Principality of Moldavia: Difference between revisions

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	'''Moldavia''' (]: ''Moldova'', ]: ''Bogdan Iflak'' or simply ''Bogdan'') was a medieval principality on the lower ] which, along with ], formed the basis for the modern ]n ]. Its name originates from the ].

	The principality in its greatest extent stretched from ] in the west to the ] River in the east, but had its nucleus in the northwestern part, the ''Ţara de Sus'' ("Upper Land"), which later became known as ]. This area contained ], the capital of the principality from ]-]. ] was the capital from ]-].

	The political entity known as Moldavia was founded in the mid-] by the Romanian leader ] of ], who had been ordered by the ] king to establish a defense line for the ] against the ]. ] became the first independent prince of Moldavia when he rejected Hungarian authority in ]. In ] it became a vassal of ].

	The greatest Moldavian prince was ], (Stephen the Great), who ruled from ]-]. With his army of ]s and retainers, Stefan fought off invasions from the ], the ], and the ]. Ştefan fought 36 major battles, but suffered only two defeats. By the end of his reign, Moldavia had kept its independence, although an annual ] was made to the Ottomans.

	Ştefan was succeeded by weak princes who let incompetent boyars rule the state; because the boyars did not pay taxes, the state became bankrupt. Moldavia succumbed to Ottoman power in ], becoming a ] of the empire for the most of the next 300 years. In addition to paying ] to the Ottoman Empire, Moldavia later acceded to the selection of local rulers by Ottoman authorities. Moldavia suffered repeated invasions by the Ottomans, Crimean Tatars, and ].

	In the beginning of the ], ]s of the ] clashed with the Ottomans over control of Moldavia in the ].

	Starting from the early-] the princes were selected by the Ottomans from ], influential ] families from ] (]), rather than the local nobility.

	In ] the territory became a ] protectorship while remaining formally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. By the ] following the ] (]-]), Moldavia lost ] to Russia and ] to ]. In ] a revolt overthrew the unpopular Phanariote regime and, after political and economic reforms were implemented with Russian support, a constitution, the Règlement Organique, was adopted in ].

	After Russia's defeat in the ] (]-]), the ] stipulated that Moldavia and Wallachia were to be placed under the collective guarantee of the seven powers that signed the treaty, as well as the retrocession to Moldavia of Southern Bessarabia (], ], ] counties).

	In ] (formally in ]) the Principality of Moldavia united with the Principality of Wallachia by the election of ] as prince of both Wallachia and Moldavia, laying the foundations for modern Romania.

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Revision as of 14:14, 16 June 2006

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Moldavia (historical region)