Acharyas with the name Maghanandi.

Kolhapur was the site of intense confrontation between the Western Chalukyas and the Chola kings Rajadhiraja Chola and his younger brother Rajendra Chola II. Following the Battle of Koppam in 1052, Rajendra Chola II marched on to Kolhapur and erected a jayastambha or victory pillar in the city.

The Kopeshwar (Shiva) Temple, located in Kolhapur district, was built by Shilahara King Gandaraditya, Vijayaditya and Bhoj-II between 1109 and 1178 AD. Kolhapur, historically had a major influence and connections with the prevalent kingdoms of Greece/Rome.

Kolhapur as a princely state

Geography and climate

Kolhapur city is located in south-west Maharashtra. It has an elevation of 569 metres (1867 ft) which is higher than that of Pune. By road, Kolhapur is 228 km south of Pune, 615 km north-west of Bangalore and 530 km west of Hyderabad. The nearest cities and towns within Maharashtra are Ichalkaranji (20 km), Kagal (17 km), Sangli (45 km), Satara (115 km), and Miraj (50 km).

Kolhapur's climate is a blend of coastal and inland climate of Maharashtra. The temperature has a relatively narrow range between 10 °C to 35 °C. Summer in Kolhapur is comparatively cooler, but much more humid, compared to neighbouring inland cities. Maximum temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C and typically range between 33 to 35 °C. Lows during this season are around 24 °C to 26 °C. The city receives abundant rainfall from June to September due to its proximity to the Western Ghats. The heavy rains often lead to severe flooding in these months. Temperatures are low in the rainy season and range between 19 °C to 30 °C. Kolhapur experiences winter from November to February. The winter temperatures are a bit higher compared to other cities in Maharashtra such as Pune and Nasik. Lows range from 9 °C to 16 °C while highs are in the range of 26 °C to 32 °C due to its high elevation and being adjacent to the Western Ghats. Humidity is low in this season making weather much more pleasant. In 2005 & 2006 there was excessive rainfall in Kolhapur resulting in floods.

Economy

Major industries

Kolhapur has around 300 foundry units which are responsible for around Rs. 15 billion exports per year. The "foundry cluster" project is further aiming to extend the exports up to Rs. 55 billion. The textile SEZ is in Kagal.'

The city attracts approximately three million tourists every year.

Maharashtra Film Company was established in Kolhapur on 1929 by Baburao Painter and the city has become the primary center for Marathi Film Industry. Kolhapur plays host to many film festivals, including the Kolhapur International Film Festival, and provides locations for shooting. In 2012, the chief minister of Maharashtra announced a new film city at Kolhapur.

Civic administration

Kolhapur is governed by Kolhapur Municipal Corporation

Demographics

• As of 2011 India census Kolhapur City had a population of 549,293. In this population males constitute 287,376 and females constitute 274,465 resulting into sex ratio of 955. Kolhapur has average literacy rate of 92.17% which is higher than national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 96.35% and female literacy is 87.84%.
• It has a population density of 8400 per km which is higher than state as well as district density.

Culture

A majority of residents in Kolhapur follow Hinduism. Hence, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Vijaya Dashami, Navaratri are main festivals celebrated along with Holi known as festival of colours.

This article is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this article, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (January 2013)

Kolhapur hosts the worlds tallest Lord Ganesh idol(85 feet) at Chinmaya Mission near top-Sambhapur.

Children from kolhapur set a new world record by wearing a dress of Mahatma Gandhi on his 143rd birth anniversary in year 2012 at Tapovan, a city suburb.Altogether 575 children dressed as Mahatma Gandhi gathered at Tapovan Vidaylay situated in kolhapur district and with this act they broke the earlier Guniess Book of World Record made by students of Kolkata.

Ramdas Namdeo Aswale a barber from Prayag Chikali in kolhapur district has entered the Limca Book of Records for a remarkable 460 haircuts in 27 hours with just two breaks of 10 minutes each.

Kolhapur Municipal Corporation is the first & only municipal corporation in India which does not charge for any of the cremation procedures to be done after the demise of its citizens.

The statue of "Queen Tararani" riding a horse which is located in Kolhapur, is the only statue in the world because of its unique architectural design. The statue rests on only 2 legs of the horse.The equestrian statue of Tara Rani is very famous and one of a kind. Supposedly, only one leg of the horse supports the entire statue.The Bronze statue of Hon.Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar which is built at Bindu chowk in kolhapur is his oldest statue in the world.This statue was inaugurated on 7 December 1950.

Today, the only Maybach car which is still in princely possession is the Kolhapur Maybach of the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur, which is taken out every year for Dusshera procession.This model of the maybach is the only model of its type in whole India today.

Kolhapuri Chappal

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Kolhapuri chappals are hand-crafted buffalo leather slippers that are locally tanned using vegetable dyes. The foot-wear is made out of special chrome tanned leather, its straps made with minutely woven leather threads, decorated with tassels made out of leather.

They are mainly made in kolhapur district.

Media and communication

The local newspaper is Pudhari with other Marathi language newspapers such as Sakaal, Maharashtra Times (Kolhapur edition)Loksatta, Lokmat, Kesari, Saamna , Tarun Bharat, and Punyanagari. Major English dailies in the city are The Times of India (Kolhapur edition), The Indian Express, Business Standard and The Economic Times. The Hindi daily in the city is Lokmat Times.

Kolhapur's FM radio services include Tomato FM 94.3 MHz, Radio Mirchi (98.3 MHz) and All India Radio FM (102.7 MHz).

Education

Kolhapur has a number of engineering, medical colleges, international schools as well as a Pre-IAS training centre.

Kolhapur hosts an agriculture college affiliated to Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth (Rahuri).

Engineering colleges

• D. Y. Patil college of Engineering and Technology, Kolhapur
• KIT College of Engineering
• Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering
• Sanjay Ghodawat group of engineering and technology
• Genesis Institute of engineering and technology
• Sanjeevan Institute of engineering and technology
• D.K.T.E.Society's textile and engineering institute
• Ashokrao Mane Engineering institute
• T.K.I.E.T.Warana college of engineering and technology
• Bhima Institute of Engineering and Technology (Dhananjay Mahadik group of institutes)
• Dr.J.J.Magdum college of engineering
• Sharad Institute of Technology-College of engineering
• Dr.Bapuji Salunkhe college of engineering & technology, etc.

Medical colleges and alternative medicine

• Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College
• D. Y. Patil Medical College
• Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre
• Mary Wanless Hospital & Homeopathy Medical College
• Venutai Yashwantrao Chavan Homoeopathic Medical College

Pharmacy colleges

• Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati Institute Of Pharmacy College
• Bharati Vidyapeeth's College Of Pharmacy
• Dr. J.J. Magdum Pharmacy College
• Tatyasaheb Kore College Of Pharmacy

Law colleges

• Shivaji Law College
• Bharati Vidyapeeth's New Law College

Sports

Kolhapur is famous for Wrestling. Khasbaug wrestling stadium is one of the largest stadiums in India for wrestling with seating capacity of about 20,000 people.

Cuisine

The city also lends its name to many common products such as Kolhapuri Lavangi Mirchi, Kolhapuri Gul and Kolhapuri Masala(spices). Most preparations in Kolhapuri cuisine include usage of "Kolhapuri Masala (spices)". The most famous part of the Kolhapuri cuisine are red meat preparations called Tambada Rassa (Red Curry), Pandhara Rassa (White Curry), and Sukaa Mutton (Dry Meat)and Kolhapuri Misal(a type of snacks item). Jaggery is produced here in large scale due to large production of Sugarcane.

Kolhapuri Misal is one of the famous dishes of Kolhapur. Hot and Spicy are the words which describe the dish to certain extent. This is a delicious dish. It is not a snack but a medium diet. Anybody who wish to have a variety of food, will definitely like this dish. For preparation of the dish confectionery items are preferentially used. Chivada, Shev, Papadi are the indigents of dish. A thin curry covers for all confectionary items. For making it tasty ginger, garlic, mint is also used. The dish is accompanied by a slice of bread. Some chopped onion along with lime makes it even more mouth-watering. Tasting it with the bread and enjoying the "Kat" (curry) is a craze in Kolhapur. In every hotel this dish is available but a few places in the city are renowned like the Khasbag hotel, Phadtare and Chorage Misal.

Kolhapur has a some good traditional dishes prepared from "Mutton" (goat meat) which are very tasty and delightful. "Pandhra Rassa" is a type of curry which is an identity of Kolhapuri cuisine. Pandhara Rassa is prepared from coconut milk and mutton stock, A Soup like dish of water used to boil the "Mutton" along with spices such as cinnamon, coriander, ginger & garlic etc. which looks white in color so called as "Pandhara Rassa". It is liked as a Starter. This is a very tasty pre-food item. Apart from taste it has certain medicinal use as well. This "Rassa" is recommended for cough and throat related ailments. This is a part of a well-know duo curries, the other one is termed as "Tambra Rassa"

"Tambra Rassa" the second starter of the duo. This is a curry prepared using red chilly powder to make it appear "Tambda" or reddish. After these starters comes the special roasted mutton.

"Roasted Mutton" is a special variety of non-veg dish prepared extensively at Kolhapur. The special recipe of this mutton makes it a unique disk attributed to Kolhapur. Different varieties of this dishes are prepared with different spices. Mutton Pickle known as 'Lonche' is another such delicacy unique to Kolhapur. Another such famous type is "Ghaati" Mutton. These various dishes along with "Bhakari" or "Chapaati" constitute the Kolhapuri Taat(thali).

"Mutton Rakti" is also a speciality dish of Kolhapuri non-veg culture which is made up of blood of goat. The dish is famous in the villages around kolhapur city. It can be served along with Bhakri and Chapati.

Developments

Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC) has undertaken many improvement projects including Kolhapur Road Project, Encroachment drive etc. City Development Plan 2031 is also redesigned to make Kolhapur better place. Salient features of this plan includes Urban Poor And Social Assessment, City Governance Framework And Reforms, Capital Investment Plan etc. Recently KMC has launched 1081.1 million 'Suvarna Jayanti Nagarotthan Project

Transportation

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Railway

• Kolhapur railway station known as Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj Terminus is connected to major Indian cities like Mumbai, Pune, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Solapur, Nagpur, Tirupati, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Dhanbad through express trains. There are daily passenger shuttle services between Kolhapur and Miraj.
• The survey of Karad-Kolhapur-Dharwad line and also of Kolhapur-Rajapur (konkan rail) line is going on.

Road

• Kolhapur is connected to Pune, Mumbai to the north and Bengaluru to the south by National Highway 4 which is further extended to Chennai.The city is one of the primary destinations on this highway and a major link city from NH-4 to Konkan and Goa.
• Kolhapur is also connnected to Ratnagiri & sea coast to the west and to the cities like Sangli & Solapur to the east by National Highway 204 which is further connected to Nagpur . Four-Laning of Kolhapur-Sangli Highway is going on.
• Kolhapur is also connected to Goa.
• Kolhapur has three state transport bus stands namely Central Bus Stand (CBS), Rankala Bus Stand & Sambhajinagar Bus Stand.

Local mode of transport includes bus service by Kolhapur Municipal Transport (KMT) which covers all routes inside the city. For quick transport Auto Rikshaw is popular mode of transport.

Air

• Kolhapur has a domestic airport at Ujalaiwadi, 9 km South-east from the city. Its sole regular service to Mumbai by Kingfisher Airlines ceased in November 2011 when the airline pulled out of several towns like Kolhapur due to its financial crisis.
• Now Kolhapur airport is taken under 'Airport Authority of India' in August 2013 for its developement.The development includes extension of runway,night landing facility,boeing planes landing facility and new modern airport building.

Gallery

• Mahalakshmi Temple
• Town Hall Museum
• Bull statue at Kaneri Math Bull statue at Kaneri Math

See also

• Bhonsle
• Maratha
• Maratha Empire
• List of Maratha dynasties and states
• Kolhapur Municipal Corporation

References

1. Devi Gita; Chapter XXXVIII: The Vow and the Sacred Places of the Devi The Devi Gita (Song of the Goddess), Excerpt from the Srimad Devi Bhagawatam, translated by Swami Vijnanananda (Hari Prasanna Chatterji), 1921."O King of Mountains! Still I am now telling something out of My affection to My Bhaktas. Hear. There is a great place of pilgrimage named Kolhapura in the southern country. Here the Devi Laksmi always dwells. The second place is Matripura in the Sahyadri mountain; here the Devi Renuka dwells." Verses: 3–10.
2. Temples and legends of Maharashtra, Volume 97 of Bhavan's book university, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1962
3. ^ K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (2000) . The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras. pp. 256–257. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
4. Google Maps
5. 'MIDC to acquire 1,000 acres for Kagal park', Business Standard, December 20, 2006
6. Government unveils new trade policy, Indian express, June 05, 2012
7. See page no. 10, Zero draft of Kolhapur Municipal corporation
8. New film city coming up in Kolhapur, says Chief Minister of Maharshtra, INDO ASIAN NEWS SERVICE (IANS), March 14, 2012
9. "Kolhapuri chappal to set foot in new markets". Indianexpress.com. 13 June 2000. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
10. "Kolhapuri chappals come easy on the pocket now". Ibnlive.in.com. 17 July 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
11. "agricollege kolhapur". Mpkv.mah.nic.in. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
12. "Kolhapur Road Project". Retrieved 9 June 2012.
13. Kolhapur Nagarothan Abhiya. "Kolhapur Nagarothan Abhiya" (PDF). Kolhapur Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 9 June 2012.

General sources

This section includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this section by introducing more precise citations. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

• "Kolhapur State". [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], Vol. 15. Oxford at Clarendon Press. 1909. pp. 380–87. {{cite book}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)

External links

• Kolhapur Municipal Corporation

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