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'''Landmark Worldwide''' (formerly '''Landmark Education'''), or simply '''Landmark''', is a ] headquartered in ], ]. It offers programs in ]. | '''Landmark Worldwide''' (formerly '''Landmark Education'''), or simply '''Landmark''', is a ] headquartered in ], ]. It offers programs in ]. | ||
The company started with the purchase of ] |
The company started with the purchase of ] rights developed by ], creator of the ] training. Landmark has developed and delivered over 40 personal development programs. Its subsidiary, the Vanto Group, markets and delivers training and consulting to organizations. | ||
Landmark's programs have been categorized by scholars and others as religious or quasi-religious in nature. In some quarters, it has been classed as a cult, with some participants alleging the use of manipulative and coercive techniques. Landmark denies such characterizations and has pressed lawsuits in response in response to such claims. It has also been criticized for heavy recruiting and exploitation of volunteer labor, which led to its closing some of its international offices. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
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Mayfair’s Amber Allison describers Landmark’s instructors as “enthusiastic and inspiring.” Her review says that after doing The Landmark Forum, “Work worries, relationship dramas all seem more manageable”, and that she “let go of almost three decades of hurt, anger and feelings of betrayal” towards her father. <ref name=Allinson>{{cite news | first = Amber | last = Allinson | title = Mind Over Matter | publisher= The Mayfair Magazine (U.K.) |date = April 2014}}</ref> | Mayfair’s Amber Allison describers Landmark’s instructors as “enthusiastic and inspiring.” Her review says that after doing The Landmark Forum, “Work worries, relationship dramas all seem more manageable”, and that she “let go of almost three decades of hurt, anger and feelings of betrayal” towards her father. <ref name=Allinson>{{cite news | first = Amber | last = Allinson | title = Mind Over Matter | publisher= The Mayfair Magazine (U.K.) |date = April 2014}}</ref> | ||
==Disputed religious character== | |||
Many scholars have categorized Landmark and its predecessor organizations as ], ] or a ].<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite book |last=Barker |first=Eileen |authorlink= |editor-first=Dinesh |editor-last=Bhugra |editor-link=Dinesh Bhugra |title=Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies |year=1996|publisher=Routledge |location=London and New York |isbn=0415089557 |page=126 |chapter=New Religions and Mental Health }}; | |||
*{{cite book | last=Beckford | first=James A. | title=Social Theory and Religion | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge | year=2003 | isbn=0-521-77431-4 |page=156 }}; | |||
*{{cite journal |last=Lockwood |first=Renee |year=2011 |title=Religiosity Rejected: Exploring the Religio-Spiritual Dimensions of Landmark Education |journal=International Journal for the Study of New Religions |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=225–254 |location=Sheffield, England |publisher=Equinox |issn=2041-9511}}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Beckford |first=James A. |authorlink=James A. Beckford |editor1-first=Phillip Charles |editor1-last=Lucas |editor2-first=Thomas |editor2-last=Robbins |title=New Religious Movements in the 21st Century |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon and New York |isbn= 0-415-96576-4 |page=256 |chapter=New Religious Movements and Globalization }}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Clarke |first=Peter B. |authorlink=Peter B. Clarke |editor1-first=Charles |editor1-last=Taliaferro |editor2-first=Victoria S. |editor2-last=Harrison |editor3-first=Stewart |editor3-last=Goetz |title=The Routledge Companion to Theism |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0-415-88164-7 |page=123 |chapter=New Religious Movements }}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Heelas |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Heelas |editor1-first=S.R. |editor1-last=Sutherland |editor2-first=P.B. |editor2-last=Clarke |title=The Study of Religion: Traditional and New Religions |year=1991 |publisher=Routledge |location= London |isbn=0-415-06432-5 |pages=165–166, 171 |chapter=Western Europe: Self Religions }}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Ramstedt |first=Martin |editor1-first=Daren |editor1-last=Kemp |editor2-first=James R. |editor2-last=Lewis |editor2-link=James R. Lewis (scholar) |title=Handbook of the New Age |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |year=2007 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-15355-4 |page=196-197 |chapter=New Age and Business }}.</ref> Others, such as Chryssides, classify Landmark as either quasi-religious or secular with some elements of religion.<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite book |editor1-first=James A. |editor1-last=Beckford |editor1-link=James A. Beckford |editor2-first=Jay |editor2-last=Demerath |title=The SAGE Handbook of the Sociology of Religion |year=2007 |publisher=SAGE |location=London |isbn=978-1-4129-1195-5 |pages=229, 687 }}; | |||
*{{cite book|title=Exploring New Religions |last= Chryssides|first=George D.|year= 1999| publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group | place=New York, New York | isbn= 0-8264-5959-5 |page=314 }}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Bromley |first=David G. |authorlink=David G. Bromley |title=Teaching New Religious Movements |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-19-517729-9 |page=48 }}.</ref> Various governments have also classed Landmark and its previous iterations as new religion and some have classified it as dangerous (although various scholars have disputed this characterization).<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite book |last=Wright |first =Stuart |editor1-first=David G. |editor1-last=Bromley |editor1-link=David G. Bromley |editor2-first=J. Gordon |editor2-last=Melton |editor2-link=J. Gordon Melton |title=Cults, Religion, and Violence |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2002 |page =114 |isbn=0-521-66898-0 |chapter=Public Agency Involvement in Government–Religious Movement Confrontation }}; | |||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2005/51539.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Austria |author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Office of International Religious Freedom |year=2005 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State |location=Washington, D.C. |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}; | |||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2005/51583.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Sweden |author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Office of International Religious Freedom |year=2006 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State |location=Washington, D.C. |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}; | |||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dossiers/sectes/r1687anx.asp |title=Les sectes et l'argent |author=Commission d'Enquête |year=1999 |publisher=Assemblée nationale de France |location=Paris |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}; | |||
*{{cite web |url=http://www.dekamer.be/FLWB/pdf/49/0313/49K0313008.pdf |title=Enquette Parlementaire |author=Investigative Commission |year=1997 |publisher=Belgian Chamber of Representatives |location=Brussels |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}.</ref> Some scholars of new religious movements have also included Landmark in cult typologies<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite book |last=Chryssides |first=George |title=Exploring New Religions |year=1999 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |location=New York |isbn= |pages=229, 687 }}; | |||
*{{cite journal |author=Schneider |year=1995 |title=Der Pädagogische Bereich als Operationsfeld für Psychokulte |journal=20 Jahre Elterninitiative |volume=e.V. |pages=189–190 |publisher=University of Tubingen, Theologische Abteilung |isbn=3-927890-23-5 |issn=0720–3772}}; | |||
*{{cite book |last=Sharot |first=Stephen |title=Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities |year=2011 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |location=Detroit, Michigan |isbn=9780814334010 |page=182 }}.</ref> or commented on characteristics shared with such groups without labeling it as a cult,<ref>{{cite book |last=Goldwag |first=Arthur |title=Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies |year=2009 |publisher=Vintage/Random House |location=New York |isbn=9780307390677 |pages=29-30 }}</ref> with former members reporting manipulative and coercive techniques such as sleep deprivation.<ref>http://www.caic.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=category§ionid=8&id=73&Itemid=12</ref> Landmark has vociferously denied that it is a religion, cult or sect.<ref>{{cite book |last=Puttick |first=Elizabeth |editor-first=Christopher Hugh |editor-last=Partridge |title=Encyclopedia of New Religions |year=2004 |publisher=Lion |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-74-595073-0 |pages=406–407 |chapter=Landmark Forum (est) }}</ref> | |||
Articles about the Forum have mentioned allegations that it has "cult-like" characteristics.<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite news |last=Bass |first =Alison |title =The Forum: Cult or comfort? |work =] |publisher =] |date =March 3, 1999 }}; | |||
*Graham Rayman, , ''Village Voice'', 20 May 2008; | |||
*Christa D'Souza, "Sex Therapy", ''The Times'' (London), 13 July 2008, Features/Style, p. 12; | |||
*Una Mullally and John Burke, "Labour senator promotes group classified in France as 'cult-like'", ''Sunday Tribune'' (Dublin), 31 July 2005, p. N1; | |||
*{{cite news | first = Amanda | last = Scioscia | title = Drive-thru Deliverance; It's not called est anymore, but you can still be ridiculed into self-awareness in just one expensive weekend | work = Phoenix New Times | date = 19 October 2000 | url = http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2000-10-19/news/drive-thru-deliverance/ }}; | |||
*, ''ABC News'' (Australia), 2 April 2008.</ref> Landmark has rejected the cult label and "freely threatens or pursues lawsuits against those who call it one."<ref>{{cite news | first = Amanda | last = Scioscia | title = Drive-thru Deliverance; It's not called est anymore, but you can still be ridiculed into self-awareness in just one expensive weekend | work = Phoenix New Times | date = 19 October 2000 | url = http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2000-10-19/news/drive-thru-deliverance/ }}</ref> Journalists Amelia Hill with '']'' and Karin Badt from '']'' have witnessed the Landmark Forum and concluded that, in their view, it is not a cult. Hill wrote, "It is ... simple common sense delivered in an environment of startling intensity." Badt noted the organisation's emphasis on "'spreading the word' of the Landmark forum as a sign of the participants' 'integrity'" in recounting her personal experience of an introductory "Landmark Forum" course. Part of this theme included repeated comparisons between program participants and Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news |first=Karin |last=Badt |title=Inside The Landmark Forum |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/karin-badt/inside-the-landmark-forum_b_90028.html |work=The Huffington Post |publisher=HuffingtonPost.com |date=2008-03-05 |accessdate=2009-08-11 |quote=I questioned the odd apolitical bias of the program. Martin Luther King and {{sic|Gha|ndi}} were not just victors of positive thinking: they had a radical political agenda to re-adjust political inequality. Their belief system was based in believing in something more than ourselves. Why were we being compared to Gandhi and King if we could stand up to our husbands and get a more successful career? concluded, per forma, with moving descriptions of Gandhi and King.}}</ref> Badt also noted that, "At the end of the day, I found the Forum innocuous. No cult, no radical religion: an inspiring, entertaining introduction of good solid techniques of self-reflection, with an appropriate emphasis on action and transformation (not change)", pointing instead to problems lying with uncritical participants.<ref name=Badt/> | |||
Despite Landmark's disclaiming of any religious association, academic and other observers have continued to note relationships between the training programs and religion and religious experience. Some have also noted a lack of religious elements in the programs or the compatibility of the programs with existing religions.<ref>See: | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Ben Porat |first=Shahar |title=Teacher of the Confused |newspaper=Time Out |location=Israel |pages=42–44 |date=April 2006 }} | |||
*{{Cite journal |last=Cannon |first=Patrick Owen |title=Communication for Planetary Transformation and the Drag of Public Conversations: The Case of Landmark Education Corporation |pages=1–504 |publisher=University of South Florida |location=Tampa, Florida |date=June 14, 2007 | url=http://kong.lib.usf.edu:8881/R/7M18C94JUL2GRRD6L46U62EL47JUK9CKM7F7CG891VSMGQMBIE-00353?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111754&local_base=GEN01&pds_handle=GUEST |id=SFE0002150 |accessdate=26 January 2010}} | |||
*{{Cite news |last=Lazarus |first=Baila |title=Attain Freedom from the Past |newspaper=Jewish Independent |date=April 11, 2008 }}</ref> Academic sources have suggested that the programs possess religious features and/or address participants' spiritual needs.<ref>See: | |||
*{{cite book |last=Bhugra |first=Dinesh |title=Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies |publisher=Routledge |year=1997 |page=126 | isbn =0-415-16512-1 }} | |||
*{{cite book |last =Chryssides |first=George D. |authorlink=George D. Chryssides |title =The A to Z of New Religious Movements |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2006 |pages=197–198 |isbn=0-8108-5588-7 }} | |||
*{{cite journal |last =Kronberg |first=Robert |coauthors=Kristina Lindebjerg |title=Psychogroups and Cults in Denmark |journal=] |volume=1 |issue=1 |publisher=] |year=2002 }} | |||
*{{cite book |last=Beckford |first=James A. |title=Social Theory and Religion |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |page=156 |isbn=0-521-77431-4 }} | |||
*{{cite book |last=Partridge |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Partridge |coauthors=Elizabeth Puttick (contributor) |title=New Religions: A Guide |publisher =Oxford University Press, USA |year=2004 |page=406 |isbn=0-19-522042-0 }} | |||
*{{cite book |last=Arweck |first=Elisabeth |title=Researching New Religious Movements |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |page=166 |isbn=0-415-27755-8}} | |||
*{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=James R. |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar) | title=Cults |publisher=] |year=2005 |pages=123–124 |isbn=1-85109-618-3 }}</ref> | |||
== Legal disputes == | == Legal disputes == | ||
{{Main|Landmark Education litigation}} | {{Main|Landmark Education litigation}} | ||
Since its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has initiated several lawsuits around the world, pressing ] actions against authors and journalists who have intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on ] or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas Landmark Education has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/search/?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_complaint.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross complaint.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/search/?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_answer.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> In addition, other actions have been brought by individuals who have been required by their employers to attend seminars delivered by Landmark and Vanto. Landmark has also initiated actions against websites such as ] and the ] to remove material it deems defamatory and to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants in its courses.<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. . Retrieved on September 1, 2013.</ref> | Since its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has initiated several lawsuits around the world, pressing ] actions against authors and journalists who have intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on ] or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas Landmark Education has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/search/?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_complaint.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross complaint.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/search/?title=File:2004_Landmark_v_Ross_answer.pdf&page=1 |title=File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons |publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org |accessdate=2012-04-18}}</ref> In addition, other actions have been brought by individuals who have been required by their employers to attend seminars delivered by Landmark and Vanto. Landmark has also initiated actions against websites such as ] and the ] to remove material it deems defamatory and to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants in its courses.<ref>Electronic Frontier Foundation. . Retrieved on September 1, 2013.</ref> | ||
Following a series of investigative articles in the national daily '']''<ref>See: | |||
* ;{{dead link|date=April 2012}} | |||
* ;{{dead link|date=April 2012}} | |||
* {{cite web|author=Christian Palme |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/landsting-kopte-kurs-av-landmark-1.86286 |title=Landsting köpte kurs av Landmark |publisher=DN.SE |date=2002-06-03 |accessdate=2012-04-18}}.</ref> and programs on the private TV channel ], Landmark also closed its offices in Sweden<ref></ref> as of June 2004. The French office of Landmark closed in July 2004 after labor inspectors, following a site visit that noted the activities of volunteers, made a report of undeclared employment.<ref>See: | |||
*Marie Lemonniera, , ''Le Nouvel Observateur'', 19 May 2005, accessed 7 December 2008; French text: "L'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment." | |||
*, ''ABC News'', 2 April 2008 | |||
*(1996) "" (French). atheisme.free.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008. | |||
*(May 26, 2004). "" (French). landmarkeducation.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.</ref> A similar case involving evading paying employees by using volunteers was conducted by the US Department of Labor in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/US_Department_of_Labor_investigation_into_Landmark_Education,_2006 |title=US Department of Labor investigation into Landmark Education, 2006 |author=US Dept. of Labor |date=15 April 2009 |website=WikiLeaks |publisher=Sunshine Press |accessdate=3 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == |
Revision as of 17:34, 5 September 2014
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Company type | Private LLC |
---|---|
Industry | self-help, self-improvement, personal development, management consulting, continuing education |
Founded | January 1991 |
Headquarters | San Francisco, California, U.S. |
Key people | Harry Rosenberg: Director; CEO Mick Leavitt: President |
Products | The Landmark Forum, associated coursework |
Revenue | USD$77 million (2009) |
Number of employees | 525+ employees; 800 trained leaders, some of whom volunteer their time; |
Subsidiaries | The Vanto Group (formerly Landmark Education Business Development or LEBD, from 1993 to 2007) Landmark Education International, Inc. Tekniko Licensing Corporation Rancord Company, Ltd. |
Website | Landmark's homepage |
Landmark Worldwide (formerly Landmark Education), or simply Landmark, is a limited liability company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It offers programs in personal development.
The company started with the purchase of intellectual property rights developed by Werner Erhard, creator of the est training. Landmark has developed and delivered over 40 personal development programs. Its subsidiary, the Vanto Group, markets and delivers training and consulting to organizations.
History
Landmark Worldwide LLC was founded in January 1991 by several of the presenters of a training program known as "The Forum". Landmark purchased the intellectual property rights to The Forum from Werner Erhard and Associates and used that as the basis for its foundation course named "The Landmark Forum", which has been further updated over the years. It has since developed around 55 additional training courses and seminar programs throughout 20 different countries around the world.
The corporation was originally registered as Transnational Education and changed its name to Landmark Education Corporation in May 1991. In June 2003 it was re-structured as Landmark Education LLC, and in July 2013 renamed Landmark Worldwide LLC.
According to Landmark, Werner Erhard (creator of the est training which ran from 1971 to 1984) consults from time to time with its "Research and Design team". Terry Giles, Chairman of the Board, is credited with resolving a long-standing rift among the descendants of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Corporation
Landmark Worldwide LLC operates as an employee-owned for-profit private company. According to Landmark's website, its employees own all the stock of the corporation, with no individual holding more than 3%. The company states that it operates in such a way as to invest its surpluses into making its programs, initiatives, and services more widely available. In addition, its subsidiary, the Vanto Group, focuses on marketing and delivering training and consultation services to corporate clients and other organizations.
Business consulting
Vanto Group, Inc., founded in 1993 as "Landmark Education Business Development" (LEBD), a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide Enterprises, Inc., uses the techniques of Landmark to provide consulting services to various companies. The University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business carried out a case study in 1998 into the work of LEBD with BHP New Zealand Steel. The report concluded that the set of interventions in the organization produced a 50% improvement in safety, a 15% to 20% reduction in key benchmark costs, a 50% increase in return on capital, and a 20% increase in raw steel production. LEBD became the Vanto Group in 2007.
Companies such as Panda Express and Lululemon Athletica pay for and encourage employees to take part in The Landmark Forum.
Licensing intellectual property
Tekniko, Inc., formerly owned by Werner Erhard, was the successor organization to Transformational Technologies, which was incorporated in 1984 by Erhard and management consultant James Selman. Tekniko Licencing Corporation, a California corporation owned by Terry M. Giles, later acquired this technology. In 2001 Landmark Education formed Tekniko Licensing Corporation, a Nevada corporation, which purchased Tekniko Technology from Giles' company.
Since that time, the Vanto Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide, has used Tekniko to license the "Tekniko methodology and intellectual property to a wide variety of corporations".
Course content
This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (September 2014) |
Course size varies between 75 and 250 people. Rules are set up at the beginning of the program, such as strongly encouraging participants not to miss any part of the program. Attendees are also urged to be “coachable” and not just be observers during the course. The program is arranged as a discussion where the course leader presents certain ideas and the course participants engage in voluntary sharing with the course leader to discuss how those ideas apply to their own life. Ideas presented, asserted and discussed include the following:
- There is a big difference between what actually happened in a person’s life and the meaning or interpretation they made up about it
- People pursue an imaginary someday of satisfaction
- Human behavior is governed by a need to look good
- People add meaning to events in their life which are not necessarily true
- People have persistent complaints that give rise to unproductive fixed ways of being
- People can “transform” by a creative act of bringing forth new ways of being, rather than trying to change themselves in comparison to the past
- Course participants are encouraged to call people they know during the course with whom they feel they have unresolved tensions and either be in communication with the other person or be responsible for their own behavior.
- The evening session that follows closely on the three consecutive days of the course completes the Landmark Forum. There the participants share information about the results they got and bring guests to learn about the Forum.
Curriculum for Living
Landmark Worldwide offers a series of programs called the Curriculum for Living, comprising the following courses:
- The Landmark Forum
- A complementary 10-session weekly seminar (most often The Landmark Forum in Action)
- The Landmark Advanced Course
- The Self Expression and Leadership Program
Community projects
Some other Landmark courses encourage or require participants to create a community project. In the Self-Expression and Leadership Program, participants are required to undertake a project that benefits the larger community or society as a whole.
In the Team, Management, and Leadership Program, participants create four team-based community projects.
Reviews and criticisms
The New York Times reporter Henry Alford summarized his review of The Landmark Forum by saying "Two months after the Forum, I'd rate my success at 84 percent. I'm more prone to telling loved ones and colleagues, in person and without glibness, that I love or admire them. But I still operate from a base position that people are a lot of effort." Time reporter Nathan Thornburgh, in his review of The Landmark Forum, said "At its heart, the course was a withering series of scripted reality checks meant to show us how we have created nearly everything we see as a problem …I benefited tremendously from the uncomfortable mirror the course had put in front of me."
The Irish Mail on Sunday says the effects of The Landmark Forum "...can be startling. People find themselves reconciled with parents, exes and friends. They have conversations they have wanted to have with their families for years; they meet people or get promoted in work."
Landmark makes extensive use of web-published and word-of-mouth testimonials from customers to portray its effectiveness, and supplements these with studies, surveys, and opinions.
Some observers question whether and to what degree Landmark courses benefit participants. Others criticize the use of volunteers by Landmark; others highlight the connections with other groups and with Werner Erhard. Some have criticized Landmark as overzealous in encouraging people to participate in its courses.
Journalists Amelia Hill with The Observer and Karin Badt from The Huffington Post have witnessed the Landmark Forum and concluded that, in their view, it is not a cult. Hill wrote, "It is ... simple common sense delivered in an environment of startling intensity." Badt noted the organisation's emphasis on "'spreading the word' of the Landmark forum as a sign of the participants' 'integrity'" in recounting her personal experience of an introductory "Landmark Forum" course. Part of this theme included repeated comparisons between program participants and Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. Badt also noted that, "At the end of the day, I found the Forum innocuous. No cult, no radical religion: an inspiring, entertaining introduction of good solid techniques of self-reflection, with an appropriate emphasis on action and transformation (not change)", pointing instead to problems lying with uncritical participants.
Mayfair’s Amber Allison describers Landmark’s instructors as “enthusiastic and inspiring.” Her review says that after doing The Landmark Forum, “Work worries, relationship dramas all seem more manageable”, and that she “let go of almost three decades of hurt, anger and feelings of betrayal” towards her father.
Legal disputes
Main article: Landmark Education litigationSince its formation in 1991, Landmark Worldwide LLC has initiated several lawsuits around the world, pressing defamation actions against authors and journalists who have intimated that it is a cult. Critics of Landmark have portrayed these actions as an assault on free speech or an attempt to suppress legitimate comment, whereas Landmark Education has insisted that it only seeks to have inaccurate statements corrected and to protect its products from unfair disparagement. In addition, other actions have been brought by individuals who have been required by their employers to attend seminars delivered by Landmark and Vanto. Landmark has also initiated actions against websites such as Google and the Internet Archive to remove material it deems defamatory and to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants in its courses.
References
- (January 7, 2002). "Landmark Education Celebrates 11 Years of Business and Growth". LandmarkEducation.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- ^ LandmarkWorldwide.com. Landmark Fact Sheet. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- The Landmark Seminar Leader Program. LandmarkWorldwide.com. Retrieved on July 16, 2013.
- (January 16, 1991). Articles of Incorporation, dike.de. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
Quote: "This letter serves as the consent by Landmark Education Corporation for the use of the name "Landmark Education International, Inc." by our wholly-owned subsidiary, currently known as Werner Erhard and Associates International, Inc." - Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, p. 254. (Out of print).
- LP/LLC information. California Secretary of State. Filed February 26, 2003. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- Corporation information. California Secretary of State. Filed June 22, 1987. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
- Faltermayer, Charlotte; Richard Woodbury (March 16, 1998). The Best of Est?. Time. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
- Dewan, Shaila (May 3, 2010). "Hired to Bring Order, Kings' Adviser Brings Peace". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
Terry M. Giles ... the self-improvement techniques of EST. (Werner Erhard, the creator of EST, is a client.)
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Landmark Education Corporation - Company Executives - Terry Giles - Chairman of the Board
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value (help) - "Some of Detroit's Major Miracle Makers". Time Magazine, Detroit Blog. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
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I questioned the odd apolitical bias of the program. Martin Luther King and Ghandi [sic] were not just victors of positive thinking: they had a radical political agenda to re-adjust political inequality. Their belief system was based in believing in something more than ourselves. Why were we being compared to Gandhi and King if we could stand up to our husbands and get a more successful career? concluded, per forma, with moving descriptions of Gandhi and King.
- Allinson, Amber (April 2014). "Mind Over Matter". The Mayfair Magazine (U.K.).
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- "File:2004 Landmark v Ross answer.pdf - Wikimedia Commons". Commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
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