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#REDIRECT ]
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{{R from merge}}
{{Merge from|List of space exploration milestones, 1957–1969|date=April 2013}}
{{Merge to|Timeline of the Space Race|date=April 2013}}
{{For|an all-time list of major space exploration firsts|Timeline of space exploration}}
This is a list of first achievements in ] from the first intercontinental ballistic missile through the first multinational human-crewed mission—the era of the ] competition between the ] (USSR) and the ] (USA) for supremacy in ]. Missions are given in order of launch date.

== 1957–1960 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="140px"|Date
! width="475px"|Significance
! width="165px"|{{flag|USSR}} Mission
! width="165px"|{{flag|US}} Mission
|-
||August 21, 1957
||First ] (ICBM)
||]
||
|-
|valign=top|October 4, 1957
||First artificial ] <br>First signals from space
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||November 3, 1957
||First animal in ] (dog ])
||]
||
|-
||January 31, 1958
||First US satellite, detection of ]s
||
||]-]
|-
||March 17, 1958
||First solar powered satellite
||
||]-]
|-
||December 18, 1958
||First ]
||
||]-]
|-
|valign=top|January 2, 1959
||First rocket engine restart in Earth orbit <br>First lunar spacecraft <br>First detection of ]
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||January 4, 1959
||First human-made object in ]
||]
||
|-
||February 17, 1959
||First ]
||
||]-]
|-
||February 28, 1959
||First satellite in a ]
||
||]-]/]
|-
||June 25, 1959
||First ] to carry a camera (failed to achieve orbit)
||
||]-]/]
|-
||August 7, 1959
||First photograph of Earth from orbit
||
||]-]
|-
||September 14, 1959
||First impact into another celestial body (])
||]
||
|-
||October 7, 1959
||First photos of ]
||]
||
|-
||April 1, 1960
||First Imaging ]
||
||]-]
|-
||July 5, 1960
||First successful US ] (returned intelligence data)
||
||]-]
|-
||August 11, 1960
||First satellite recovered intact from orbit
||
||]-]/]
|-
||August 12, 1960
||First passive communications satellite
||
||]-]
|-
||August 18, 1960
||First successful recovery of film from an orbiting satellite<br>First aerial recovery of an object returning from Earth orbit
||
||]-]/]
|-
|valign=top|August 19, 1960
||First animals and plants returned alive from space
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|}

== 1961–1969 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="140px"|Date
! width="475px"|Significance
! width="165px"|{{flag|USSR}} Mission
! width="165px"|{{flag|US}} Mission
|-
|valign=top|February 12, 1961 <!-- different firsts on different dates-->
||First launch from Earth orbit of ] into a ]<br>First mid-course corrections <br>First ]
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
|valign=top|April 12, 1961
||First ] (])<br>First orbital flight of a manned vehicle
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
|valign=top|May 5, 1961
||First pilot-controlled space flight (])
|valign=top|
|valign=top|]
|-
||May 19, 1961
||First planetary flyby (])
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||March 7, 1962
||First orbital solar observatory
||
||]-]
|-
||July 10, 1962
||First active ]
||
||]-]
|-
||August 12, 1962
||First simultaneous launch of two human-piloted spacecraft <br>First ship-to-ship radio contact
||] / ]
||
|-
||September 29, 1962
||First artificial satellite constructed by a non-superpower
|colspan=2 align="center"|{{flag|Canada|1957}} — ]
|-
||December 14, 1962
||First planetary flyby by a US mission (])
||
||]-]
|-
||June 16, 1963
||First woman in space (]) <br>First civilian in space
||]
||
|-
||June 19, 1963
||Five-day human spaceflight record
||]
||
|-
||July 19, 1963
||First reusable piloted spacecraft (], ''suborbital'')
||
||]-]
|-
||July 26, 1963
||First ]
||
||]-]
|-
||December 5, 1963
||First ]
||
||]-]
|-
||August 19, 1964
||First ]
||
||]-]
|-
||October 12, 1964
||First multi-person crew (3)
||]
||
|-
||March 18, 1965
||First ] ("space walk")
||]
||
|-
||March 23, 1965
||First piloted spacecraft orbit change
||
||]-]
|-
||July 14, 1965
||First ] flyby
||
||]-]
|-
||August 29, 1965
||Eight-day human spaceflight record
||
||]-]
|-
||December 15, 1965
||First orbital ] (station-keeping, no docking)
||
||] / ]-]
|-
||December 18, 1965
||14-day human spaceflight record
||
||]-]
|-
|valign=top|February 3, 1966
||First ] on another celestial body (Moon) <br>First photos from another celestial body
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||March 1, 1966
||First impact into another planet (Venus)
||]
||
|-
||March 16, 1966
||First spacecraft ]
||
||] / ]-]
|-
||April 3, 1966
||First artificial satellite to orbit another celestial body: the Moon
||]
||
|-
||September 12, 1966
||First direct-ascent rendezvous on first orbit <br>Record highest apogee, 1,374 kilometers (854&nbsp;mi), for piloted Earth orbit
||
||]/]-]
|-
||November 12–14, 1966
||First 5.5 hr ] <br>First demonstration of practical work capability
||
||]-]
|-
||October 30, 1967
||First ] of two remote-controlled spacecraft
||]/ ]
||
|-
||December 7, 1968
||First orbital ] observatory
||
||]-]
|-
||December 21, 1968
||First human-crewed spaceflight to, and orbit of, another celestial object: the Moon
||
||]-]
|-
||January 16, 1969
||First crew exchange in space
||] / <br>]
||
|-
||July 21, 1969
||First humans on the Moon <br>First space launch from another celestial body
||
||]-]
|-
||November 19, 1969
||First precisely targeted piloted landing on the Moon (] site)
||
||]-]
|}

== 1970–1975 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="140px"|Date
! width="475px"|Significance
! width="165px"|{{flag|USSR}} Mission
! width="165px"|{{flag|US}} Mission
|-
||September 24, 1970
||First robotic ] from another celestial body: the Moon
||]
||
|-
||November 23, 1970
||First remote-controlled mobile vehicle on another celestial body: the Moon
||]
||
|-
||December 12, 1970
||First X-ray ]
||
||]-]
|-
|valign=top|December 15, 1970
||First soft landing on another planet (Venus) <br>First signals from another planet
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||April 23, 1971
||First human-crewed ] launched
||]
||
|-
||June 29, 1971
||First human-crewed ] (]) <br>23-day manned space record
||] / Salyut 1
||
|-
||July 31, 1971
||First mobile vehicle ] driven by humans on the Moon
||
||]-]
|-
||November 14, 1971
||First spacecraft to orbit another planet: ],
||
||]-]
|-
||November 27, 1971
||First impact into Mars
||]
||
|-
|valign=top|December 2, 1971
||First soft Mars landing <br>First signals from Mars surface
|valign=top|]
|valign=top|
|-
||March 3, 1972
||First human-made object sent on escape trajectory away from the Sun
||
||]-]
|-
||July 15, 1972
||First mission to enter the asteroid belt and leave inner solar system
||
||]-]
|-
||November 15, 1972
||First orbital ] observatory
||
||]-]
|-
||May 25, 1973
||28-day human-crewed space record
||
||]-]
|-
||July 28, 1973
||56-day human-crewed space record
||
||]-]
|-
||November 16, 1973
||84-day human-crewed space record
||
||]-]
|-
||December 3, 1973
||First Jupiter flyby
||
||]-]
|-
||February 5, 1974
||First planetary gravitational assist (] flyby)
||
||]-]
|-
||March 29, 1974
||First ] flyby
||
||]-]
|-
||July 15, 1975
||First multinational human-crewed mission
||]
||]
|}

==See also==
*]
*]
*]

==References==
*{{Cite book
|title=Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles
|last= Bilstein
|first= Roger E.
|authorlink=
|year= 1996
|publisher= Scientific and Technical Information Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
|location= Washington
|isbn= 0-16-048909-1
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=RUIjAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn%3A0813026911&source=gbs_slider_thumb
}}
*{{Cite book
|title= Fallen Astronauts: Heroes Who Died Reaching for the Moon
|last=Brugess
|first= Colin
|authorlink=
|coauthors=Kate Doolan, Bert Vis
|year= 2003
|publisher= University of Nebraska Press
|location= ]
|isbn= 0-8032-6212-4
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iJ8WwRBNgk0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:0803262124&ei=ZWlKTPOuEpmgzASKoaSvCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
}}
* {{Cite book
|title=An Finished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963
|last= Dallek
|first= Robert
|year= 2003
|publisher= ]
|location= Boston
|isbn= 0-316-17238-3
|url= http://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Life-John-Kennedy-1917-1963/dp/0316172383/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279943573&sr=1-1}}
*{{Cite book
|title=Space for Women: A History of Women With the Right Stuff
|last= Freni
|first= Pamela
|authorlink=
|coauthors=
|year= 2002
|publisher= Seven Locks Press
|location= ]
|isbn= 1-931643-12-1
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=uFTbAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:1931643121&ei=f4ZKTLq6NIKEyAT9nNXkCQ&cd=1
|accessdate=}}
*{{Cite book
|title= Arrows to the Moon: Avro's Engineers and the Space Race
|last= Gainor
|first= Chris
|year= 2001
|publisher= Apogee Books
|location= ]
|isbn= 1-896522-83-1
|url=http://www.space.com/spacelibrary/books/library_gainor_020125.html
}}
*{{Cite book
| first = Kenneth
| last = Gatland
| author-link =
| title = Manned Spacecraft, Second Revision
| place = New York, NY, USA
| publisher = MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc
| year = 1976
| pages = 100–101
| isbn = 0-02-542820-9}}
* {{Cite book
|title= Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft
|last= Hall
|first= Rex
|authorlink=
|coauthors= David J. Shayler
|year= 2003
|publisher= ]
|location= New York
|isbn= 1-85233-657-9
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=dbGchpi1HP8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852336579&ei=3IhKTPuvL5qIyATUhaWzCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
}}
*{{Cite book
|title= Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon
|last= Harford
|first= James J.
|authorlink=
|coauthors=
|edition= 1
|year= 1997
|publisher= John Wiley & Sons
|location= New York
|isbn= 0-471-14853-9
|url=
|accessdate=}}
* {{Cite book
|title= Russia in Space: The Failed Frontier?
|last= Harvey
|first= Brian
|year= 2001
|publisher= ]
|location= New York
|isbn= 1-85233-203-4
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=DrgvjPsfwhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:1852332034&ei=hHdKTOG_JpSszgTDobXOCQ&cd=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
}}
*{{Cite book
|first=Robert C., Jr.
|last=Seamans
|publisher=NASA History Office
|title=Report of Apollo 204 Review Board
|chapter=Findings, Determinations And Recommendations
|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/Apollo204/find.html
|date=1967-04-05
|accessdate=2007-10-07}}
*{{Cite book
|title=Sputnik and the Soviet Space Challenge
|last= Siddiqi
|first= Asif A.
|authorlink=
|year= 2003a
|publisher= ]
|location= Gainsville
|isbn= 0-8130-2627-X
}}
*{{Cite book
|title= The Soviet Space Race with Apollo
|last= Siddiqi
|first= Asif A.
|authorlink=
|year= 2003b
|publisher= ]
|location= Gainsville
|isbn= 0-8130-2628-8
|url=
}}
*{{Cite book
|title= Light This Candle : The Life & Times of Alan Shepard—America's First Spaceman
|last= Thompson
|first= Neal
|authorlink=
|coauthors=
|year= 2004
|publisher= ]
|location= New York
|isbn= 0-609-61001-5
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=7JJTAAAAMAAJ&dq=isbn:0609610015&ei=8WtKTPKXNamkygSDvK3CCQ&cd=1
}}
* {{Cite book
|title= The Right Stuff
|last= Wolfe
|first= Tom
|authorlink= Tom Wolfe
|year= 1979/2001
|publisher= ]
|location= New York
|isbn= 0-613-91667-0
|url= http://www.amazon.com/Right-Stuff-Tom-Wolfe/dp/0553381350/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279947960&sr=1-1
}}
*{{Cite book
|title= Yeager: An Autobiography
|last= Yeager
|first= Chuck
|authorlink= Chuck Yeager
|coauthors= Leo Janos
|year= 1985
|publisher= ]
|location= New York
|isbn= 0-553-05093-1
}}

]
]
]

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