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The '''2014 Winter Olympics''', officially the '''XXII Olympic Winter Games''', or the 22nd ], is a major international ] held in ], ]. The '''2014 Winter Olympics''', officially the '''XXII Olympic Winter Games''', or the 22nd ], is a major international ] held in ], ].

Revision as of 01:00, 9 February 2014

"2014 Olympics" redirects here. For the Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China, see 2014 Summer Youth Olympics.

Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2014 Winter Olympics

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Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2014 Winter Olympics
Location of Sochi, RussiaSochiSochiclass=notpageimage| Location of Sochi, Russia

The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially the XXII Olympic Winter Games, or the 22nd Winter Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event held in Sochi, Russia.

Scheduled for 7–23 February 2014, opening rounds in figure skating, skiing, and snowboard competitions were held on the eve of the Opening Ceremony, 6 February 2014. Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics are being organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It is the first Olympics in Russia since the breakup of the USSR in 1991. The USSR was the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

A total of 98 events in 15 winter sport disciplines are being held in the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of 12 accounting for gender—are held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events are held around two clusters of new venues; an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance, and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana.

In preparation, organizers focused on modernizing the telecommunications, electric power, and transportation infrastructures of the region. While originally budgeted at US$12 billion, various factors caused the budget to expand to over US$51 billion, surpassing the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as the most expensive Olympics in history.

The lead-up to these Games were marked by major controversies, including allegations of corruption leading to the aforementioned cost overruns, concerns for the safety and human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) athletes and supporters during the Games due to the country's recent restrictions on the promotion of LGBT sexual relationships (which have led to ongoing protests) and various security concerns over threats by jihadist groups tied to the insurgency in the North Caucasus.

Bidding process

Main article: Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics
Sochi residents celebrate IOC's decision to hold 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, 4 July 2007.

Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria, and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This is the first time that the Russian Federation hosts the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow.

2014 Host City Election – ballot results
City Country (NOC) Round 1 Round 2
Sochi  Russia 34 51
Pyeongchang  South Korea 36 47
Salzburg  Austria 25 —

Financing

Funds approved
from 2006 until 2014
Year Billions of roubles
2006 5
2007 16
2008 32
2009 27
2010 22
2011 27
2012 26
2013 22
2014 8

As of October 2013, the estimated cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion. This total, if borne out, would be over four times the initial budget of $12 billion (compared to the $8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver), and would make the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which hosted 3 times as many events.

According to Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee President and CEO Dmitry Chernyshenko, partnership and commercial programs allowed the use of funds generated by Sochi 2014 for the 2009–10 development period, postponing the need for the state funds guaranteed by the Russian Government. He confirmed that the Organizing Committee had raised more than $500 million through marketing in the first five months of 2009. The Russian Government provided nearly 327 billion roubles (about US$10 billion) for the total development, expansion and hosting of the Games. 192 billion roubles coming from the federal budget and 7 billion roubles from the Krasnodar Krai budget and from the Sochi budget. The organizers expect to have a surplus of US$300 million when the Games conclude.

Financing from non-budget sources (including private investor funds) is distributed as follows:

  • Tourist infrastructure: $2.6 billion
  • Olympic venues: $500 million
  • Transport infrastructure: $270 million
  • Power supply infrastructure: $100 million

Venues

Main article: Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics

Template:Location map all With an average February temperature of 8.3 °C (42.8 °F) and a humid subtropical climate, Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games. Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas are smoke-free during the Games.

Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)

The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretin Valley, about 4 km (2.5 miles) from Russia's border with Georgia. The venues are clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. The new venues include:

A sketch of the layout of Sochi Olympic Park.

Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster)

Main article: Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
2014 Winter Olympics Mountain Cluster Venues (interactive map)
Ski resort of Roza Khutor at Krasnaya Polyana.

Tentative post-Olympic usage

After the Olympics, a Formula One street circuit is planned for the site. The deal to hold the Russian Grand Prix was signed on 14 October 2010, and runs from 2014 to 2020. The first race will take place after the Closing Ceremony of the Games, and the IOC has announced that the race will be delayed until 2015 if construction of the circuit interferes with preparations for the 2014 Olympics.

Marketing

The Soyuz rocket with the logo of the Sochi Olympics.

Emblem

The emblem of the 2014 Winter Olympics, unveiled in December 2009, carries a minimalistic style, and unlike previous Olympic emblems, consists of typefaces with no drawn elements at all. While more elaborate designs with influence from Khokhloma were considered, organizers eventually decided to use a simpler and more "futuristic" design instead. The "Sochi" and "2014" lettering is designed to mirror each other vertically (particularly on the "hi" and "14" characters), "reflecting" the contrasts of Russia's landscape (such as Sochi itself, a meeting point between the Black Sea and the Western Caucasus).

Critics, including Russian bloggers, panned the logo for being too simplistic and lacking any real symbolism; Guo Chunning, designer of the 2008 Summer Olympics emblem Dancing Beijing, criticized the logo for its lack of detail, and believed it should have contained more elements that represented winter and Russia's national identity, aside from its blue color scheme and its use of .ru, the top-level domain of Russia.

Mascots

Main article: 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots

For the first time in Olympic history, a public vote was held to decide the mascots for the 2014 Winter Olympics; the 10 finalists, along with the results, were unveiled during live specials on Channel One. On 26 February 2011, the official mascots were unveiled, consisting of a polar bear, a European hare, and an Amur leopard. The initial rounds consisted of online voting among submissions, while the final round involved text messaging.

A satirical mascot known as Zoich (based on the "2014" lettering from the Sochi emblem, converted to cyrillic script), a fuzzy blue frog with hypnotic multi-coloured rings (sharing the colors of the Olympic rings) on his eyeballs and the Imperial Crown ("to remind about statehood and spirituality"), proved popular in initial rounds of online voting, and became a local internet meme among Russians (with some comparing it to Futurama's "Hypnotoad"). Despite its popularity, Zoich did not qualify for the final round of voting, with its creator, political cartoonist Egor Zhgun, claiming that organizers were refusing to respect public opinion. However, it was later revealed that the mascot was deliberately planted into the vote by organizers to help promote the online vote.

Video game

The official Olympic video game is the fourth game in the Mario & Sonic series, Mario & Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. It was released by Sega for the Wii U on 8 November 2013 in Europe, and 15 November 2013 in North America.

Stamps

Postage stamps commemorating the three mascots.

Many countries' postal services have also released stamps, such as the Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus.

Construction

Vladimir Putin with George W. Bush and Laura Bush examining the models of the Olympic facilities for Sochi, April 2008.
100 Russian rouble banknote issued in 2013 by the Central Bank of Russia.

The Olympic infrastructure is being constructed according to a Federal Target Program (FTP). In June 2009 the Games' organizers reported they are one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games. In November 2011 IOC President Jacques Rogge was in Sochi and concluded that the city has made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier.

Telecommunications

See also: Telecommunications in Russia

According to the FTP, US$580 million would be spent on construction and modernization of telecommunications in the region. Avaya was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provides the data network equipment, including switches, routers, security, telephones and contact-center systems. It provides engineers and technicians to design and test the systems, and works with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games.

The 2014 Olympics is the first "fabric-enabled" Games using Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) technology. The network is capable of handling up to 54,000 Gbit/s (54 Tbit/s) of traffic.

Infrastructure built:

During the Games, the core networks of Rostelecom and Transtelekom are used.

In January 2012, the newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of Adler. Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region.

The fiber-optic channel links Sochi between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana. The 46-kilometre-long (29 mi) channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics.

In November 2013, it was reported that the fiber-optic cable that was built by the Federal Communications Agency, Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center of the IT world (Template:Lang-ru).

Russian mobile phone operator Megafon expanded and improved Sochi's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G/3G/4G cell towers. Sochi is the first Games to offer 4G connectivity at a speed of 10 MB/sec. It has started to provide content delivery services to Russian state television and radio. The content delivery network of Megafon unites servers located in the major cities of Russia, into a single infrastructure that can speed up information from the Internet for users. CDN service allows major media companies to provide users quick access to content without interruption and delays when transferring large amounts of data. The Russian segment of the bandwidth of the CDN- network of MegaFon is about 250 Gbit/s.

MTS provide full coverage of the Sochi and the Krasnodar Territory, with network capacity doubled. In preparation for the Olympics, Tele2 Russia increased the number of base stations in Sochi and Krasnaya Polyana by 15% and the network capacity up to 70%, and provides 100% coverage of the Olympic facilities in the mountain cluster.

Rostelecom also built LTE 4th generation network. It covers an area of 40 km (15 sq mi) in the mountains and 50 km in the coastal clusters. The 4th generation is available in all major Olympic venues in the Imereti lowland and mountain cluster, as well as Sochi airport and in the Olympic Park. The Russian Ministry of Communications, together with mobile operators organized internetwork roaming at Olympic venues. This measure allows subscribers access to the largest Russian operators at their standard fare to use the network of MegaFon, which has the exclusive right to work at Olympic venues.

Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network (RTRS), the state operator of Russia's extensive broadcasting infrastructure, commissioned three mobile digital television broadcasting complexes. Mobile systems can broadcast a signal to a radius of about 30 km (19 miles), depending on terrain. They are used as a backup transmitter, two multiplexes and two FM-radio stations in the event of a fault or power failure in fixed installations, as well as for the organization of video play-out.

On 11 December 2013 Rostelecom said it had completed its infrastructure for the games. The transport component of the infrastructure includes about 500 kilometres (310 miles) of fiber-optic communication lines linking 35 facilities. The main network's capacity has been increased to 140 Gbit/sec. The Olympic Information Technology Center was the core of the project, the largest IT facility for Sochi with an area of more than 2,000 square metres (0.5 acre). The Center is aimed to process information flows, manage the Games' united network and integrate special solutions for each sport.

In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media center in Sochi to the Internet and organized channels of communication with the main media center of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press center in Moscow. The media center was built at total cost of 17 million roubles.

Power infrastructure

A five-year strategy for increasing power supply in the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry of Regional Development, the Russian Ministry of Energy, the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration.

The event was a part of the Olympic Games Knowledge Management (OGKM) program by the IOC.

According to the strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing stable power supply during and after the Games.

Power demand of Sochi in the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. Power demand of the Olympic infrastructure is expected to be about 340 MW.

  • Poselkovaya electrical substation became operational in early 2009
  • Sochi thermal power station is being reconstructed (expected power output is 160 MW)
  • Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations were completed in November 2010
  • Mzymta electrical substation was completed in March 2011
  • Krasnopolyanskaya hydroelectric power station was completed in 2010
  • Adler CHP station design and construction was completed in 2012. Expected power output is 360 MW
  • Bytkha substation, under construction with two transformers 25 MW each, includes dependable microprocessor-based protection

Earlier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations near the cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea.

President Putin had instructed Alexander Novak, the country's Energy Minister to exert strict control over the energy system of Sochi to prevent possible power failures during the games. Sochi's electricity distribution network included 900 kilometres (560 mi) of cables and overhead transmission lines, as well as 500 substations.

Transportation

See also: Transport in Russia
Electric multiple-units "Lastochka" serves the Tuapse–Sochi route.

The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks — 367 km (228 miles) of roads were paved.

The Sochi Light Metro is located between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana connecting the Olympic Park, the airport, and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana.

The existing 102 km (63-mile), Tuapse-to-Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009 Russian Railways ordered 38 Siemens Mobility Desiro trains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with an option for a further 16 which would be partly built in Russia.

Russian Railways established a high-speed Moscow-Adler link and a new railroad (more than 60 kilometres or 37 miles long) passing by the territory of Ukraine.

At the Sochi airport, a new terminal had been built along a 3.5 km (2.2-mile) runway extension, possibly overlapping Mzymta River. Backup airports were built in Gelendzhik, Mineralnye Vody and Krasnodar by 2009. A new railway line was built to connect central Sochi and the local airport. The line is served by Lastochka trains. This new type of electric locomotive, based on the Siemens Desiro design, has been developed for commuting transportation in the Russian environment. All Russian Railways facilities in Sochi have been built or retrofitted to accommodate disabled passengers.

Sochi seaport.

At the Port of Sochi, a new offshore terminal 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers. The cargo terminal of the seaport is to be moved from the centre of Sochi.

Roadways have been detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off.

In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No. 1 (the final total is six) on the combined road (automobile and railway) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No. 1 is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes:

  • Escape tunnel, 2.25 kilometres (1.40 mi), completed in 2010
  • Road tunnel, 2,153 metres (7,064 ft), completed in 2013
  • One-track railway tunnel, 2,473 metres (8,114 ft), completed in 2013

Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin said the road construction would cost more than 200 billion roubles.

In addition, Sochi's railway stations were renovated. These are Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Lazarevskaya, and Loo railway stations. In Adler, a new railway station was built while the original building was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the Olympic Park railway station. Another new railway station was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana.

New bus routes for the guests of the Olympics have begun operating in the city, stretching some 150 kilometres (93 mi) along the Black Sea coast. The buses run with 5-minute intervals during the Games. Some 963 operate during the Olympics, while half of all the transport facilities will be used during the Paralympics. The guests will be able to board buses at transportation hubs, located near the railway station in the centre of Sochi and also in Matsesta, Khosta, and Adler neighborhoods, as well as in Krasnaya Polyana, Estosadok, Rosa Khutor Alpine Center, and near the Sliding Center Sanki.

Other infrastructure

File:Village Olympique Sochi.jpg
Sochi's Olympic Village.

Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests. The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny (Stellar), is rebuilt anew. Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including tertiary treatment with microfiltration.

Six post offices were opened at competition venues, two of them in the main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of Estosadok. In addition to standard services, clients have access to unique services including two new products: "Fotomarka" and "Retropismo". Fotomarka gives the opportunity to get a stylized post block with eight souvenir stamps with one's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service gives the customer to write their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All new postal items and Post Offices in Sochi will be working during the Olympics until late at night all week, and workers were trained to speak English.

The Games

Torch relay

Main article: 2014 Winter Olympics torch relay
Torch relay in Moscow.

The torch relay lasted 123 days and measured 40,000 kilometers in length. A total of 14,000 torch carriers took part in the relay. The Olympic flame was taken to the Caucasus’ tallest peak — Mount Elbrus, lowered to the bottom of Lake Baikal and visited the North Pole and the International Space Station.

On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in Ancient Olympia, beginning a seven-day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the torch relay started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on the day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014. It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a 40,000-mile route that passes through all regions of the country, from Kaliningrad in the west to Chukotka in the east.

The Olympic torch reached the North Pole for first time via a nuclear-powered icebreaker (50 Let Pobedy). The torch was also passed for the first time in space; the flame was carried on flight Soyuz TMA-11M to the International Space Station (ISS), and the spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic-themed livery, including the Games' emblem. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazansky passed the torch at the outlet of the ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board Soyuz TMA-09M. The torch also reached the Europe's highest mountain Mount Elbrus, and even the depths of Siberia's Lake Baikal.

Opening ceremony

File:2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony (2014-02-07) 01.jpeg
Opening ceremony - Fisht Stadium
Main articles: 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony and 2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations

The opening ceremony took place on February 7, 2014. Figure skater Irina Rodnina and ice hockey player Vladislav Tretiak lit the torch.

Participating National Olympic Committees

A record 88 nations qualified to compete, which beat the previous record of 82 set at the last Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed below . Seven nations, Dominica, Malta, Paraguay, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, and Zimbabwe, are making their Winter Olympics debut.

Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for Puerto Rico, but the island's Olympic Committee chose not to send her to compete again as they did in 2010. Similarly, South Africa decided not to send alpine skier Sive Speelman to Sochi. Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, Mehdi-Selim Khelifi.

The participating nations at the Winter Olympics 2014 in Sochi.
Participating National Olympic Committees (number of qualifying athletes)

Template:Multicol Template:Multicol

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Countries that participated in 2010, but not 2014. Countries that are participating in 2014, but did not in 2010.
 Colombia
 Ethiopia
 Ghana
 India
 North Korea
 Senegal
 South Africa 		 British Virgin Islands
 Dominica
 Luxembourg
 Malta
 Paraguay
 Philippines
 Thailand
 East Timor
 Togo
 Tonga
 Venezuela
 Virgin Islands
 Zimbabwe

India's athletes will compete under the Olympic Flag, as India was suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the Indian Olympic Association.

National houses

During the Games some countries will have a national house, a meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers. Houses can be either free for visitors to access or they can have limited access by invitation only.

Nation Location Name Website
 Austria Mountain Cluster Austria Tirol House Official website
 Canada Coastal Cluster (Next to Fisht Olympic Stadium) Canada House
 Czech Republic Adler Czech House
 France Gornaya Karusel (Mountain Cluster) Club France Official website
 Germany Estosadok, Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster) German House Official website
 Italy Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) Italy House Official website
 Japan Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) Japan House
 Netherlands Azimut Hotel Resort (near Coastal Cluster) Holland Heineken House Official website
 Russia Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) NOC Hospitality Houses of Russia
 Slovakia Sochi railway station Slovak Point
 South Korea Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) Pyeongchang 2018 Korea House (no official)
 Switzerland Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) House of Switzerland Official website
 United States Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) USA House

Sports

98 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports were included in the 2014 Winter Olympics. The three skating sports disciplines are figure skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. There are six skiing sport disciplines—alpine, cross-country skiing, freestyle, Nordic combined, ski jumping and snowboarding. The two bobsleigh sports disciplines are bobsleigh and skeleton. The other four sports are biathlon, curling, ice hockey, and luge. A total of twelve new events are contested to make it the largest Winter Olympics to date. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sports discipline.

Postage Stamps of Pridnestrovie, Sochi Olympic Games (2014).

On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games. The events include:

On 4 July 2011 the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program. These events were officially declared by Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge on 5 July 2011.

Team alpine skiing was presented as a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic program but the Executive board of the IOC rejected this proposal. The International Ski Federation persisted with the nomination and this was considered. There were reports of Bandy possibly being added to the sports program, but the IOC rejected this request. Subsequently, the international governing body, Federation of International Bandy, decided to that Irkutsk and Shelekhov in Russia, would host the 2014 Bandy World Championships just before the Olympics.

On 28 November 2006, the Executive Board of the IOC decided not to include the following sports in the review process of the program.

Medals

Main article: List of 2014 Winter Olympics medal winners

Sochi's medal design was unveiled in May 2013. The design is intended to resemble Sochi's landscape, with a semi-translucent section containing a "patchwork quilt" of diamonds representing mountains; the diamonds themselves contain designs that reflect Russia's regions. Those who win gold medals on 15 February will receive special medals with fragments of the Chelyabinsk meteor, marking the one-year anniversary of the event where pieces of the cosmic body fell into the Chebarkul Lake in the Ural Mountains in central Russia.

Medal table

Main article: 2014 Winter Olympics medal table

  *   Host nation (Russia)

RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Norway116926
2 Russia*‡1010929
3 Canada1010525
4 United States‡991028
5 Netherlands87924
6 Germany86519
7 Switzerland‡72211
8 Belarus5016
9 Austria48517
10 France44715
11–26Remaining NOCs22353794
Totals (26 entries)989799294

Calendar

Main article: Chronological summary of the 2014 Winter Olympics

Template:2014 Winter Olympics Calendar

Security

Measures

More than 40,000 law enforcement officials will be deployed in securing the event and police at the games will be able to converse with non-Russian speaking spectators and other guests in three languages: English, French and German. Russian Ground Forces commander Colonel-General Vladimir Chirkin said Russian Armed Forces will help ensure security during the preparations for and throughout the games. A Presidential Decree signed by President Vladimir Putin, stipulates that all gatherings, protests, demonstrations, marches and pickets in Sochi and the surrounding area that are not part of the Olympics or Paralympics must obtain approval from the FSB (intelligence agency), police and local government. The restrictions will run from 7 January, a month before the Olympic opening ceremony, until 21 March, five days after the end of the Paralympics. Some estimated the decree could be used to bar protests over Russia's controversial LGBT propaganda law, which has already provoked widespread international criticism. There could also be campaigns by representatives of the Muslim Circassian people, who lived in the area where Sochi now stands until their homeland was occupied by Russia in the 19th century and the majority were either expelled or killed.

Restrictions on movement in and around Sochi began on 7 January and run through 21 March, with "controlled" and "forbidden" zones. The controlled zones, dubbed the "ring of steel" by the press, cover all Olympic venues and infrastructure, including the coastal Olympic Park and the mountain cluster of skiing facilities, as well as all transport hubs. The forbidden zones will include the border area separating Russia from neighboring Abkhazia, just a few kilometers east of Sochi, as well as the Sochi National Park, an environmentally protected area. The government has also tightened the mandatory registration system for Russian citizens visiting Sochi. To enter railway stations and Olympic venues, visitors must pass through security checkpoints equipped with x-ray machines, metal detectors and explosive material scanners manned by security forces. Airspace above the Olympic region will be guarded by an unmanned aerial vehicle squadron as well as S-400 and Pantsir-S1 air defense rockets. From the Black sea, Sochi will be protected by four counter-terror gunboats.

Internal Troops of the Ministry of Interior will have 10,000-strong force to provide security during the Games. In mid January, some 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were sent to a military town near Krasnaya Polyana. Their duties primarily involve prevention of unauthorized access to sports facilities, residential areas, thoroughfares and bridges. Some of the forces will keep public order along with the police. From 7 January, the country's Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) forces that are engaged in the security measures at the Olympics in Sochi have been placed on combat duty. In addition, emergency situations monitoring systems, including those from the outer space as well as medical laboratory control, were deployed according to Minister of Emergency Situations, Vladimir Puchkov. According to him, a firefighting and rescue unit, a modern horse and dog specialist center and other facilities have been commissioned ahead of the games.

Over 400 Cossacks arrived in Sochi in early January to help the security forces. The Cossacks will accompany police patrols in full traditional uniform, which includes elaborate tunics, fur hats and swords. They were authorized by the law to check IDs and take suspects to police stations. The 58th Army unit of the Russian Armed Forces, which is composed of about 70,000 soldiers, will patrol Russia's nearby southern border with Georgia. U.S. President Barack Obama offered security assistance to Putin;The Pentagon confirmed two ships and other assets at the ready in the Black Sea. On 31 January 2014, the USS Mount Whitney left its home port of Gaeta, Italy; it is the first of two US Navy ships that will be operating in the Black Sea during the games.

Several groups have threatened to attack the Sochi Olympics, the latest being a group that calls itself Vilayat Dagestan, which also claimed responsibility for the Volgograd bombings. They said the attacks were ordered by rebel leader Doku Umarov, who has also threatened to strike Sochi during the Olympics. In response to the possible threats, the U.S. ski and snowboard team has hired private security firm Global Rescue to protect its athletes in case of emergency. The British, German, Italian, Hungarian, Austrian, Slovenian and Slovakian Olympic associations received threats that athletes would be "blown up" or kidnapped by terrorists at the Winter Games. According to the IOC, the letters did not represent any real threat.

Incidents

On 7 February 2014, during the opening ceremony, a Pegasus Airlines jetliner from Kharkiv, Ukraine to Istanbul, Turkey was threatened by a passenger claiming to have a bomb and wanting to hijack the plane to fly it to Sochi. The plane landed at its intended destination in Istanbul. The Ukrainian foreign ministry reported that the passenger was arrested, and no weapons or bombs were found aboard the plane.

Media

Filming

Panasonic is supplying all the event’s video needs including broadcast equipment. The International Olympic Committee and Olympic Broadcasting Services will capture the upcoming 22nd Winter Games opening ceremony in 4K-Ultra HD. Both NTV Plus and Comcast plan to film portions of the Games in 4K resolution (UHDTV). Comcast plans to offer its content through smart TV apps, while NTV+ is planning to hold public and cinema viewings of the content. Russian broadcaster Channel One is among several rights holders using technology from Elemental to stream coverage of the Games. In a system delivered by Russian IT supplier Open Technologies, Elemental will process nine channels of Channel One Olympics programming over IP to multiple devices. During the Games, solutions from Elemental will stream Channel One live and time-shifted TV content in 12 Adobe HDS H.264 profiles to set-top boxes, computers, Android and iOS devices, and smart TVs.

Broadcasting rights

Main article: List of 2014 Winter Olympics broadcasters

In most regions, broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics were packaged together with broadcast rights for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but some broadcasters obtained rights to further games as well. Domestic broadcast rights were sold by Sportfive to a consortium of three Russian broadcasters; Channel One, VGTRK, and NTV Plus.

In the United States, the 2014 Winter Olympics will be the first in a US$4.38 billion contract with NBC, extending its broadcast rights to the Olympic Games through 2020.

In Canada, after losing the 2010 and 2012 Games to CTV, the 2014 Winter Olympics will mark the return of the Olympics to CBC Television and French sister network Ici Radio-Canada Télé for the first time since 2008.

In Australia, after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Games due to cost concerns, the IOC awarded broadcast rights to just the 2014 Winter Olympics to Network Ten for A$20 million.

Sponsors

A Volkswagen Jetta in 2014 Winter Olympics livery from sponsor Volkswagen Group Rus.

The following are the "Worldwide Olympic Partners":

The following are the "National Partners Sochi 2014":

Concerns and controversies

Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics

The lead-up to the Games were affected by numerous controversies and concerns; primarily concerning exploitation of workers engaged in Olympic construction; allegations of the illegal dumping of construction waste threatening residents' health and safety; evictions and displacement of residents to make way for Olympic venues; economic issues; and harassment of environmental and human rights activists and journalists who criticise Olympic preparations or the government's anti-LGBT policies; and disputes with Circassian nationalists, who demanded that the events be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologises for the 19th-century deaths, which Circassians regard to be a genocide.

Prominent campaigns, such as Principle 6, have been held in protest of legislation banning the distribution of LGBT "propaganda" to minors. Critics condemned the laws for being so vague that they effectively prevent most forms of LGBT culture, while the laws have also been attributed to an increase in hate crimes against LGBT people in the country. Those protesting the laws have considered them inconsistent with principle six of the Olympic Charter, which states that "any form of discrimination with regard to a country or a person on grounds of race, religion, politics, gender or otherwise is incompatible with belonging to the Olympic Movement." A number of world leaders, including United States president Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and French President François Hollande, notably declined to visit the Games. Although they denied that their decision not to travel to Sochi was a political statement aimed against Russian policies, there was speculation it may have been a symbolic boycott over Russia's treatment of LGBT people. In a 2013 article, the Financial Times argued that a boycott would be counter-productive, as it "could reinforce the Kremlin narrative that the West seeks constantly to undermine Russia. Far from driving a wedge between Mr Putin and Russians, it might consolidate his support among the majority", but went on to say that the IOC and FIFA should "use the games and intervening months to speak out against the anti-gay law and other illiberal measures", and that pressure from Olympic sponsors could be more effective. In a press conference prior to the Games, Vladimir Putin stated that gays in attendance would not be discriminated against, but still warned them not to violate the law.

While most Olympic Games have high cost overruns, for these Games they are much higher than usual, with the costs being more than all the previous 21 Winter Olympics combined. Allison Stewart of the Saïd Business School at Oxford, notes that relations between the government and construction companies appear closer in Sochi than in other games. Oligarch Arkady Rotenberg has won contracts worth $7.4 billion. Criticism also surfaced over the quality and availability of accommodations in Sochi prior to the Games, particularly those meant for the media. Due to contractors failing to meet deadlines, a number of hotels were left with unfinished rooms. Visitors reported various issues, including discoloured tap water or no water at all, and missing furniture.

According to an article in The Daily Telegraph, Prince Bandar bin Sultan, head of Saudi intelligence, allegedly confronted the Kremlin with a mix of inducements and threats in a bid to break the deadlock over Syria, including the security of the Winter Olympics in Sochi if there is no accord. He allegedly said “I can give you a guarantee to protect the Winter Olympics next year. The Chechen groups that threaten the security of the games are controlled by us". Three suicide bombings in Volgograd, 700 kilometres from Sochi, one in October 2013 and the two others in December 2013, have raised additional international concerns about security during the Olympics. The IOC expressed sympathy for the victims and underlined that they trusted that Russia's security arrangements for the Olympics would be adequate. Vilayat Dagestan then again threatened the games saying that Putin should expect a "present."

Notes and references

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