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Satyananda Saraswati (25 December 1923 – 5 December 2009), was a sannyasin, yoga teacher and guru in both his native India and the West. He was a student of Sivananda Saraswati, the founder of the Divine Life Society, and founded his own International Yoga Fellowship in 1956 and the Bihar School of Yoga in 1964. He wrote over 80 books, including Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha.

Biography

Early life

Swami Satyananda Saraswati was born 1923 at Almora (Uttaranchal) in the foothills of the Himalayas, into a family of farmers and zamindars.

As a youth he was classically educated and studied Sanskrit, the Vedas and the Upanishads. He began to have spiritual experiences at the age of six, when his awareness spontaneously left the body and he saw himself lying motionless on the floor. Many saints and sadhus blessed him and reassured his parents that he had a very developed awareness. This experience of disembodied awareness continued, which led him to many saints of that time such as Anandamayi Ma. He also met a tantric bhairavi, Sukhman Giri, who gave him shaktipat and directed him to find a guru to stabilise his spiritual experiences. However, in one of his early publications, Yoga from Shore to Shore, he says he would become unconscious during meditation and that "One day I met a mahatma, a great saint, who was passing by my birthplace...So he told me I should find a guru."

At age eighteen, he left his home to seek a spiritual master. In 1943 at the age of twenty, Swami Satyananda met his guru Swami Sivananda Saraswati and came to live at Sivananda Ashram in Rishikesh. Swami Sivananda gave him the name Swami Satyananda Saraswati and initiated him as a sannyasin of the Dashnama sannyasa order, on the banks of the river Ganges on 12 September 1947. Swami Sivananda described him as a 'versatile genius' who 'did the work of four people'. Swami Satyananda served in different departments at the ashram for over 12 years. He did physical labour, edited the ashram's Hindi journal, wrote various articles and composed poems in both Hindi and Sanskrit. He wrote a translation and commentary in the English language of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad by Swami Sivananda.

International Yoga Fellowship

In 1956 after receiving the instruction from his Guru to spread yoga from door to door and shore to shore, Swami Satyananda wandered throughout India as a mendicant parivrajaka travelling through Afghanistan, Nepal, Burma and Ceylon for the next 7 years (although on several occasions he only said he travelled through India ), extending his knowledge of spiritual practices. He eventually found his way to Munger, in the province of Bihar. After establishing himself there, he founded the Bihar School of Yoga in 1964.

He lectured and taught globally for the next twenty years, including tours in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, North America, and Colombia and authored over thirty textbooks on yoga and spiritual life. The IYF spread via Indians who migrated to the west, establishing new centers, and via western followers.

Seclusion

In 1988 Swami Satyananda handed the active work of his ashram and organisation over to his spiritual successor Swami Niranjanananda Saraswati and departed from Munger, never to return again.

On 23 September 1989 he arrived at Rikhia, Deoghar, Jharkhand to live as a Paramahamsa Sannyasin, and perform Vedic sadhanas including panchagni, an austerity performed before five blazing fires outdoors during the hottest months of the year as described in the Satpatha Brahmanas and Kathopanishad. At Rikhia, Swami Satyananda conducted a 12-year Rajasooya Yajna which began in 1995 with the first Sat Chandi Maha Yajna, invoking the Cosmic Mother through a tantric ceremony. During this event, Swami Satyananda passed on his spiritual and sannyasa sankalpa to Swami Niranjanananda. On 5 December 2009, he entered mahasamadhi at Rikhiapeeth, Jharkhand.

Controversy around alleged child sexual and physical abuse

During open hearings as part of the Royal Commission on Institutional Response of Child Sexual Abuse, three witnesses reported that Satyananda had sexually abused them with two of them being minors during the alleged situations. . A full record of the testimonies that were brought forward by the commission for the public hearings can be found on the Royal Commission's Website.. The Royal Commission will continue the hearings around this case in March 2015.

Teachings

Swami Satyananda's teachings emphasise an "Integral Yoga" with a strong emphasis on Tantra, known as the "Bihar Yoga" system or "Satyananda Yoga". This system addresses the qualities of head, heart and hands – intellect, emotion and action - and attempts to integrate the physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions of yoga into each practice. His system of tantric yoga involves the practice of:

• Kundalini Yoga, in the tradition following Sivananda's explanation. Kundalini Yoga is the yoga of the evolutionary energy of the universe.
• Kriya Yoga, in the form of Tapas, Svadhyaya and Ishvarapranidhana. Tapas is the practice of austerities. Svadhyaya is study of spiritual literature and also repetition of a personal mantra. Ishvarapranidhana is self-surrender to the Lord and doing all actions as an offering unto the Lord.
• Mantra Yoga, the repetition of sacred sounds.
• Laya yoga, the practice of a state of absorption on an object of meditation.
• The four advanced stages of the Eight Limbs of Yoga as codified by Patanjali: Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi.

Swami Satyananda classified and expounded the techniques given in the tantras as a series of different stages and levels of pratyahara, such as antar mouna, and different stages of meditation. He invented the technique of yoga nidra, now known worldwide as Satyananda Yoga Nidra, according to the tantric system of ,and defined and codified the different stages of the technique.

Publications

Swami Satyananda wrote over 80 books, including Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. Since its first publication by the Bihar School of Yoga in 1969 it has been reprinted seventeen times and translated into many languages. In 1971 Tantra Yoga Panorama was published in which the concepts of tantra were outlined as applicable to the needs of today's society.

List of publications

• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 August 2003). Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. Yoga Publications Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-86336-14-4.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 December 2002). Dynamics of Yoga: The Foundations of Bihar Yoga. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-14-5.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami); Bihar School of Yoga (1988). Early teachings of Swami Satyananda Saraswati: lectures and satsangs given by Swamiji during the first International 9-month Yoga Teachers' Training Course conducted at Bihar School of Yoga in 1967. Bihar School of Yoga.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati; Bihar School of Yoga (1969). Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha. Yoga Publication Trust.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1976). Four chapters on freedom: commentary on Yoga sutras of Patanjali. Yoga Publications Trust.
• Satyananda Saraswati (1968). Japa yoga: a compilation of lectures delivered by : Paramhans Satyananda Saraswati to the students of International Yoga Teachers' Training Course from July 1, 1967 to March 31, 1968 at the Bihar School of Yoga, Monghyr, (Bihar), India. International Yoga Fellowship Movement.
• Satyasangananda Saraswati (Swami); Satyananda Saraswati (1984). Karma sannyasa: (the noble path for householders). Bihar School of Yoga.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati; Satyananda Saraswati Swami (1 October 2002). Kundalini Tantra. Yoga Pubns Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-15-2.
• Satyananda Saraswati (1975). Meditations from the Tantras, with live class transcriptions. Bihar School of Yoga.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (19??). Moola bandha, the master key. Bihar School of Yoga. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Swami Satyananda Sar Staff; Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 October 2006). Nine Principal Upanishads. Motilal (UK) Books of India. ISBN 978-81-85787-34-3.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 February 2009). Rikhiapeeth Satsangs. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-86336-66-3.
• Satyananda Saraswati (1977). Sannyasa tantra. Bihar School of Yoga. Out of print.
• S. Satyananda; Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1 December 2006). Steps to yoga and Yoga initiation papers. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-13-8.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati; Satyananda Saraswati Swami (December 2002). Sure ways to self-realization. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-41-1.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (December 2002). Surya Namaskara: A Technique of Solar Vitalization. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-35-0.
• Swami Muktibodhananda Saraswati; Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1984). Swara yoga: the tantric science of brain breathing. Yoga Publications Trust.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (January 2004). A Systematic Course in the Ancient Tantric Techniques of Yoga and Kriya. Yoga Publications Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-85787-08-4.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1973). Taming the kundalini. Yoga Publications Trust.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1974*). Tantra-yoga panorama. International Yoga Fellowship Movement. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 December 2000). Tattwa Shuddhi: The Tantric Practice of Inner Purification. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-37-4.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1982). Teachings of Swami Satyananda Saraswati Vol.1–9: The short talks contained in this book were delivered by Swami Satyananda during 1979/81 at various yoga conventions and seminars held in Europe, Scandinavia, South America and Australia and during Kriya Yoga and teacher training courses at Bihar School of Yoga, Munger / [comp. and ed. by Gaurishankar Saraswati]. Bihar School of Yoga.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami); Satyananda Ashram (Australia) (1982). Teachings of Swami Satyananda Vol.3. Satyananda Ashram.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1986). Teachings of Swami Satyananda Saraswati Vol.4. Yoga Publications Trust.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (30 December 2008). Yoga and Cardiovascular Management. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-26-8.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (December 1999). Yoga Education for Children. Yoga Publications Trust, India. ISBN 978-81-85787-33-6.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1980). Yoga from shore to shore: a collection of lectures given by Swami Satyananda Saraswati in many different countries during his world tour of 1968. Bihar School of Yoga.
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1 August 2003). Yoga Nidra. Yoga Publications Trust. ISBN 978-81-85787-12-1.
• Satyananda Saraswati (Swami); Bihar School of Yoga (1994). Yoga sagar: commemorative volume : compiled from the complete proceedings of the Paramahamsa Satyananda Tyag Golden Jubilee World Yoga Convention, 1993. Bihar School of Yoga. ISBN 978-81-85787-91-6.
• Swami Shankardevananda Saraswati; Satyananda Saraswati (Swami) (1984). Yogic management of asthma and diabetes.

Gallery

Satyananda Ashram in Rocklyn Victoria in Australia

• Jyoti Mandir Meeting place at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Shiv Mandir or Shiva Peeth – at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Shiv Mandir or Shiva Peeth mud hut – at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• A view from the Jyoti Mandir at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Lotus pot and flowers at Yagyashala – Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Shiva lingam – Shiv Mandir or Shiva Peeth mud hut – at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Havan kund at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Havan at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Devanagari letters painted at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• A view of the camping ground at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• A view from the reservoire at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Jyoti Mandir Meeting place by the water at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Camping place at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Yagya Shala and Shiva Mandir at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Dorm at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Dorm view at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Dorm inside view at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• Dorm rooms entrances inside view at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• View from dorm room at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• A walk way at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.
• View from camping grounds at Satyanand Yoga Rocklyn Ashram, Australia.

See also

• Yoga-nidra

References

1. ^ Melton & Baumann 2010, p. 1483.
2. Swami Satyananda Saraswati 2004. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSwami_Satyananda_Saraswati2004 (help)
3. Satyananda Saraswati 1974, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSatyananda_Saraswati1974 (help)
4. Satyananda Saraswati & Yoga From Shore to Shore 1974, p. 72. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSatyananda_SaraswatiYoga_From_Shore_to_Shore1974 (help)
5. Paramhamsa Swami Satyananda, the Sadhana of a Sage
6. Panchagni – the Bath of Fire, Swami Satyasangananda Saraswati
7. Past, Present and Future: consolidated history of Bihar School of Yoga, Editors Swami Yogakanti, Swami Yogawandana, 2009, Yoga Publications Trust
8. Rikhiapeeth
9. http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/case-study/bc75afe3-4a12-41be-983d-f9db256f6260/case-study-21,-december-2014,-sydney
10. http://www.childabuseroyalcommission.gov.au/case-study/bc75afe3-4a12-41be-983d-f9db256f6260/case-study-21,-december-2014,-sydney
11. "The Growth of Satyananda Yoga or Bihar Yoga". Retrieved 9 December 2009.
12. Meditations From the Tantras, Satyananda Saraswati,Yoga Publications Trust http://biharyoga.net/publications/meditations-from-the-tantras
13. Yoga Nidra, Swami Satyananda Saraswati,Yoga Publications Trust http://biharyoga.net/publications/yoga-nidra
14. Tantra-yoga panorama, Swami Satyananda Saraswati,International Yoga Fellowship Movement

Sources

• Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010), Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices : A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1969), Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha, Yoga Publication Trust
• Swami Satyananda Saraswati (2004), A Systematic Course in the Ancient Tantric Techniques of Yoga and Kriya, Yoga Publication Trust

External links

• Bihar School of Yoga
• Rikhiapeeth
• Satyananda Yoga Teachers New Delhi India

Template:Persondata

• Use dmy dates from September 2013
• 1923 births
• 2009 deaths
• People from Dehradun
• Spiritual teachers
• Yogis