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| {{Infobox monarch | {{Infobox monarch | ||
| |name=Abdul-Allah '''Qutb Shah''' Awn Ibn Yaala | |name=Abdul-Allah '''Qutb Shah''' Awn Ibn Yaala | ||
| |title=General | |title=Great Sufi/General | ||
| |image= | |image= | ||
| |caption= | |caption= | ||
| |reign= |
|reign= | ||
| |coronation= | |coronation= | ||
| |othertitles= | |othertitles= | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
| |father=Yaala Ibn Hamza Sani Ibn Qasim Sani Ibn Tayyar Ibn Qasim Awwal Ibn Ali Ibn Jaafar Ibn Hamza Awwal Ibn Hasan Ibn Abaidullah Ibn Ghazi Abbas(A.S) Ibn Ali(A.S)Ibn Abi Talib | |father=Yaala Ibn Hamza Sani Ibn Qasim Sani Ibn Tayyar Ibn Qasim Awwal Ibn Ali Ibn Jaafar Ibn Hamza Awwal Ibn Hasan Ibn Abaidullah Ibn Ghazi Abbas(A.S) Ibn Ali(A.S)Ibn Abi Talib | ||
| |mother= | |mother= | ||
| |birth_date= |
|birth_date= 1028 | ||
| |birth_place=] | |birth_place=]] | ||
| |death_date= | |death_date= | ||
| |death_place=] | |death_place=] | ||
| |place of burial= |
|place of burial= | ||
| |religion=] | |religion=] | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| ''Qutb Shah'' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|قطب شاه}}}})Qutb Shah Awn ibn Ya‘lā, was a great sufi, well known by the name of Qutb Shah came to the South Asia in the fifth century A.H. (about the eleventh century according to western era) by order of Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani. Moreover, he was an uncle of Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani and one of his spiritual successors. Born in 1028 in Baghdad. Qutb Shah |
''Qutb Shah'' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|قطب شاه}}}})Qutb Shah Awn ibn Ya‘lā, was a great sufi, well known by the name of Qutb Shah came to the South Asia in the fifth century A.H. (about the eleventh century according to western era) by order of ]. Moreover, he was an uncle of ] and one of his spiritual successors. Born in 1028 in Baghdad. ''Qutb Shah'' was an appointed Qutb (spiritual pole) by ] for the South Asia. Due to his great efforts many of the Hindu tribes converted to the Islam. After the incident of Karbala, the household of Muhammad had to migrate to other lands. Many of his descendants who lived in Egypt and nearby lands departed for Turkistan and Iran due to persecution at the hands of Hujjaj bin Yusuf. As time went by, they resettled in places such as Bukhara and Hamadan in Turkistan, and Baghdad in Iraq. Some migrated to Khurasan and others to Herat in the mountainous regions of present day Afghanistan. The descendants of ''Qutb Shah'' Awn ibn Ya‘lā settled in South Asia..He is considered the Paternal ancestor of Sultan ] of Qutbshahi Dynasty. | ||
| Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from ] and ]{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}. Qutb Shah's sons are said to have settled in different regions of the ], and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of the Khyber ]; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar, Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh, Chauhan colonized the hills close to the Jehlum, |
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from ] and ]{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}. Qutb Shah's sons are said to have settled in different regions of the ], and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of the Khyber ]; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar, Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh, Chauhan colonized the hills close to the Jehlum, Zaman Ali or ], settled by the ]etc. All these regions are referred to as "Wanhar" today. | ||
| The ] of Pakistan are found to be the descendants of Qutb Shah{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}. Muslim ]s also claim lineage from him. | The ] of Pakistan are found to be the descendants of Qutb Shah{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}. Muslim ]s also claim lineage from him. | ||
| Line 68: | Line 68: | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
| According to David Gilmartin "Rural Punjab had been converted to Islam by the proselytising activities of Sufis, and these Sufi 'saints' were the focus of Punjab's local and fragmented structure of devotional activities. | |||
| Gilmartin, D. (1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". Modern Asian Studies 13 (3): 485–517. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00007228. edit | |||
| a spiritual hospice. Khanqah is a Persian word meaning a house or abode of sufis and dervishes. Khanqah is an important institution for Muslim society. Khanqah is the spiritual centre providing a facility for islah al-nafs (self correction). Following the traditions of the ahl al-haqq (people of truth), khanqah follows the traditions of suluk, tazkiya, and tasawwuf while staying clear of all kinds of bid‘as (innovations in religion) and complies strictly with the rules and boundaries prescribed by the shari‘a. Imam al- Dhahabi in his Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala' relates that Hasan al-Basri would have a session in the mosque where he would teach hadith, fiqh, sciences of the Qur'an, language and other disciplines and if he was asked about tasawwuf, he would answer. He would also have a special session in his house where he would only teach the meanings of zuhd (asceticism) and the sciences of the batin (inner-self). There were those among the people who would accompany Hasan al-Basri for hadith, some for the Qur'an and its commentary, some for language and rhetoric and others would accompany him for sincerity and purity of intention; among them were the like of 'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zayd who were known for their piety and worship. | |||
| A centre of sufi mysticism | |||
| spiritual hospice and centre of learning the sciences of shari‘a as well as purification of the inner-self. Another term used for khanqah. | |||
| M. Fethullah Gülen in his Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism quotes the hadith of Muhammad, who said, "Poverty is my pride." According to the poet-philosopher of the East, Sir 'Allama Muhammad Iqbal, faqr does not signify only an attitude of detachment, selflessness and indifference to worldly life, which are all negative in nature. Iqbal's faqr is through and through positive. A faqir or qalandar in Iqbal is not only indifferent to vicissitudes of material life; he is a man of strong will, who has a moral stake in the social and political life of the people around him, motivated by the love for the ideal of moral and spiritual regeneration of mankind. In the attainment of this ideal, he is ready to sacrifice everything. | |||
| The term comes from the Persian word dervish, which usually refers to a mendicant ascetic. This latter word is also used to refer to an unflappable or ascetic temperament (as in the Urdu phrase darwayshana tabiyat for an ascetic temperament); that is, for an attitude that is indifferent to material possessions and the like. | |||
| Sir Lepel H. Griffin writes in his book The Panjab Chiefs (1865 edition) p.570-571., that "All branches of the tribe (Awans) are unanimous in stating that they originally came from neighourhood of Ghazni to India, and all trace their genealogy to Hasrat Ali the son-in-law of the Prophet. Kutab Shah, who came from Ghazni with Sultan Mahmud, was the common ancestor of the Awans…….It was only in the Rawalpindi, Jhelam and Shahpur districts that they became of any political importance……..In Shahpur District the Awans held the hilly country to the north west, Jalar, Naoshera and Sukesar, where the head of the tribe still resides." | |||
| Munaqib-i-Sultani, a biography of Sultan Bahu, by Sultan Hamid. The writer Sultan Hamid belonged to the sixth or seventh generation of Sultan Bahu's lineage. Almost all biographers of Sulatn Bahu have derived their facts from Manaqib-i-Sultani. The writer of this book mentions the name of Qazi Kalim Allah as a great 'Alim' (scholar) of his time. | |||
| W. W. Hunter. The Indian Mussulmans, London. | |||
| Tanveer Khalid, ISLAMIZATION IN PAKISTAN: A POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY FROM 1947–1988 | |||
| One qualified to form an independent opinion in Muslim Law. | |||
| The Hanafi madhhab is named after the Iraqi scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit (Arabic: أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت) (699-767CE /89-157AH), a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. | |||
| the other three schools of thought being Shafi'i, Maliki, and Hanbali. | |||
| The English word Pantheism means All is God, while the Arabic word wahdat ul-wujood emphasizes that there is just a single being in existence and this single being is God. However, wahdat ul-wujood maybe closer to panentheism, because it states that while the Universe is part of God or God's mind, God is still greater than his creation. | |||
| The Meccan Illuminations (Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya), the largest work of Ibn Arabi in 37 volumes originally and published in 4 or 8 volumes in modern times, discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams/visions. | |||
| However people still considered their descendants as Sajjada Nashin. | |||
| Fazlur Rahman, Islam (Chicago, 2nd edn., 1979), pp. 128–32, 150–2; Aziz Ahmad, "The Sufi and the Sultan in Pre-Mughal Muslim India", Der Islam, 38 (1963), 142–53. Quoted in SUFI SAINTS AND STATE POWER, by SARAH F. D. ANSARI, Cambridge University Press | |||
| Gilmartin, D. (1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". Modern Asian Studies 13 (3): 485–517. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00007228. edit | |||
| SUFI SAINTS AND STATE POWER, by SARAH F. D. ANSARI, Cambridge University Press | |||
| Muhammad Iqbal, "Disciples in Revolt" in Poems from Iqbal, translated V.G. Juergen (London: Jhon Murray, 1955) , 60 | |||
| Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan, David Gilmartin | |||
| Poems from Iqbal by V. G. Kiernan. ISBN 0-19-579185-1 | |||
| Anwar Shamsia, a biography of Hazrat Khawaja Shams-ud-din Sialvi by Maulvi Ameer Baksh, Edition 1916 | |||
| The Meccan Illuminations (Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya), the largest work of Ibn Arabi in 37 volumes discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams/visions. | |||
| "Mehr Muneer" a Biography of Pir Meher Ali shah by maulana Faiz Ahmed | |||
| "Mehr Muneer" a Biography of Pir Meher Ali shah by Maulana Faiz Ahmed | |||
| Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Historical thread. | |||
| Hayat-i-Javed (A Biography of Sir Sayyid) by Altaf Husain Hali (1901), translated by David J. Matthews (New Delhi: Rupa and Company, 1994), | |||
| DR Muhammad Iqbal Awan(Senior Scholar & Historic Researcher) | DR Muhammad Iqbal Awan(Senior Scholar & Historic Researcher) | ||
| Jalhari Moazzam Shah | Jalhari Moazzam Shah | ||
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| Abdul-Allah Qutb Shah Awn Ibn Yaala | |
|---|---|
| Great Sufi/General | |
| Born | 1028 BaghdadIraq |
| Died | Herat, Afghanistan |
| Issue |
|
| House | House of Hashim ,(Banu Hashim)Parent House. |
| Father | Yaala Ibn Hamza Sani Ibn Qasim Sani Ibn Tayyar Ibn Qasim Awwal Ibn Ali Ibn Jaafar Ibn Hamza Awwal Ibn Hasan Ibn Abaidullah Ibn Ghazi Abbas(A.S) Ibn Ali(A.S)Ibn Abi Talib |
| Religion | Islam |
Biography
Qutb Shah (Template:Lang-fa)Qutb Shah Awn ibn Ya‘lā, was a great sufi, well known by the name of Qutb Shah came to the South Asia in the fifth century A.H. (about the eleventh century according to western era) by order of Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani. Moreover, he was an uncle of Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani and one of his spiritual successors. Born in 1028 in Baghdad. Qutb Shah was an appointed Qutb (spiritual pole) by Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani for the South Asia. Due to his great efforts many of the Hindu tribes converted to the Islam. After the incident of Karbala, the household of Muhammad had to migrate to other lands. Many of his descendants who lived in Egypt and nearby lands departed for Turkistan and Iran due to persecution at the hands of Hujjaj bin Yusuf. As time went by, they resettled in places such as Bukhara and Hamadan in Turkistan, and Baghdad in Iraq. Some migrated to Khurasan and others to Herat in the mountainous regions of present day Afghanistan. The descendants of Qutb Shah Awn ibn Ya‘lā settled in South Asia..He is considered the Paternal ancestor of Sultan Quli Qutb Mulk of Qutbshahi Dynasty.
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from Hinduism and Zoroastrianism. Qutb Shah's sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab, and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar, Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh, Chauhan colonized the hills close to the Jehlum, Zaman Ali or Khokhar, settled by the Chenabetc. All these regions are referred to as "Wanhar" today.
The Awan (tribe) of Pakistan are found to be the descendants of Qutb Shah. Muslim Khokhars also claim lineage from him.
See also
References
According to David Gilmartin "Rural Punjab had been converted to Islam by the proselytising activities of Sufis, and these Sufi 'saints' were the focus of Punjab's local and fragmented structure of devotional activities. Gilmartin, D. (1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". Modern Asian Studies 13 (3): 485–517. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00007228. edit a spiritual hospice. Khanqah is a Persian word meaning a house or abode of sufis and dervishes. Khanqah is an important institution for Muslim society. Khanqah is the spiritual centre providing a facility for islah al-nafs (self correction). Following the traditions of the ahl al-haqq (people of truth), khanqah follows the traditions of suluk, tazkiya, and tasawwuf while staying clear of all kinds of bid‘as (innovations in religion) and complies strictly with the rules and boundaries prescribed by the shari‘a. Imam al- Dhahabi in his Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala' relates that Hasan al-Basri would have a session in the mosque where he would teach hadith, fiqh, sciences of the Qur'an, language and other disciplines and if he was asked about tasawwuf, he would answer. He would also have a special session in his house where he would only teach the meanings of zuhd (asceticism) and the sciences of the batin (inner-self). There were those among the people who would accompany Hasan al-Basri for hadith, some for the Qur'an and its commentary, some for language and rhetoric and others would accompany him for sincerity and purity of intention; among them were the like of 'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zayd who were known for their piety and worship. A centre of sufi mysticism spiritual hospice and centre of learning the sciences of shari‘a as well as purification of the inner-self. Another term used for khanqah. M. Fethullah Gülen in his Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism quotes the hadith of Muhammad, who said, "Poverty is my pride." According to the poet-philosopher of the East, Sir 'Allama Muhammad Iqbal, faqr does not signify only an attitude of detachment, selflessness and indifference to worldly life, which are all negative in nature. Iqbal's faqr is through and through positive. A faqir or qalandar in Iqbal is not only indifferent to vicissitudes of material life; he is a man of strong will, who has a moral stake in the social and political life of the people around him, motivated by the love for the ideal of moral and spiritual regeneration of mankind. In the attainment of this ideal, he is ready to sacrifice everything. The term comes from the Persian word dervish, which usually refers to a mendicant ascetic. This latter word is also used to refer to an unflappable or ascetic temperament (as in the Urdu phrase darwayshana tabiyat for an ascetic temperament); that is, for an attitude that is indifferent to material possessions and the like. Sir Lepel H. Griffin writes in his book The Panjab Chiefs (1865 edition) p.570-571., that "All branches of the tribe (Awans) are unanimous in stating that they originally came from neighourhood of Ghazni to India, and all trace their genealogy to Hasrat Ali the son-in-law of the Prophet. Kutab Shah, who came from Ghazni with Sultan Mahmud, was the common ancestor of the Awans…….It was only in the Rawalpindi, Jhelam and Shahpur districts that they became of any political importance……..In Shahpur District the Awans held the hilly country to the north west, Jalar, Naoshera and Sukesar, where the head of the tribe still resides." Munaqib-i-Sultani, a biography of Sultan Bahu, by Sultan Hamid. The writer Sultan Hamid belonged to the sixth or seventh generation of Sultan Bahu's lineage. Almost all biographers of Sulatn Bahu have derived their facts from Manaqib-i-Sultani. The writer of this book mentions the name of Qazi Kalim Allah as a great 'Alim' (scholar) of his time. W. W. Hunter. The Indian Mussulmans, London. Tanveer Khalid, ISLAMIZATION IN PAKISTAN: A POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STUDY FROM 1947–1988 One qualified to form an independent opinion in Muslim Law. The Hanafi madhhab is named after the Iraqi scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit (Arabic: أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت) (699-767CE /89-157AH), a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani. the other three schools of thought being Shafi'i, Maliki, and Hanbali. The English word Pantheism means All is God, while the Arabic word wahdat ul-wujood emphasizes that there is just a single being in existence and this single being is God. However, wahdat ul-wujood maybe closer to panentheism, because it states that while the Universe is part of God or God's mind, God is still greater than his creation. The Meccan Illuminations (Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya), the largest work of Ibn Arabi in 37 volumes originally and published in 4 or 8 volumes in modern times, discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams/visions. However people still considered their descendants as Sajjada Nashin. Fazlur Rahman, Islam (Chicago, 2nd edn., 1979), pp. 128–32, 150–2; Aziz Ahmad, "The Sufi and the Sultan in Pre-Mughal Muslim India", Der Islam, 38 (1963), 142–53. Quoted in SUFI SAINTS AND STATE POWER, by SARAH F. D. ANSARI, Cambridge University Press Gilmartin, D. (1979). "Religious Leadership and the Pakistan Movement in the Punjab". Modern Asian Studies 13 (3): 485–517. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00007228. edit SUFI SAINTS AND STATE POWER, by SARAH F. D. ANSARI, Cambridge University Press Muhammad Iqbal, "Disciples in Revolt" in Poems from Iqbal, translated V.G. Juergen (London: Jhon Murray, 1955) , 60 Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan, David Gilmartin Poems from Iqbal by V. G. Kiernan. ISBN 0-19-579185-1 Anwar Shamsia, a biography of Hazrat Khawaja Shams-ud-din Sialvi by Maulvi Ameer Baksh, Edition 1916 The Meccan Illuminations (Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya), the largest work of Ibn Arabi in 37 volumes discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams/visions. "Mehr Muneer" a Biography of Pir Meher Ali shah by maulana Faiz Ahmed "Mehr Muneer" a Biography of Pir Meher Ali shah by Maulana Faiz Ahmed Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Historical thread. Hayat-i-Javed (A Biography of Sir Sayyid) by Altaf Husain Hali (1901), translated by David J. Matthews (New Delhi: Rupa and Company, 1994), DR Muhammad Iqbal Awan(Senior Scholar & Historic Researcher) Jalhari Moazzam Shah (District Rawalpindi,Tehsile Gujar Khan) +92-300-9860236.
4. Roz, H.A. (1911), Glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province