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| {{Infobox scientist | |||
| |name = Marian Ellina Dawkins | |||
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| |birth_date = {{birth date|1945|02|13|df=y}} | |||
| |birth_place = ], UK | |||
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| |nationality = British | |||
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| |field = ]; ] | |||
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| |prizes = ] 2014 | |||
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| ⚫ | '''Marian Ellina Dawkins''' (née '''Stamp''') ] is professor of ] at the ] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/staff/academics/dawkins_m.htm | publisher= University of Oxford, Department of Zoology | title= Staff:Academic Marian Dawkins |accessdate= 1 July 2011 }}</ref> She has published several books, one of which has been translated into ], and many peer-reviewed papers. Her research interests include ], ], ], ] and ]. Dawkins was appointed ] (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to animal welfare.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=60728|supp=yes|startpage=8|endpage=|date=31 December 2013}}</ref> | ||
| ==Selected publications== | |||
| ⚫ | '''Marian Ellina Dawkins''' ] is professor of ] at the ] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/staff/academics/dawkins_m.htm | publisher= University of Oxford, Department of Zoology | title= Staff:Academic Marian Dawkins |accessdate= 1 July 2011 }}</ref> She has published several books, one of which has been translated into ], and many peer-reviewed papers. Her research interests include ], ], ], ] and ]. Dawkins was appointed ] (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to animal welfare.<ref>{{LondonGazette|issue=60728|supp=yes|startpage=8|endpage=|date=31 December 2013}}</ref> | ||
| She has written extensively on animal behaviour and issues of ]. | |||
| Along with other academics in the field, such as Professor Ian Duncan,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Duncan|first=I.J.H.|year=1996|title=Animal welfare defined in terms of feelings|journal=Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science|volume=27|pages=29–35}}</ref> Dawkins promoted the arguement that animal welfare is about the feelings of animals.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dawkins|first=M.S.|year=1980|title=Animal Suffering: The Science Of Animal Welfare|publisher=Chapman & Hall, London.}}</ref> This approach indicates the belief that animals should be considered as sentient beings. Dawkins wrote, "Let us not mince words: Animal welfare involves the subjective feelings of animals.<ref name="Dawkins, 1990" /> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| In 1989, Dawkins published a study in which she filmed hens from above while they performed common behaviours (e.g. turning, standing, wing-stretching). From these films, she calculated the amount of floor-space required by the hens during these behaviours and compared this to the amount of floor-space available in ]s. She was able to show that many of these common behaviours were highly restricted, or prevented, in battery cages.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Dawkins, M.S. and Hardie, S.|year=1989|title=Space needs of laying hens.|journal=British Poultry Science|volume=30|pages=413-416}}</ref> | |||
| In 1990, she contributed to a paper in which she developed her ideas regarding how to assess animal welfare by asking questions of animals. She proposed using ]s and ] to ask what animals prefer (e.g. space, social contact) and how highly motivated they are for these. She argued that animals were more likely to suffer if they were not provided with resources for which they are highly motivated.<ref name="Dawkins, 1990">{{cite journal|title=From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness, and animal welfare.|journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences|year=1990|author=Dawkins, M.|pages=1-61}}</ref> These techniques are now used widely in animal welfare science.(e.g.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Dawkins, M.S.|year=1985|title=Cage height preference and use in battery-kept hens.|journal=Veterinary Record|volume=116|pages=345-347}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Central to her most recent (2012) view on animal welfare is skepticism about whether science can establish that animals have ] and therefore its role in definition and measurement of animal welfare and suffering. Instead, her view is that good animal welfare rests on determining the needs and wants of animals, which do not require that they are conscious.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clark|first=Judy MacArthur|title=Book review: Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-Being|journal=BioScience|date=2013|year=2013|month=January|volume=63|issue=1|pages=57-59|doi=10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.13|accessdate=31 December 2013}}</ref> These theses are presented in her book, ''Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being'' (2012)<ref>{{cite book|title=Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being|author=Dawkins, M. S.|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=978-0-19-958782-7}}</ref>. Her views on animal consciousness have been criticized by evolutionary biologist, ], who argues that she too readily rejects ] research on animals.<ref name=MB>{{cite web|last=Marc|first=Bekoff|title=Do animals think and feel?|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/201205/animal-consciousness-and-science-matter|publisher=Psychology Today|accessdate=2 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Marc|first=Bekoff|title=Animals are conscious and should be treated as such|journal=New Scientist|date=2012|year=2012|month=September|volume=215|issue=2883|page=24–25|doi=10.1016/S0262-4079(12)62435-X|accessdate=2 January 2014}}</ref> She responded to the criticism by stating her position as "wrongly interpreted", and says that "my concern is to make the case for animal emotions as watertight as possible and thereby to strengthen it. That is the way science progresses and always has."<ref>Dawkins, Marian Stamp (2012) ''Huffington Post'', 8 June 2012.</ref><ref>Dawkins, Marian Stamp (2013) ''Edge'', 31 October 2013.</ref> | ||
| ==See also== | |||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
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| * ''Unravelling Animal Behaviour.'' ]. 1986. | * ''Unravelling Animal Behaviour.'' ]. 1986. | ||
| * ''Through Our Eyes Only?: The Search for Animal Consciousness''. Oxford: ]. 1993. | * ''Through Our Eyes Only?: The Search for Animal Consciousness''. Oxford: ]. 1993. | ||
| * |
* Coauthor with ] of the fourth and fifth editions of ''An Introduction to Animal Behaviour''. Cambridge: ]. 1993 and 1998. | ||
| *''Living with The Selfish Gene.'' One of the collected essays in '']''. Editors: ], ]. Oxford University Press. 2006 | *''Living with The Selfish Gene.'' One of the collected essays in '']''. Editors: ], ]. Oxford University Press. 2006. | ||
| *''Observing Animal Behaviour: Design and Analysis of Quantitative Data''. Oxford: ]. 2007. | |||
| *''Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being.'' Oxford: ]. 2012. | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
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| | PLACE OF DEATH = | | PLACE OF DEATH = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==External links== | |||
| Biography of Marian Dawkins | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Stamp Dawkins, Marian}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Stamp Dawkins, Marian}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 20:37, 2 January 2014
| Marian Ellina Dawkins | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1945-02-13)13 February 1945 Hereford, UK |
| Nationality | British |
| Known for | Animal welfare science |
| Awards | CBE 2014 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Animal behaviour; Animal welfare |
Marian Ellina Dawkins (née Stamp) CBE is professor of animal behaviour at the University of Oxford She has published several books, one of which has been translated into German, and many peer-reviewed papers. Her research interests include vision in birds, animal signalling, behavioural synchrony, animal consciousness and animal welfare. Dawkins was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to animal welfare.
Selected publications
She has written extensively on animal behaviour and issues of animal welfare.
Along with other academics in the field, such as Professor Ian Duncan, Dawkins promoted the arguement that animal welfare is about the feelings of animals. This approach indicates the belief that animals should be considered as sentient beings. Dawkins wrote, "Let us not mince words: Animal welfare involves the subjective feelings of animals.
In 1989, Dawkins published a study in which she filmed hens from above while they performed common behaviours (e.g. turning, standing, wing-stretching). From these films, she calculated the amount of floor-space required by the hens during these behaviours and compared this to the amount of floor-space available in battery cages. She was able to show that many of these common behaviours were highly restricted, or prevented, in battery cages.
In 1990, she contributed to a paper in which she developed her ideas regarding how to assess animal welfare by asking questions of animals. She proposed using preference tests and consumer demand studies to ask what animals prefer (e.g. space, social contact) and how highly motivated they are for these. She argued that animals were more likely to suffer if they were not provided with resources for which they are highly motivated. These techniques are now used widely in animal welfare science.(e.g.
Central to her most recent (2012) view on animal welfare is skepticism about whether science can establish that animals have consciousness and therefore its role in definition and measurement of animal welfare and suffering. Instead, her view is that good animal welfare rests on determining the needs and wants of animals, which do not require that they are conscious. These theses are presented in her book, Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being (2012). Her views on animal consciousness have been criticized by evolutionary biologist, Marc Bekoff, who argues that she too readily rejects anthropomorphic research on animals. She responded to the criticism by stating her position as "wrongly interpreted", and says that "my concern is to make the case for animal emotions as watertight as possible and thereby to strengthen it. That is the way science progresses and always has."
See also
Bibliography
- Animal Suffering: The Science of Animal Welfare. Chapman and Hall. 1980.
- Unravelling Animal Behaviour. Longman. 1986.
- Through Our Eyes Only?: The Search for Animal Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993.
- Coauthor with Aubrey Manning of the fourth and fifth editions of An Introduction to Animal Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1993 and 1998.
- Living with The Selfish Gene. One of the collected essays in Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think. Editors: Alan Grafen, Mark Ridley. Oxford University Press. 2006.
- Observing Animal Behaviour: Design and Analysis of Quantitative Data. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2007.
- Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2012.
References
- "Staff:Academic Marian Dawkins". University of Oxford, Department of Zoology. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- "No. 60728". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=(help)). 31 December 2013. - Duncan, I.J.H. (1996). "Animal welfare defined in terms of feelings". Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal Science. 27: 29–35.
- Dawkins, M.S. (1980). Animal Suffering: The Science Of Animal Welfare. Chapman & Hall, London.
- ^ Dawkins, M. (1990). "From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness, and animal welfare". Behavioral and Brain Sciences: 1–61.
- Dawkins, M.S. and Hardie, S. (1989). "Space needs of laying hens". British Poultry Science. 30: 413–416.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Dawkins, M.S. (1985). "Cage height preference and use in battery-kept hens". Veterinary Record. 116: 345–347.
- Clark, Judy MacArthur (2013). "Book review: Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-Being". BioScience. 63 (1): 57–59. doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.13.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Dawkins, M. S. (2012). Why Animals Matter: Animal Consciousness, Animal Welfare, and Human Well-being. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-958782-7.
- Marc, Bekoff. "Do animals think and feel?". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- Marc, Bekoff (2012). "Animals are conscious and should be treated as such". New Scientist. 215 (2883): 24–25. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(12)62435-X.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Dawkins, Marian Stamp (2012) Convincing the Unconvinced That Animal Welfare Matters Huffington Post, 8 June 2012.
- Dawkins, Marian Stamp (2013) What do animals want? Edge, 31 October 2013.
External links
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