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Strategic SAM system

S-200 Dubna NATO reporting name: SA-5 Gammon
S-200 missile (Vega) on its launcher
Type	Strategic SAM system
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1967-present
Used by	See list of present and former operator
Production history
Designer	Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence
Designed	early 1950s
Variants	S-200, S-200V (S-200VE), S-200D (S-200DE), S-200A

The NPO Almaz S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna (Russian Ангара\Вега\Дубна), NATO reporting name SA-5 Gammon, is a very long range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system designed in the 1960s to defend large areas from bomber attack or other strategic aircraft. Each battalion has 6 single-rail missile launchers for the 10.8 m (35 ft) long missiles and a fire control radar. It can be linked to other, longer-range radar systems.

Description

Anti-aircraft missile system S-200 designed for the defense of the most important administrative, industrial and military installations from the blows of all types of air attack. S-200 provides defeat of modern and advanced aircraft, including air command and control centers, AWACS aircraft, aircraft jamming creation and other manned and unmanned aerial vehicles. C-200 all-weather system and can be operated in various climatic conditions.

The first S-200 operational regiments were deployed in 1966 with 18 sites and 342 launchers in service by the end of the year. By 1966, the S-200 was officially accepted into service in order to replace the failed anti-ballistic missile RZ-25/5V11 "Dal". The Dal was assigned the NATO reporting name SA-5 "Griffon" before it was cancelled. By 1968 there were 40 sites, and by 1969 there were 60 sites. The growth in numbers then gradually increased throughout the 1970s and early 1980s until the peak of 130 sites and 1,950 launchers was reached in 1985.

Missiles

Surface-to-air missile

5V21
File:Sa-5.jpg5V21 missile elevated to a launch position on the S-200 missile system
Type	Surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1967-present
Used by	See list of operators
Production history
Designer	Petr Grushin design bureau
Variants	5V21, 5V28, 5V28V
Specifications (5V28V)
Mass	7,100 kg (15,700 lb)
Length	10.8 m (35 ft)
Warhead	Frag-HE
Warhead weight	217 kg (478 lb)
Detonation mechanism	proximity and command fuzing

Propellant	dual-thrust liquid-fueled rocket motor
Operational range	300 kilometres (190 mi)
Flight altitude	40,000 metres (130,000 ft)
Boost time	4 solid-fueled strap-on rocket boosters
Maximum speed	2,500 m/s (5,600 mph)
Guidance system	semi active radar terminal homing seeker head

Each missile is launched by 4 solid-fueled strap-on rocket boosters. After they burn out and drop away (between 3 to 5.1 seconds from launch) it fires a 5D67 liquid fueled sustainer rocket engine (for 51–150 seconds) which burns a fuel called TG-02 Samin (50% xylidine and 50% triethylamine), oxidized by an agent called AK-27P Melange (fuming nitric acid enriched with nitrogen oxides, phosphoric acid and hydrofluoric acid). Maximum range is between 150 km (81 nmi) and 300 km (160 nmi), depending on the model. The missile uses radio illumination mid-course correction to fly towards the target with a terminal semi-active radar homing phase. Maximum target speed is around Mach 4. Effective altitude is 300 m (980 ft) to 20,000 m (66,000 ft) for early models and up to 35,000 m (115,000 ft) for later models. The warhead is either 217 kg (478 lb) high explosive fragmentation (16,000 × 2 g fragmentation pellets and 21,000 × 3.5 g pellets) triggered by radar proximity fuse or command signal, or a 25 kt nuclear warhead triggered by command signal only. Each missile weighs around 7,108 kg (15,670 lb) at takeoff.

The system utilises radio semi active guidance with mid-course correction and has, for the first time in a Russian system, terminal active radar homing, which is far more accurate at long range than the command guidance method used by the S-75 Dvina and other missiles. The existence of an optional terminal passive radar homing mode for use against AEW aircraft remains unconfirmed. Peak missile speed is around Mach 8 and the single-shot kill probability is quoted as 0.85, presumably against a high altitude bomber-type target.

Main radar system

The fire control radar of the S-200 system is the 5N62 (NATO: Square Pair) CW H band radar, whose range is 270 km (170 mi). It is used for both the tracking of targets and their illumination.

Additional radar systems

P-14/5N84A "Tall King" A-band early warning radar (range 600 km (370 mi), 2-6 RPM, maximum search altitude 46 km (29 mi))
or "Big Back" E-band early warning radar (600 km (370 mi)
Kabina 66/5N87 "Back Net" or "Back Trap" E-band early warning radar (with special low-altitude search mod, range 370 km (230 mi), 3-6 RPM)
P-35/37 "Bar Lock\Bar Lock B" 1000 kW E\F-band target detection and tracking radar (with integrated IFF, range 392 km (244 mi), 7 RPM)
"Side Net" or "Odd Pair" E-band height finding radar (also used by the SA-2, 2K11 Krug and SA-6, range 240 km (150 mi), 3-6 RPM)
P-15M(2) "Squat Eye" 380 kW C-band target detection radar (range 128 kilometres (80 mi)

Versions

S-200A "Angara" (SA-5a), with the V-860/5V21 or V-860P/5V21A missile, introduced in 1967, range 160 km (99 mi), ceiling 20 km (12 mi)
S-200V "Vega" (SA-5b), with the V-860PV/5V21P missile, introduced in 1970, range 240 km (150 mi) minimum 7 km, ceiling 29 km (18 mi) superior limit 35, minimum height 0,05km. Five divisions. Division - one goal and missiles at targets a maximum of 2. Missile has a semi-active radar homing. The launch - reclining, with a constant angle of elevation, from the launcher, is rotated horizontally.
S-200 "Vega" (SA-5b), with the V-870 missile, range increased to 300 km (190 mi) and ceiling to 40 km (25 mi) with the new, shorter missile and solid fuel motor
S-200M "Vega-M" (SA-5b), with the V-880/5V28 or V-880N/5V28N² missile, range 300 km (190 mi), ceiling 29 km (18 mi)
S-200VE "Vega-E" (SA-5b), with the V-880E/5V28E missile, export version, high explosive warhead only, range 240 km (150 mi) Minimum target size of 0.3 sq. meters. Speed of the target -1200 m / s The number of simultaneously fired targets. Up to 5 (the number of radar targeting). Greater than previously opportunity fight against stealth.
S-200D "Dubna" (SA-5c), with the 5V25V, V-880M/5V28M or V-880MN/5V28MN² missile, introduced in 1976, high explosive or nuclear warhead, range 400 km (250 mi), ceiling 40 km (25 mi).

Command post S - 300 (SA-20/SA-20A/SA-20B) can manage in any combination the elements of S - 200 and S-300. Missiles complex S - 200 Dubna can be controlled command post system S - 300, command post S - 300 may also be controlled by the command post S - 400 (S - 200 Dubna still have in service) Or through a higher-level command post (Organize Use PVO 73N6 "Baikal-1").

Iran claims to have developed a mobile launcher for the system.

Operators

Current operators

Russia - 2 battalions S-200 Dubna (there is in the service)
Algeria - 10
Azerbaijan - 15
Bulgaria - 1 battalion.
India -
Iran - 10 battalions, there is in the service.
Kazakhstan -
North Korea - 4 battalions (2008). 40 systems in 2010 (number of constituent elements is unknown). C-125 (SA-3) 140 (2M-Pechora presumably), C-75 (SA-2) - 180.
Myanmar - 20 launchers from North Korea
Poland - 2 squadrons.
Romania - unknown number
Syria - 2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers / ≈50/ 48) in service as of 2010, S-200VE 48 launchers in 2012
Turkmenistan -
Uzbekistan -

Former operators

Belarus - Approximately 4 battalions.
Czechoslovakia - 5 battalions, passed on to successor states.
Czech Republic - Inherited all Czechoslovak S-200 SAM systems, out of service since mid 1990s.
East Germany - 4 battalions.
Germany - 4 battalions former GDR, phased out around 1991
Hungary - 1 battalion.*
Libya - 8 battalions.
Moldova - 1 Battalion
Georgia -
Russia - mostly phased out (S-200 Vega, S-200 Angara), weapons and equipment were disposed. One battery of S-200D remains on alert near Gvardeysk and one near Norilsk.
Ukraine - Last division was retired on October 30, 2013
Soviet Union - Originally deployed with the ZA-PVO in the strategic air defense role. It was phased out starting in the 1980s and passed on to the successor states before the phasing out process could be completed.

Status unknown

Mongolia - The Mongolian People's Army operated SA-5 systems in 1985, but it is not known if there are any operational as of 2011.

Incidents involving the S-200

Siberia Airlines Flight 1812: a Ukrainian S-200 accidentally locked on to Soviet-made Tupolev Tu-154 when the target drone the missile was aimed at was destroyed by another missile. The airliner was destroyed over the Black Sea on 4 October 2001, killing all 78 people on board.

References

^ "Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence S-200 Angara/Vega (SA-5 'Gammon') low to high-altitude surface-to-air missile system". Jane's Information Group. 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm
"S-200 SA-5 GAMMON". 1998-07-03. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
http://www.uni-ulm.de/~s_mlomni/S-200/komplex/rakete/marschtriebwerk.html
^ http://www.uni-ulm.de/~s_mlomni/S-200/komplex/rakete/rakete.html
http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm
http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm
^ http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vvs/zrs_s-200ve.html
^ http://www.soldiering.ru/army/airdefence/russia/c-200.php
http://www.s300.ru/produce/adms/s300pmu2/83m6e2.aspx
^ http://www.kap-yar.ru/index.php?pg=252
http://old.raspletin.ru/press-centre/news/2008/080603/
http://pvo.guns.ru/asu/baikal.htm
"Iran upgrades S-200 long-range air defence system."
The Military Balance 2010. — P. 123.
The Military Balance 2010. — P. 253.
http://dokwar.ru/publ/novosti_i_sobytija/mnenie/analiz_sostojanija_pvo_i_vvs_irana/9-1-0-14
http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/s200.htm
http://lenta.ru/news/2012/03/07/nkorea/
http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2012/03/07/77/0301000000AEN20120307002900315F.HTML
"Romanian Armed Forces". European Defense Information. Armed Forces.co.uk. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/geopolitics/2012/1008/17389386/detail.shtml
http://warsonline.info/siriya/pvo-sirii-protiv-aviatsii-nato-vozmozhnie-stsenarii.html
The Military Balance 2010. — P. 273.
http://www.iiss.org/en/publications/military-s-balance
The International Institute For Strategic Studies IISS The Military Balance 2012. — Nuffield Press, 2012. — С. 349 с.
http://pvo.guns.ru/s200/i_dubna.htm
Ukrainian military portal Template:Ref-uk
World Missile Directory, FLIGHT international, 1985
"After 9 Days, Ukraine Says Its Missile Hit A Russian Jet".

External links

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

Air-to-air
(full list)

Air-
to-surface
(full list)

Anti-tank
guided
(full list)

Surface-
to-air
(full list)

Ground- based	SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator/Giant SA-24 Grinch SA-27 Gullum SA-29 Gizmo Morfey S-350 Sosna-R/RA
Naval- based	SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-NX-2C M-3 SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle SA-N-21 Greyhound 9K 96 Redut Palash/Palma
Anti- ballistic	ABM-1 Galosh ABM-3/53T6 Gazelle S-500 A-235

Surface-
to-surface
(full list)

Ground- based	SS-1 Scunner/SS-1 Scud (Scud-A/-B/-C/-D) SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-8B Sasin 2 SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-X-13 Savage SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B SS-28 Saber 2 SS-29 Sickle C SS-X-30 Satan 2 SS-X-31 Sickle D SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B Avangard / HGV Yu-7# SS-X-33 Stone AN
Naval- based	14KhK1 15Kh 17Kh KS-1 Komet P-20 Sokol P-40 P-47 SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3c Shaddock SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb D-6 D-6M D-7 R-15M SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-NX-13 Serb SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-N-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skif R29RM SS-N-23A Skif SS-N-23B Skif SS-NX-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 Strobile SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-30A 3M-14 SS-NX-28 SS-N-29 SS-N-32 SS-NX-33 SS-NX-34 Skif SS-N-35 SS-N-36 SS-NX-37 SS-NX-38 Canyon
Ship- to-ship	10KhN SSC-1B Sepal Redut SSC-2 Salish/Samlet AS/KS-1 P-20 Sokol SSC-K P-1 Schuka KSShch SSC-3 Styx Rubezh SSC-4 Slingshot SSC-X-5 Scorpion SSC-6 Sennight SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728 SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729 SSC-14 Klub N/M 3M14/54 SSC-13 BrahMos SSC-10/SSC-5 Stooge Bastion P/S SSC-7/12 3M-80MV SSC-X-11 "GZUR" SSC-X-15 Skif SSC-X-9 Stone AN Hermes M ATS Hermes K ATS

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