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War against the Islamic State
Part of the Global War on Terrorism, Iraqi Civil War, and Syrian Civil War
Top: Two U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle aircraft flying over northern Iraq. Left: F-22 Raptor refueling before a strike in Syria. Right: Peshmerga special forces gathered near Syria. Bottom: An American F/A-18C Hornet aboard the USS George H.W. Bush prior to the launch of operations over Iraq.
Date 16 June 2014 – present (10 years, 6 months, 1 week and 1 day) Location Iraq Nineveh Province Saladin Province Kirkuk Governorate Iraqi Kurdistan Anbar Governorate Syria Ar-Raqqah Governorate (hostage rescue attempt 4 July 2014) Eastern Syria (surveillance flights 26 August 2014 – present) Syria (US and coalition airstrikes 23 September 2014–present) Result Ongoing U.S. and French airstrikes on Islamic State positions in Iraq British Royal Air Force sorties in Northern Iraq U.S. and Arab airstrikes on Islamic State and Jabhat al-Nusra positions in Syria Multinational humanitarian effort 2 American journalists, 2 British humanitarian worker and 1 French tourist executed; expansion of intervention
Belligerents
Assyrian Forces Syriac Military Council Assyrian Patriotic Party Assyrian Democratic Movement Hezbollah Iran Qods Force  Syria Syrian Armed Forces National Defence Force Jaysh al-Sha'bi Popular Front for the Liberation of the Liwa of Iskandarun Iraq Shiite militias Kurdish Forces  Iraqi Kurdistan Peshmerga Syrian Kurdistan People's Protection Units Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan Kurdistan Workers' Party Coalition Forces Intervening in Syria & Iraq:  United States Only intervening in Iraq:  Australia  Belgium  Canada  Denmark  France  Netherlands  United Kingdom Only intervening in Syria:  Bahrain  Jordan  Qatar  Saudi Arabia  UAE Humanitarian support With military aid:  Spain  Germany  Greece  Italy Unnamed Middle Eastern countries Unnamed Eastern European countries  Netherlands  Czech Republic  Albania  Bulgaria  Croatia Without military aid: European Commission  Slovakia  Sweden  Norway  Poland	Islamic State Iraqi Ba'ath Party loyalists Naqshbandi Army General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation al-Qaeda Ansar al-Islam al-Nusra Front (alleged limited involvement) Khorasan Sunni Islamist militias File:IAILogo.png Islamic Army in Iraq Mujahideen Army 1920 Revolution Brigade Hamas of Iraq
Commanders and leaders
Barack Obama Lloyd Austin Andrew J. Loiselle Tony Abbott David Johnston Craig Orme François Hollande Jean-Yves Le Drian Pierre de Villiers Mark Rutte Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert David Cameron Nick Clegg Bashar al-Assad Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ali Khamenei Hossein Hamadani Qassem Suleimani Hassan Nasrallah Masoud Barzani Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa Mustafa Said Qadir Fuad Masum Nouri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi	Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Abu Mohammad al-Adnani Abu Hajar al-Souri † (Top Aide) Ali Mohammed al-Shayer †(Senior ISIL Leader) Adnan Khudhair †(Senior ISIL Leader) Okasha al-Baghdadi †(Senior ISIL Leader) Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri File:IAILogo.png Ismail Jubouri Ali Hatem al-Suleiman
Strength
United States: 1,800 troops 7,000 contractors USS George H.W. Bush carrier strike group F-15 Eagle, F-16 Falcon, F/A-18 Hornet, F/A-18 Super Hornet and F-22 Raptor fighter jets B-1 Lancer bomber aircraft EA-6B Prowler & EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft Australia: 400 RAAF personnel 200 special forces troops 8 F/A-18 Super Hornet 1 Boeing 737 AEW&C surveillance aircraft 1 KC-30A refueling plane C-130J Hercules & C-17A Globemaster transport aircraft Netherlands: 6 F-16 Falcon fighters 250 supporting troops 130 trainers for the Iraqi Army Denmark: 7 F-16 Falcon fighters 250 supporting troops Belgium: 6 F-16 Falcon fighters 120 supporting troops Canada: 100 troops Cargo flights Germany: 40 troops United Kingdom: 1 Boeing RC-135 Reconnaissance aircraft 8 Tornado GR4 ground attack aircraft 1 Type 45 destroyer 1 Trafalgar-class submarine (SSN) Special forces including the Special Air Service (SAS) and additional cargo aircraft & air to air tanker aircraft on standby in the area. Spain: Spain planned to station a Patriot missile battery and 130 troopers in Turkey in case of any cross-border attacks against its NATO ally, but only after January 2015. Islamic Republic of Iran: 500 troops 7 Su-25 fighters	Islamic State: 20,000 troops Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order: 5,000+ Islamic Army in Iraq: 10,400 (2007) Free Iraqi Army: 2,500
Casualties and losses
United States 1 American soldier dead (non-combat) 1 American soldier wounded 1 American civilian captured 2 American civilians (James Foley and Steven Sotloff) executed 1 American F-15 damaged. 1 UAV crashed  France 1 French civilian executed  United Kingdom 2 British aid workers executed 1 British civilian captured  Jordan 1 Jordaninan soilder wounded (not confirmed)	Unknown number of fighters killed 162 vehicles 21 weapons systems (as of mid-September) 1 weapons depot destroyed

The 2014 military intervention against ISIL encompasses foreign interventions in the Syrian Civil War and Iraq Civil War by various foreign nations against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIL, ISIS, Dāʻish or the self declared "Islamic State").

Rapid territorial gains from ISIL military operations in Iraq and Syria in the first half of 2014 combined with internationally condemned brutality, reported human rights abuses, and fear of further spillovers of the Syrian Civil War caused many countries to consider interventions. However, with different agendas and political considerations in a complex situation, countries have approached intervening in the two civil war conflicts in different ways and to different degrees.

American-led intervention in Iraq

Starting in August 2014, the United States assembled a coalition of partner countries to combat ISIL. Various countries contributed aircraft, military aid to local ground forces, military advisors to train local forces in country, and bases for operations and training of local ground forces. In addition to military efforts, many countries mounted a considerable humanitarian effort to assist ethnic minorities in northern Iraq who are under the threat of genocide or had fled from ISIL in Iraqi Kurdistan and other areas.

Humanitarian efforts

The US, the UK and Australia, supported by international partners, launched a large humanitarian effort to support refugees stranded in northern Iraq. This included air dropping tens of thousands of meals and thousands of gallons of drinking water to Yazidi refugees stranded in the Sinjar mountains by advancing ISIL forces from August 7 through 14 in what was later described as "the first mass air delivery of humanitarian cargo since the outbreak of violence in East Timor in 1999."

American airstrikes

In the summer of 2014 U.S. forces started undertaking reconnaissance missions over northern Iraq. On August 7, President Obama gave a live address describing the worsening conditions in Iraq and that the the plight of the Yazidis particular had convinced him that U.S. military action was necessary to protect American lives, protect minority groups in Iraq, and to stop a possible ISIL advance on Erbil, the capital of the Kurdish Autonomous Region. On 8 August the United States started to bomb ISIL targets in Iraq.. By August 10, assisted by these air attacks, Kurdish forces claimed to have recaptured the towns of Mahmour and Gweyr from Islamic State control. Additional Iraqi airstrikes conducted in Sinjar claim to have killed 45 ISIS militants and injured an additional 60 militants. The Pentagon characterized airstrikes as stopgap military actions that would not be able to significantly disrupt Islamic State activities. On 14 August, U.S air-strikes and Kurdish ground forces had broken the ISIL siege of Mount Sinjar, allowing thousands of Yazidi refugees to escape.

The U.S. announced a shift in focus to arming the Kurds and reversing ISIL gains. On 16 August, U.S. air power began a close air campaign aimed at supporting the advance of Kurdish fighters moving toward the Mosul Dam. Kurdish sources commented is was the largest American air effort yet seen in the war. On 8 September, the Iraqi army with close air support from U.S. retoke the key Haditha dam and recapture the town of Barwana killing 15 ISIL fighters. ISIL responded with the public execution of David Haines.

By the end of September 2014, the United States had conducted 240 airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, as well as 1,300 tanker refueling missions, totaling 3,800 sorties by all types of aircraft. A tactical arrangement with Kurdish and Iraqi forces and drone video is being used to coordinate close air support without needing U.S. troops in ground combat.

American ground forces

In July, Obama announced that owing to the continuing violence in Iraq and the growing influence of non-state actors such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the United States would be elevating its security commitment in the region. Approximately 800 U.S. troops secured American installations like the Embassy in Baghdad and the Consulate in Erbil as well as taking control of strategic locations like the Baghdad airport in cooperation with Iraqi troops.

U.S. forces also undertook a mission to "assess and to advise as they confront and the complex security situation on the ground.” Reports from these American units about the capabilities of the Iraqi military have been consistently grim, viewing them as "compromised" by sectarian interests.

On 13 August, the U.S. deployed another 130 military advisers to Northern Iraq and up to 20 U.S. Marines and special forces servicemen landed on Mount Sinjar from V-22 aircraft to coordinate the evacuation of Yazidi refugees joining British SAS already in the area.

On 3 September announced increase of U.S. forces in Iraq to 1,213. On 10 September, Obama gave a speech reiterating that American troops will not fight in combat but about 500 more troops will be sent to Iraq to help train Iraqi forces.

British airstrikes

On September 26, the House of Commons approved by 524-43 British airstrikes in Iraq. Hours later, six Tornado GR4 strike aircraft of No. 2 Squadron RAF stationed at RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus were prepared for their first armed sorties over Iraq. The operation was given the code name "Operation Shader" by the Royal Air Force. Although the UK Parliament has only backed airstrikes in Iraq, Prime Minister David Cameron has insisted that there is also a "strong case" for airstrikes in Syria and British operations may extend to the country if a "humanitarian catastrophe" unfolds. He went on to state that any extension of airstrikes from Iraq into Syria would not require another House of Commons vote.

On September 27, the UK Ministry of Defence announced that the first two Tornado GR4 strike aircraft had begun flying armed sorties over Iraq.

French airstrikes

On September 19, the French air force used its Rafale jets to conduct airstrikes on ISIS targets in Mosul. The airstrikes were approved by French President François Hollande, which indicated that France was committed to fighting ISIS using air power alongside America. Hollande mentioned that no ground troops would be used in the conflict.

Military aid

On 5 August 2014, Zalmay Khalilzad, the former U.S. ambassador to Iraq and the U.N., wrote in the Washington Post that the United States is involved in "the direct supply of munitions to the Kurds and, with Baghdad's agreement, the shipment of some Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program weapons to the Kurds." The United States moved from indirectly supplying Kurdistan with small arms through the CIA to directly giving them weapons such as man-portable anti-tank systems.

In a coordinated effort lead by the United States, many allied countries including NATO members and Middle Eastern partners have supplied or plan to supply Iraqi and/or Kurdish forces with heavy military equipment, small arms, ammunition, non-lethal military gear, and training support.

Other military intervention in Iraq

Iranian airstrikes and ground operations

In June 2014, Iran committed approximately 500 soldiers of the elite Qods Force to Iraq to help shore-up that nation's government in the face of ISIL advances. Qods Force personnel were deployed to Samarra, Baghdad, Karbala, and the abandoned U.S. military post formerly known as Camp Speicher. On July 25, Qods Force soldier Shojaat Alamdari was killed in Samarra while operating as a forward air controller in action against ISIL. Reports have indicated that former Qods Force commander Qassem Suleimani is acting as the Iraqi government's "chief tactician" during the anti-ISIS operations. Seven Su-27 aircraft and and some drones were sent by Iran, where they operated against ISIL with bi-national Iranian/Iraqi crews.

Hezbollah ground operations

In July, Hezbollah sent an undisclosed number of technical advisers and intelligence analysts to Baghdad in support of the Iranian deployment in Iraq. Later the same month, Hezbollah commander Ibrahim al-Hajj was reported killed in action near Mosul. At least one Hezbollah official has indicated the party will continue to operate independently, or in concert with Iraqi and Iranian forces, against ISIL and will not cooperate with the U.S.-led coalition concurrently operating against ISIL. Mohammad Raad dismissed the NATO-centered coalition as neither serious nor sufficient to counter ISIL and noted that Hezbollah had initiated military operations against ISIL prior to United States involvement.

Russian involvement

In July, Russia began supplying Mi-35 helicopters and Su-25 aircraft to Iraq in fulfillment of previously signed contracts. A spokesman indicated Russia would accelerate other previously agreed-upon deliveries in consideration of ISIL advances.

On 7 August, global media quoted Kurdish and Iraqi government sources as saying that the United States had begun carrying out airstrikes against ISIL positions in northern Iraq, showing evidence of the strikes and their aftermath. However, the U.S. government immediately denied involvement. Anonymous sources told The Daily Beast that the aircraft were being flown by Russians.

In September, Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov informed Iraqi prime minister Haider al-Abadi that Moscow was "ready to continue supporting Iraq in its efforts in fighting the terrorist threat, and, first of all, the one from the Islamic State.”

American-led military intervention in Syria

Hostage Rescue Attempt

On 4 July, the U.S. bombed the "Osama bin Laden" ISIS military base in the village of Uqayrishah, Syria. Two dozen American Delta Force commandos then touched down in an effort to rescue hostages including James Foley. In a series of videos Foley, Steven Joel Sotloff, and several more hostages were murdered.

Aerial surveillance

On 26 August, the U.S. began sending surveillance flights, including drones, into Syria to gather intelligence. The Syrian Arab Republic was not asked for permission.

Arming rebels

On September 17, the House of Representatives voted on authorize spending to train and arm moderate Syrian rebels.

Multi-national airstrikes

On 23 September, the U.S. Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates began airstrikes against ISIL targets in Syria with fighters, bombers, and sea-based Tomahawk cruise missiles. which continue. Additionally, on the first night US forces launched eight strikes against al Qaeda affiliated Khorasan.

Islamic State forces

Equipment

Conflict Armament Research, a private arms-tracking organization, has concluded that Islamic State military forces are using ammunition of United States and Chinese manufacture. According to CAR, these are most likely munitions transferred by the U.S. and Chinese governments to regional actors for use against ISIS troops which are being captured by the Islamic State as local forces disintegrate. A U.S. Department of Defense Inspector-General report concluded that the U.S. had lost track of nearly 250,000 small arms that were provided to the security forces of Afghanistan; some of this quantity may have made its way into ISIS hands. In addition to small arms and ammunition, ISIS heavy equipment is frequently or often of American manufacture. Over a six-week period in late summer and early fall, the U.S. Air Force destroyed at least three dozen U.S.-made Humvees being operated by ISIS, which were originally donated by the U.S. to the Iraqi army.

Forces

Early estimates put ISIS forces at about 10,000, however, in September, the Central Intelligence Agency increased its estimate to a high of 31,500 ground troops.

See also

• 2014 American intervention in Syria
• Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)
• Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)
• Assyrian exodus from Iraq
• Christians in Iraq
• Yazidi genocide
• Spillover of the Syrian Civil War

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• 2014 in Iraq
• Battles involving Iraq
• Battles involving Iraqi Kurdistan
• Conflicts in 2014
• Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration
• Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
• Military operations involving the United States
• Syrian Civil War spillover in Iraq
• Obama administration controversies
• 2014 Iraq conflict
• War on Terror
• Responsibility to protect