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Landmark Worldwide

Company type	Private LLC
Industry	Self-help
Founded	January 1991
Headquarters	San Francisco, California
Key people	Harry Rosenberg: director, CEO; Mick Leavitt: President
Products	The Landmark Forum, associated coursework
Revenue	USD$77 million (2009)
Number of employees	525+ employees
Subsidiaries	The Vanto Group Tekniko Licensing Corporation
Website	landmarkworldwide.com

Landmark Worldwide (formerly Landmark Education), or simply Landmark, is a limited liability company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It offers programs in personal development.

The company started with the purchase of intellectual property based upon Werner Erhard's est training seminars. Landmark has developed and delivered over 40 personal development programs. Its subsidiary, the Vanto Group, also markets and delivers training and consulting to organizations.

Landmark's programs have been categorized by some scholars as religious or quasi-religious in nature. Landmark and many of the company's customers deny such characterizations, while some researchers question that categorization as well.

Corporation

History

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History

Landmark Worldwide LLC was founded in January 1991 by several of the presenters of a training program known as "The Forum". Landmark purchased the intellectual property rights to The Forum from Werner Erhard and Associates and used that as the basis for its foundation course named "The Landmark Forum", which has been further updated over the years. It has since developed around 55 additional training courses and seminar programs throughout 20 different countries around the world.

The corporation was originally registered as Transnational Education and changed its name to Landmark Education Corporation in May 1991. In June 2003 it was re-structured as Landmark Education LLC, and in July 2013 renamed Landmark Worldwide LLC.

According to Landmark, Werner Erhard (creator of the est training which ran from 1971 to 1984) consults from time to time with its "Research and Design team". Terry Giles, Chairman of the Board, is credited with resolving a long-standing rift among the descendants of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Corporation

Landmark Worldwide LLC operates as an employee-owned for-profit private company. According to Landmark's website, its employees own all the stock of the corporation, with no individual holding more than 3%. The company states that it operates in such a way as to invest its surpluses into making its programs, initiatives, and services more widely available. In addition, its subsidiary, the Vanto Group, focuses on marketing and delivering training and consultation services to corporate clients and other organizations.

The company reports more than 2.2 million people have participated in its programs since 1991. Landmark holds seminars in approximately 115 locations in more than 20 nations. Landmark stated in 2005 that annual attendance at its courses was 200,000, with 70,000 to 80,000 participants in the Landmark Forum. It has stated that from 1991 to 2008 more than 1 million people had taken part in Landmark's introductory program, the Landmark Forum. Landmark reported revenues of approximately $81 million as of 2011.

Business consulting

Vanto Group, Inc., founded in 1993 as "Landmark Education Business Development" (LEBD), a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide Enterprises, Inc., uses the techniques of Landmark to provide consulting services to various companies. The University of Southern California (USC) Marshall School of Business carried out a case study in 1998 into the work of LEBD with BHP New Zealand Steel. The report concluded that the set of interventions in the organization produced a 50% improvement in safety, a 15% to 20% reduction in key benchmark costs, a 50% increase in return on capital, and a 20% increase in raw steel production. LEBD became the Vanto Group in 2007.

Companies such as Panda Express and Lululemon Athletica pay for and encourage employees to take part in The Landmark Forum.

Licensing intellectual property

Tekniko, Inc., formerly owned by Werner Erhard, was the successor organization to Transformational Technologies, which was incorporated in 1984 by Erhard and management consultant James Selman. Tekniko Licencing Corporation, a California corporation owned by Terry M. Giles, later acquired this technology. In 2001 Landmark Education formed Tekniko Licensing Corporation, a Nevada corporation, which purchased Tekniko Technology from Giles' company.

Since that time, the Vanto Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of Landmark Worldwide, has used Tekniko to license the "Tekniko methodology and intellectual property to a wide variety of corporations".

The Landmark Forum

Landmark's entry course, The Landmark Forum, is a prerequisite for the majority of their other programs. The course varies in size between 75 and 250 people, and is arranged as a discussion where the course leader presents certain ideas and the course participants engage in voluntary discussions applying those ideas to their own life. Rules are set up at the beginning of the program, such as strongly encouraging participants not to miss any part of the program. Attendees are also urged to be “coachable” and not just be observers during the course.

Various ideas are presented, asserted and discussed during the course. For example, the course maintains that there is a big difference between what actually happened in a person’s life and the meaning or interpretation they made up about it, and that human behavior is governed by a need to look good. Another tenet of the course is that people pursue an "imaginary 'someday' of satisfaction", and that people create meaning for themselves since "there is none inherent in the world". The course also maintains that people have persistent complaints that give rise to unproductive fixed ways of being, but that people can “transform”, by a creative act of bringing forth new ways of being, rather than trying to change themselves in comparison to the past. Course participants are encouraged to call people they know during the course, with whom they feel they have unresolved tensions, and either be in communication with the other person or be responsible for their own behavior.

An evening session follows closely on the three consecutive days of the course and completes the Landmark Forum. During this final session, the participants share information about their results, and bring guests to learn about the Forum.

Course content

The Landmark Forum takes place over three consecutive days and an evening session (generally Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and Tuesday evening.) Each full day begins at 9:00 a.m. and typically ends at approximately 10:00 p.m. Breaks are approximately every 2–3 hours, with a 90-minute dinner break. The evening session generally runs from 7:00 p.m. to 10:15 p.m. Course size varies between 75 and 250 people. Rules are set up at the beginning of the program, such as strongly encouraging participants not to miss any part of the program. Attendees are also urged to be “coachable” and not just be observers during the course. The program is arranged as a discussion where the course leader presents certain ideas and the course participants engage in voluntary sharing with the course leader to discuss how those ideas apply to their own life. Ideas presented, asserted and discussed include the following:

• There is a big difference between what actually happened in a person’s life and the meaning or interpretation they made up about it

• People pursue an imaginary someday of satisfaction

• Human behavior is governed by a need to look good

• People add meaning to events in their life which are not necessarily true

• People have persistent complaints that give rise to unproductive fixed ways of being

• People can “transform” by a creative act of bringing forth new ways of being, rather than trying to change themselves in comparison to the past

• Course participants are encouraged to call people they know during the course who they are incomplete with and either be in communication with the other person or be responsible for their own behavior.

• The Tuesday evening session completes the Landmark Forum with several further distinctions and sharing by participants about the results they got. Course attendees bring guests to learn about the Landmark Forum.

Community projects

Some other Landmark courses encourage or require participants to create a community project. In the Self-Expression and Leadership Program, participants are required to undertake a project that benefits the larger community or society as a whole.

In the Team, Management, and Leadership Program, participants create four team-based community projects.

Reviews and Criticisms

The New York Times reporter Henry Alford summarized his review of The Landmark Forum by saying "Two months after the Forum, I'd rate my success at 84 percent. I'm more prone to telling loved ones and colleagues, in person and without glibness, that I love or admire them. But I still operate from a base position that people are a lot of effort." Time reporter Nathan Thornburgh, in his review of The Landmark Forum, said "At its heart, the course was a withering series of scripted reality checks meant to show us how we have created nearly everything we see as a problem …I benefited tremendously from the uncomfortable mirror the course had put in front of me."

The Irish Mail on Sunday says the effects of The Landmark Forum "...can be startling. People find themselves reconciled with parents, exes and friends. They have conversations they have wanted to have with their families for years; they meet people or get promoted in work."

Landmark makes extensive use of web-published and word-of-mouth testimonials from customers to portray its effectiveness, and supplements these with studies, surveys, and opinions.

Journalists Amelia Hill with The Observer and Karin Badt from The Huffington Post have witnessed the Landmark Forum and concluded that, in their view, it is not a cult. Hill wrote, "It is ... simple common sense delivered in an environment of startling intensity." Badt noted the organisation's emphasis on "'spreading the word' of the Landmark forum as a sign of the participants' 'integrity'" in recounting her personal experience of an introductory "Landmark Forum" course. Part of this theme included repeated comparisons between program participants and Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. Badt also noted that, "At the end of the day, I found the Forum innocuous. No cult, no radical religion: an inspiring, entertaining introduction of good solid techniques of self-reflection, with an appropriate emphasis on action and transformation (not change)", pointing instead to problems lying with uncritical participants.

Landmark makes no claims to being a religion, but some academic observers have nonetheless noted relationships between the training programs and religion. Others have noted a lack of religious elements in the programs or the compatibility of the programs with existing religions. Academic sources have suggested that the programs possess religious features and/or address participants' spiritual needs.

Following a series of investigative articles in the national daily Dagens Nyheter and programs on the private TV channel TV4, Landmark closed its offices in Sweden in June 2004. The French office of Landmark also closed in July 2004 after labor inspectors, visiting the site noting the activities of volunteers, made a report of undeclared employment.

Footnotes

1. Landmark staff 2002a.
2. ^ Landmark staff 2014b.
3. Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The dark journey of Werner Erhard from est to exile. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-09296-2, p. 254. (Out of print).
4. LP/LLC information. California Secretary of State. Filed February 26, 2003. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
5. Corporation information. California Secretary of State. Filed June 22, 1987. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
6. Faltermayer, Charlotte; Richard Woodbury (March 16, 1998). The Best of Est?. Time. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
7. Dewan, Shaila (May 3, 2010). "Hired to Bring Order, Kings' Adviser Brings Peace". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2010-11-02. Terry M. Giles ... the self-improvement techniques of EST. (Werner Erhard, the creator of EST, is a client.)
8. Dow Jones & Co., Inc. (2010). "Landmark Education Corporation". The Business Journals. American City Business Journals, Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-02. Landmark Education Corporation - Company Executives - Terry Giles - Chairman of the Board
9. ^ LandmarkWorldwide.com. Landmark Fact Sheet. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
10. (February 1, 2008). "Landmark Education Business Development, LEBD, Changes Name to Vanto Group". Reuters. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
11. LandmarkWorldwide.com. Who Participates. Retrieved on September 1, 2013.
12. See:
    • LandmarkWorldwide.com. Landmark Fact Sheet. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
    • LandmarkWorldwide.com. Company History. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
    • Badt, Karen (March 5, 2008). "Karin Badt: Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
    • LandmarkEducation.com. Landmark Events and Locations. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
    • Nathan Thornberg April 10, 2011 Change We Can (almost) Believe In.
13. LandmarkWorldwide.com. About Landmark. Retrieved on July 16, 2013.
14. ^ Stassen, Wilma (September 2008). "Inside a Landmark Forum Weekend" Health 24
15. Logan, David C. (1998). "Transforming the Network of Conversations in BHP New Zealand Steel: Landmark Education Business Development's New Paradigm for Organizational Change", University of Southern California, Marshall School of Business, L984-01.
16. "General Tso, Meet Steven Covey". Business Week. 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
17. "Lululemon's Cult of Selling". Fast Company. 2009-04-01. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
18. Norman Bodek (1985). ReVision: The Journal of Consciousness and Change, Vol 7, No. 2, Winter 1984 / Spring 1985
19. Case Financial Inc • DEFM14A. SEC filings on secinfo.com. Filed May 3, 2000. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
    Quote: "Mr. Giles is the owner of Tekniko Licensing Corporation, which licenses intellectual properties owned by Tekniko to businesses throughout the world."
20. Pacific Biometrics, filings. Form SB-2. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
21. Landmark Education information.
22. Landmark staff 2015.
23. ^ Badt & 5 March 2008.
24. ^ Stassen 2008.
25. ^ Hill & 13 December 2008.
26. McCrone & 1 February 2008.
27. See:
    • (Hill & 13 December 2008);
    • (McCrone & 1 February 2008);
    • (Odasso & 5 June 2008).
28. See:
    • (Badt & 5 March 2008);
    • (Hill & 13 December 2008);
    • (Odasso & 5 June 2008).
29. See:
    • (Hill & 13 December 2008);
    • (McCrone & 1 February 2008);
    • (Odasso & 5 June 2008).
30. ^ Badt, Karen (March 5, 2008). "Karin Badt: Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. Retrieved on October 22, 2008.
31. ^ Hill, Amelia (2008-03-05). "I thought I'd be brainwashed. But how wrong could I be…". The Guardian. London: www.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
32. ^ McCrone, John (2008-11-22). "A Landmark Change". The Press. The Press (New Zealand).
33. ^ Odasso, Diane (2008-06-05). "My Landmark Experience". The Huffington Post. www.huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
34. "Velo and Vintage on Second Saturday". Sacramento Press. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
35. 31/entertainment/24990821_1_breast-cancer-survivors-breast-cancer-survivors-duck-breast "Cherish the mammary: Restaurants raise funds for breast cancer survivors". Philadelphia Daily News. 2008-07-31. Retrieved 2011-03-14. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
36. "Some of Detroit's Major Miracle Makers". Time Magazine, Detroit Blog. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
37. "Cyclists gear up for challenging event". San Diego Union-Tribune. 2008-04-19. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
38. Mauro, Lucia (2001-10-26). "Middle Eastern arts on tap". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
39. "Helping professionals take up community welfare projects". Chennai, India: Hindu Times. 2010-09-13. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
40. "Charity walk to boost anti-suicide initiatives". Bay of Plenty Times. 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
41. "Local couple finds true love is closer than you think". The Daily Courier. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
42. Alford, Henry (2010-11-26). "You're O.K., but I'm Not. Let's Share". New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
43. "Change We Can (Almost) Believe In". TIME Magazine. 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
44. "Landmark Forum: One Weekend to fix your LIFE?". Irish Mail on Sunday. 2012-02-18.
45. "Brief Quotes". LandmarkEducation.com. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
46. Badt, Karin (2008-03-05). "Inside The Landmark Forum". The Huffington Post. HuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2009-08-11. I questioned the odd apolitical bias of the program. Martin Luther King and Ghandi [sic] were not just victors of positive thinking: they had a radical political agenda to re-adjust political inequality. Their belief system was based in believing in something more than ourselves. Why were we being compared to Gandhi and King if we could stand up to our husbands and get a more successful career? concluded, per forma, with moving descriptions of Gandhi and King.
47. See:
    • Ben Porat, Shahar (April 2006). "Teacher of the Confused". Time Out. Israel. pp. 42–44.
    • Cannon, Patrick Owen (June 14, 2007). "Communication for Planetary Transformation and the Drag of Public Conversations: The Case of Landmark Education Corporation". Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida: 1–504. SFE0002150. Retrieved 26 January 2010. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    • Lazarus, Baila (April 11, 2008). "Attain Freedom from the Past". Jewish Independent.
48. See:
    • Bhugra, Dinesh (1997). Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies. Routledge. p. 126. ISBN 0-415-16512-1.
    • Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. Scarecrow Press. pp. 197–198. ISBN 0-8108-5588-7.
    • Kronberg, Robert (2002). "Psychogroups and Cults in Denmark". Cultic Studies Review. 1 (1). International Cultic Studies Association. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    • Beckford, James A. (2003). Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 0-521-77431-4.
    • Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 406. ISBN 0-19-522042-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    • Arweck, Elisabeth (2005). Researching New Religious Movements. Routledge. p. 166. ISBN 0-415-27755-8.
    • Lewis, James R. (2005). Cults. ABC-CLIO. pp. 123–124. ISBN 1-85109-618-3.
51. Christian Palme (2002-06-03). "Landsting köpte kurs av Landmark". DN.SE. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
52. Tidskriften Analys & Kritik - Irrationalismen
53. See:
    • Marie Lemonniera, "Chez les gourous en cravate", Le Nouvel Observateur, 19 May 2005, accessed 7 December 2008; French text: "L’'Inspection du Travail débarque dans les locaux de Landmark, constate l'’exploitation des bénévoles et dresse des procès-verbaux pour travail non déclaré." English translation: "Labor inspectors turned up at the offices of Landmark, noted the exploitation of volunteers and drew up a report of undeclared employment."
    • "Defence workers trained by 'cult'", ABC News, 2 April 2008
    • (1996) "Liste des sectes dangereuses" (French). atheisme.free.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
    • (May 26, 2004). "Landmark Education - Droit de Répons - France 3" (French). landmarkeducation.fr. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.

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• Odasso, Diane (5 June 2008). "My Landmark Experience". Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com. Retrieved 9 December 2009.

• Office of International Religious Freedom (2005). "International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Austria". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Retrieved 28 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Office of International Religious Freedom (2006). "International Religious Freedom Report 2005: Sweden". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Retrieved 28 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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• Palmer, Susan (2011). The New Heretics of France: Minority Religions, la Republique, and the Government-Sponsored War on Sects. Oxford UP. ISBN 9780199875993. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Paris, Joel (2013). Psychotherapy in an Age of Narcissism: Modernity, Science, and Society. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230336964. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Partridge, Christopher (2004). New Religions: A Guide. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0195220420. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

• Pressman, Steven (1993). Outrageous Betrayal: The Dark Journey of Werner Erhard from est to Exile. New York: St. Martin's. ISBN 0312092962. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Puttick, Elizabeth (2004). "Landmark Forum (est)". In Partridge, Christopher Hugh (ed.). Encyclopedia of New Religions. Oxford: Lion. ISBN 9780745950730. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Ramstedt, Martin (2007). "New Age and Business: Corporations as Cultic Milieus?". In Kemp, Daren; Lewis, James R. (eds.). Handbook of the New Age. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 1. Leiden: BRILL. p. 196. ISBN 9789004153554. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Rayman, Graham (20 May 2008). "Suit Against Sperm-Bank Firm Claims Sexual Harassment and Cult-Like Behavior". Village Voice. New York.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Richardson, James T. (1998). "est (THE FORUM)". In Swatos, Jr., William H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira. ISBN 0761989560. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Rolfe, Peter (9 March 2008). "We Pay for Seminars: TAXPAYERS are picking up the bill to send police officers and bureaucrats on a controversial personal enlightenment course". Sunday Herald Sun. Melbourne, Victoria.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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• Rupert, Glenn A. (1992). "Employing the New Age: Training Seminars". In Lewis, James R.; Melton, J. Gordon (eds.). Perspectives on the New Age. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 079141213X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Rusnell, Charles; Russell, Jennie (17 October 2014). "Alberta Health Services staff pressured to attend controversial seminars". CBC News. Ottawa, Ontario. Retrieved 28 January 2015.

• Sacks, Danielle (1 April 2009). "Lululemon's Cult of Selling". Fast Company. Retrieved 2011-03-14.

• Saliba, John A. (2003). Understanding New Religious Movements. Walnut Creek, California: Rowman Altamira. p. 88. ISBN 9780759103559. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• Schneider (1995). "Der Pädagogische Bereich als Operationsfeld für Psychokulte". 20 Jahre Elterninitiative. e.V.. University of Tubingen, Theologische Abteilung: 189–190. ISBN 3927890235. ISSN 0720–3772. {{cite journal}}: Check |issn= value (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help);

• Scioscia, Amanda (19 October 2000). "Drive-thru Deliverance: It's not called est anymore, but you can still be ridiculed into self-awareness in just one expensive weekend". Phoenix New Times. Phoenix, Arizona.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Sharot, Stephen (2011). Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 9780814334010. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• D'Souza, Christa (13 July 2008). "Sex Therapy". The Times. London.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

• Stassen, Wilma (September 2008). "Inside a Landmark Forum Weekend". Health24. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

• TD (24 May 2004). "Une secte démasquée grâce à la caméra cachée". Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 21 September 2014.

• Tessier, Odine (20 May 2004). "Voyage au pays des nouveaux gourous". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 21 September 2014.

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