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| ==Service== | ==Service== | ||
| ], Donkin Reserve, Port Elizabeth.]] | ], Donkin Reserve, Port Elizabeth.]] | ||
| Becoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the ] in the next year, gaining promotion to major in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant-colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in ]'s expedition to ]. He served with ] in ] in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in ], which he led in victory at the ] (May 1809). | Becoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the ] in the next year, gaining promotion to major in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant-colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in ]'s ]. He served with ] in ] in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in ], which he led in victory at the ] (May 1809). | ||
| On the day prior of the ] (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post ]: the British lost over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle. | On the day prior of the ] (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post ]: the British lost over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle. | ||
Revision as of 10:51, 22 March 2014
Sir Rufane Shaw Donkin GCH KCB FRS FRGS (1773 – 1 May 1841), was a British army officer of the Napoleonic era and later Member of Parliament.
Background
Rufane Donkin came of a military family and was the eldest child. His father, who reached the rank of a full general, served with many famous British commanders including Wolfe and Gage. The younger Donkin received his first commission at the age of five as an honour post in his father's regiment.
Service
Becoming a captain in 1793, Donkin saw active service in the West Indies in the next year, gaining promotion to major in 1796. At the age of twenty-five he became a lieutenant-colonel and in 1798 led a light battalion with distinction in Popham's [[expedition to Ostend. He served with Cathcart in Denmark in 1807 and two years later won command of a brigade of three regiments in the army in Portugal, which he led in victory at the Second Battle of Porto (May 1809).
On the day prior of the Battle of Talavera (July 1809), an advance French force surprised Donkin's brigade (positioned ahead of the main British army) before they could post pickets: the British lost over 400 casualties. Donkin fell back, rallied the men at the main line and led the brigade throughout the battle.
The Army then transferred Donkin, in the role of quartermaster-general, to the Mediterranean command. He served there from 1810 to 1813, taking part in the Catalonian expeditions under Lieutenant-General Frederick Maitland (1812) and Lord William Bentinck (1813). In July 1815, the now Major-General Donkin received a posting to India, distinguishing himself as a divisional commander in Hastings's operations against the Mahrattas (1817–1818) and receiving the KCB as his reward. The death of his young wife Elizabeth Frances née Markham seriously affected him, after that he went to the Cape of Good Hope on extended sick leave. From 1820 to 1821 he administered the Cape Colony with success as acting Governor. He named the rising seaport of Algoa Bay Port Elizabeth in memory of his wife and in August 1820 erected a memorial to her on a hill overlooking Algoa Bay. In 1821 he became lieutenant-general and a member of the GCH.
Post-army
The rest of Donkin's life passed in literary and political work. He was one of the original fellows of the Royal Geographical Society, and was a member of the Royal Society and of many other learned bodies. His theories as to the course of the River Niger, published under the title Dissertation on the Course and Probable Termination of the Niger (London, 1829), involved him in a good deal of controversy. From 1832 to 1837 he sat in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in 1835 became Surveyor-General of the Ordnance. He was elected as MP for Sandwich in 1839, and held that seat until he committed suicide at Southampton on 1 May 1841. He was then a general, and colonel of the 11th Regiment of Foot.
Rufane Donkin's cousin, Charles Collier Michell, served as the surveyor-general of the Cape Colony.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
External links
Footnotes
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Burke, John (1835). A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank, but uninvested with heritable honours. Vol. 2. Colburn. p. 69. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
DONKIN, SIR RUFANE-SHAW, m. first, Elizabeth-Frances, eldest daughter of the Very Rev. Dr. George Markham, dean of York, and grand-daughter of the late Archbishop of York
- Markham, Edward (1963). McCormick, E.H. (ed.). New Zealand or recollections of it. Wellington: Government Printer. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
on 30 August 1815 the Dean's eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married General Rufane Donkin, who soon afterwards left for India to take up the appointment of Quartermaster-General. 'Poor Bessie' bore a son and died at Meerut .
- Selwyn, William (1891). "The Port Elizabeth Pyramid". Cape carols and miscellaneous verses. Cape Town: Argus Print. and Pub. Co. p. 21. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byMarcus Beresford Sir Francis Blake |
Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed 1832 – 1837 With: Sir Francis Blake to 1835 James Bradshaw from 1835 |
Succeeded byRichard Hodgson William Holmes |
| Preceded bySir James Rivett-Carnac, Bt Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt |
Member of Parliament for Sandwich 1839 – 1841 With: Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt |
Succeeded byHugh Hamilton Lindsay Sir Edward Troubridge, Bt |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded byLord Edward Somerset | Surveyor-General of the Ordnance 1835–1841 |
Succeeded byCharles Richard Fox |
- Use dmy dates from April 2012
- 1773 births
- 1841 deaths
- Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- British Army generals
- British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
- British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
- City founders
- Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
- Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies
- UK MPs 1832–35
- UK MPs 1835–37
- UK MPs 1837–41