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			{{General CVG character
	{{otheruses}}
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	{\| class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="3" width="250"
			\|name= Gwenno
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			\|image=
	!colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#ff9999"\|City of Manchester
			\|caption=
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			\|series= '']''
	\|colspan=2 align=center\|<!-- Unsourced image removed: ] -->
			\|firstgame= '']''
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			\|creator=
	\|colspan=2 align=center\|]
			\|artist=
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			\|voiceactor=
	!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"\|Geography
			\|japanactor=
	\|-
			\|motionactor=
	\|width="45%"\|Status:\|\|], ] (1853)
			\|inuniverse=
	\|-
			}}
	\|]:\|\|]
			'''Gwenllian Gwalch'gaeaf''', or '''Gwenno''', is a fictional character in the '']'' computer game series. She first appears in '']'', re-appears in '']'' and after that throughout the entire series.
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	\|]:\|\|]
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	\|]:\|\|], part in ]
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	\|]:<br>- Total\|\|]<br>115.65 ]
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	\|Admin. HQ:\|\|Manchester
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	\|]:\|\|00BN
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	\|Geographical coordinates:\|\|{{coor dm\|53\|29\|N\|2\|15\|W\|type:city(437000)_region:GB-MAN}}
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	!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"\|Demographics
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	\|]:<br>- Total ({{EnglishStatisticsYear}})<br>- ]\|\|]<br>{{EnglishDistrictPopulation\|ONS=00BN}}<br>{{EnglishDistrictDensity\|ONS=00BN}} / km²
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	\|Ethnicity:\|\|81.0% White<br>9.1% S.Asian<br>4.5% Afro-Carib.<br>1.3% Chinese
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	!colspan=2 bgcolor="#ff9999"\|Politics
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	\|colspan=2 align=center\|]<br>Manchester City Council<br>http://www.manchester.gov.uk/
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	\|]:\|\|Leader & Cabinet
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	\|Executive:\|\|{{EnglishDistrictControl\|ONS=00BN}}
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	\|]:\|\|] (])
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	\|]:\|\|], ], ], ], ]
	\|}

			Gwenno is a woman with diverse talent. She's an entertainer, and wrote the lyrics for the famous song "]", which was composed by her husband ]. She's also a scholar and explorer.
	'''Manchester''' is a ] in the North of ]. Historically notable for its central role in the ],
	the city today is also a centre of the arts, the media, higher education and commerce,
	considered by some to be the country's ] <ref>, BBC, ] ], retrieved ] ].</ref><ref>, BBC, ] ], retrieved ] ].</ref>.
	Manchester is also well-known for its sporting connections, being home to the world famous ] football club, ] football club and the ], and having hosted the ] in 2002.

			Gwenno's character is based on ], ]'s wife.
	The ] is on a "tentative list" of ] ]s—mainly based around its network of canals and mills, which facilitated its development during the ] of the nineteenth century<ref></ref>.

			{{spoiler}}
	The city is named from the old ] name ''Mamuciam'', thought to be a ] of the original ] name (possibly ''mamm'' meaning 'breast' or 'breast-like hill'), plus the ] ''ceaster'', derived from the ] '']'', meaning "camp".<ref>{{cite book\|author=Mills, A. D.\|title=A Dictionary of British Place-names\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2003\|isbn=0198527586}}</ref> Manchester is a ] with ]. The city has a population of 437,000, whilst the wider conurbation, known as the ], has a population of ] <!--This is the population for the conurbation, NOT the metropolitan county of the same name-->. Eleven million people live within 60 minutes drive of Central Manchester. {{fact}}

			In '']'', Gwenno and ] can be seen together in the town of ], enclosed within walls reading "Iolo" and "Gwen".
	] County consists of the metropolitan boroughs of Manchester and the surrounding boroughs of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].

			In '']'', Gwenno appears in Britain (though her name is spelled "Gweno" in the original game), entertaining children along with ].
	==Geography and climate==
	Manchester is situated within a bowl-shaped land area, bordered to the north and east by the ] ] and to the south by the ] Plain. The city centre is located on the east bank of the ], near the confluence of the ] and the ]. The ] also flows through the south of the city. Much of the inner city, especially in the south, is flat, offering extensive views of the ] from the floors of many tall buildings. Manchester's geographic features were highly influential in its early development as the world's first industrial city. These features are its climate, its proximity to a ] at ], the availability of water power from its rivers, and its nearby coal reserves.

			In '']'', Gwenno is one of the potential party members.
	Manchester has a damp climate and a reputation as a rainy city. The average annual rainfall is 809 mm, meaning that its reputation is relatively undeserved.<ref>{{cite web \| title=Manchester tourist guide — Geography & weather\| work=Manchester Online \| url=http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/tourist/geographyandweather/s/63/63975_sunshine_and_rain.html \| accessdate=November 2 \| accessyear=2005}}</ref> For example, this total is less than that of ], ] or ]. In international terms, Manchester receives substantially less rain than ], which receives 1200 mm of rain in an average year, and its average annual rainfall total is comparable with that of ]. The precipitation is light, however, so a small volume of rain may take an hour to fall in Manchester, compared to several minutes of heavy rain experienced in Rome. Manchester also has a relatively high humidity level, which is why it is noted for being a fabric town (chiefly manufacturing cotton, but to the south silk).

			Gwenno does not appear in '']'', but she has left a letter for Iolo where she says she has left to explore the Serpent Isle.
	==History==
	{{main\|History of Manchester}}
	].]]
	], the first in Western Europe outside of the ].]]
	] was built and designed in the city during ].]]
	], long a symbol of Manchester's industrial power during the nineteenth century, decorates the entrance hall of ].]]

			Gwenno plays major role in '']''. She was first found dead, buried in Gwani burial caves in the far north. Once resurrected, she was discovered to be possessed by the Bane of Wantonness. Once cured of that, she continued her research in the Monk Isle, greatly helping the ] and the Companions.
	===Earlier history===
	The Manchester area was settled in or before ] times. In the course of a campaign against the ], the Roman general ] set up a fort at Mancunium on the East bank of the Irwell. This temporary structure was rebuilt several times, and became an important staging post where the roads between the legionary fortresses of ] and ], and the road northwards, crossed. There was a civilian settlement, or ''vicus''. An extremely rare ] was discovered in excavations some years ago. The North Gate of this fort has been reconstructed on the original site, together with a section of the fortress wall, and these may be found in the ] district, at the end of Deansgate.

			Gwenno has returned to Britannia in '']''; she lives near Britain with Iolo.
	The fort was abandoned in the ], and at some point in time the focus of settlement shifted from this spot to the confluence of the rivers ] and ]. In medieval times, this area included a fortified manor house. Thomas De La Warre, a manorial lord who also happened to be a priest, gave the site to the church for use as a College of Priests around 1422, and commenced the construction of the Collegiate Church. The former is now ], and the latter ].

			{{UltimaCompanions}}
	Manchester became a market town in 1301 when it received its Charter.
			{{cvg-char-stub}}

			]
	In the fourteenth century, Salford and Manchester became home to a community of ] weavers who settled in the town to produce wool and linen, beginning the tradition of cloth manufacture.

	Manchester was an important place in the county of Lancashire by the time of the ]. Perhaps the textile connections (which included the City Of London) resulted in the spread of ] and nonconformity. In 1642, ] attempted to seize the militia magazine for the King. This was opposed, and the resulting casualty, one Richard Percival, is said to have been the first man to be killed in the ]. Lord Strange returned to besiege the town without success.

	In 1745, ] passed through the town en route to Derby. Upon the subsequent retreat, some luckless Manchester recruits were left to garrison Carlisle, where they surrendered to the British Army.

	] described Manchester as the "greatest mere village" in the first decade of the eighteenth century. Nevertheless, it was the ], particularly in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, that transformed a market town into a great city. Its damp climate was ideal for cotton processing, and with the development of steam-powered engines for spinning and weaving the cotton industry quickly developed throughout the region (for example, ] in ], ]). It also became an important distribution centre, populated by increasingly important warehouses.

	The construction of the Duke's Canal, sometimes referred to as the ], Britain's first true artificial inland waterway, spurred this development by the provision of abundant quantities of cheap coal. The opening of the ], the first main line passenger railway in the world, also contributed to the town's rapid development.

	Manchester quickly grew into the most important industrial centre in the world, and, significantly, the first industrial society. The pace of change was fast and frightening. At that time, it seemed a place in which anything could happen — new industrial processes, new ways of thinking (the so called 'Manchester School', promoting ] and '']''), new classes or groups in society, new religious sects, and new forms of labour organisation. It attracted educated visitors from all parts of Britain and Europe. "What Manchester does today," it was said, "the rest of the world does tomorrow."

	Manchester’s population exploded as people moved into the city from the surrounding countryside — and from other parts of the British Isles — seeking new opportunities. Particularly large numbers came from ], especially after the ] of the 1840s. The Irish influence continues to this day, and every March Manchester plays host to one of the world's largest ] parades. It is estimated that about 35% of the population of Manchester and Salford has at least some Irish ancestry. Large numbers of (mostly ]) immigrants came to Manchester from central and eastern Europe. The area, including Salford and Prestwich, now has a Jewish population of about 40,000. This is the largest Jewish community outside London by quite some way. To these groups may be added (in later years) Levantines (involved in the Egyptian cotton trade), Germans, and Italians. By the end of the nineteenth century, Manchester was a very cosmopolitan place.

	During the early years of the industrial revolution, as the population soared astronomically, overcrowding in the inner city areas became a serious problem, and the quality of ordinary people's living conditions suffered dramatically. Basic services such as clean water and proper sewage facilities were significantly absent, and the result was chronic sickness and diseases such as cholera and typhoid taking a heavy toll. Infant mortality was horrific; life expectancy for working class adults was very low.

	Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Manchester was an important seat of radical, reformist politics. A famous meeting, held in furtherance of parliamentary reform, took place in St Peter’s Field on ] ]. It was to be addressed by ], a powerful speaker known as "Orator Hunt". Local ], fearful of a large crowd, ordered volunteer ] armed with ]s to clear a way through the crowd to arrest Hunt and the platform party. They lost control (some reports suggest that many were drunk) and started to lash out at members of the crowd. The officers of a troop of ] of the ] were so appalled that they tried to restrain the volunteers. These events resulted in the (official) deaths of eleven people with over four hundred injured. The country was appalled. One of the dead had been present at the ], and it was said that "Waterloo were a battle, but Peterloo (as the proceedings were satirically called) were nowt but bloody murder"

	The so-called ] became a ''cause célèbre'' for reformers. Manchester was a focus of the movement to reform the ] (the Anti Corn Law League (ACLL) was set up in 1836 by Cobden and Bright), and later the Free Trade movement known as "The Manchester School" or "Manchesterism" developed. Peterloo was a spur to obtaining municipal incorporation in 1838, when it became a ], soon after the ] allowed this. ] for the borough was conferred in 1853. The town obtained its first MPs after the passing of the ].

	The first ] was held in Manchester (at the Mechanics' Institute, David Street), from ] to ] 1868. Manchester was also an important cradle of the ] and the ].

	Manchester's golden age was perhaps the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Many of the great public buildings (including the Town Hall) date from then. The city's cosmopolitan atmosphere contributed to a vibrant culture, which included the ]. In 1889, when county councils were created in ], the municipal borough became a ] with even greater autonomy.

	During this period, the ] was created by the canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey for 36 miles from Salford to the Mersey estuary at the port of Liverpool. This enabled ocean going ships to sail right into the Port of Manchester Docks (technically in Salford). The docks functioned up until the 1970s, with their closure leading to a large increase in unemployment in the area.

	Trafford Park in Stretford was the world's first industrial estate and still exists today, though with a significant tourist and recreational presence.

	Manchester suffered greatly from the inter-war depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture.

	During the Manchester was involved in heavy industrial construction — it was home to ] (now ]) which built countless aircraft for the ], the most famous being the ] bomber. The city was attacked a number of times by the ], particularly in the "Christmas Blitz" of 1941, which destroyed a large part of the historic city centre and seriously damaged the Cathedral.

	In 1974, Manchester was split from the county of ], and the Metropolitan Borough of Manchester was created.

	===Recent history===
	] ]]]
	] undergoing extensive regeneration.]]

	At 11.20 am on Saturday ] ], the ] detonated a large ]. Whilst this bomb caused over 200 injuries, it caused no deaths, and the principal damage was to the physical infrastructure of nearby buildings. The consequent reconstruction spurred a massive regeneration of the city centre, with complexes such as ] and the Triangle creating new city focal points for both shopping and entertainment. Many people say that the PIRA have done more good for the city than any town planner ever could. The following regeneration took almost a decade to complete, the latest part of the renovated ] opened in April 2006. The last stage reopens in September 2006.
	In 2002, the city successfully hosted the ], earning praise from many sources. Manchester has twice failed in its bid to host the ], losing to ] in 1996 and ] in 2000.

	Rapidly developing institutions attract ] and disorder; see main article ].

	Since the regeneration after the 1996 IRA attack, and aided by the ], Manchester's city centre has changed significantly. Large sections of the city dating from the 1960s have been either demolished and re-developed or modernised with the use of glass and steel; a good example of this transformation is the Manchester Arndale Centre. Many old mills have been converted into apartments, helping to give the city a much more modern, upmarket look and feel. Some areas, like ], have undergone extensive regeneration programmes and many million-pound lofthouse apartments have since been developed to cater for its growing business community. The 168 metre tall, 47-storey Beetham Tower, completed in 2006, provides the highest residential accommodation in Europe - the lower 23 floors form the Hilton Hotel, while the upper 24 floors are apartments. The Beetham Tower was originally planned to stand 171 metres in height, but this had to be changed due to local wind conditions. <ref>, BBC, ] ], retrieved ] ].</ref>

	==Government==
	{{expandsect}}

	Manchester is represented by 4 tiers of government. These are:

	# Manchester City Council
	# North West Regional Assembly
	# UK Parliament
	# European Parliament

	Whilst Manchester is also part of the Metropolitan County of Greater Manchester, there is no tier of government which covers the county as a whole. However, some functions of government are organised at a county level, and these are discussed below.

	===Manchester City Council===
	{{main\|Manchester City Council}}

	Manchester City Council is the local authority for the metropolitan borough of Manchester. The borough is divided into 32 ], which elect a total of 96 councillors, three for each ward. Currently the council is controlled by the ] and is led by ].

	====Districts in the City of Manchester====
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	====Parishes====
	# ]

	====Unparished Areas====
	Showing former status (prior to 1974)

	# Manchester (County Borough)

	===North West Regional Assembly===

	Whilst not a directly elected body, the ] is responsible for promoting the economic, environmental and social well-being of the ] ]. It is made up of representatives from councils across the region, business organisations, public sector agencies, education and training bodies, trade unions and co-operatives and the voluntary and community sector.

	===UK Parliament===
	{{main\|Parliament of the United Kingdom}}

	There are five UK Parliamentary constituencies which cover the City of Manchester, each of which elects one ] to the ] in London. These constituencies and their current MPs are:

	* ] - ] (])
	* ] - ] (Labour)
	* ] - ] (Labour)
	* ] - ] (])
	* ] (also covers part of Trafford) - ] (Labour)

	===European Parliament===
	{{main\|European Parliament}}

	North West England, as a single EU constituency, elects 9 representatives to the ]. The current ] for the North West are:

	* Mr Gary Titley (])
	* Mr Den Dover (])
	* Mr Chris Davies (])
	* Mrs Arlene McCarthy (Labour)
	* Mr John Whittaker (])
	* Mr David Sumberg (Conservative)
	* Mr Terry Wynn (Labour)
	* Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Atkins (Conservative)
	* Mr Sajjad Karim (Liberal Democrats)

	===Greater Manchester===
	{{main\|Greater Manchester}}
	]

	Greater Manchester is a ] which surrounds the City of Manchester. Including the City of Manchester, Greater Manchester is made up of 10 metropolitan boroughs, with each borough having its own council. Though these councils frequently have to interact with each other on a number of issues, they are completely independent of each other.

	The 10 boroughs of Greater Manchester are:

	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]
	#]

	Towns in the Greater Manchester (County) area include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. The High Peak towns of New Mills, ] and ], although close to the ] and, although they are part of ], and do not therefore fall within the boundaries of Greater Manchester County, they are often considered as part of the Manchester metropolitan area.

	Whilst the county does not have its own tier of government, there are some functions of government organised at the county level.

	====County-wide functions====
	Law enforcement is carried out by ]. Fire protection is carried out by ]. Public transport is organised by the ] (GMPTE). There is also the ].

	=====Law enforcement=====
	Greater Manchester is policed by the ], who have their headquarters at Chester House in Trafford. The main police station in central Manchester is at Bootle Street, near to ]. There are other stations in ],], ], ] and ]. Manchester’s railways are policed by the nationwide ].

	Manchester used to have its own police service until 1974, when its force and the lower divisions of ] merged to from the Greater Manchester Police. Each of the 10 metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester has a Division within the county force.

	===]===
	*{{flagicon\|Netherlands}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|Germany}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|Spain}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|Pakistan}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|Israel}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|Russia}} ] — ]
	*{{flagicon\|China}} ] — ]

	==Economy==

	Manchester has a large number of office buildings, and its ] is currently located in the centre of the city, adjacent to Piccadilly, focused on Mosley Street, Deansgate, King Street and Piccadilly. However, new office space is appearing at a rapid pace throughout the city, as its reputation as a high quality European Business Centre increases. Spinningfields is a large new development on land west of Deansgate, which will be a large, modern business centre, and home to several headquarters, squares and cafes. The first building to be produced on the site was the ]'s new headquarters on Deansgate. The project is being spear-headed by ]. Other buildings include a 110 metre tall office building, a new justice centre and new ], to be built over the next few years.

	Just outside the city centre, a new business district is appearing in ], regenerated ex-shipping docks similar to London's ], and is home to headquarters and ] for many major companies. The recent announcement (June 2006) of the relocation of several ] departments to the Quays from London is sure to further expand the area as Greater Manchester's second major ].

	===Shopping===
	Manchester is the main retail centre of the ]. There are two large ]; the ] in the middle of the city and the out-of-town ]. The city centre has a number of smaller shopping centres, including ], which caters for a more youthful and upmarket clientele and the ]. Manchester also has one of the largest ] supercentres in the UK, close to the ] in Eastlands.

	In the central shopping area of the city centre, road access is all but impossible, making journeys around the city on foot quicker, safer and more convenient. The pedestrianised ] forms the core of the city centre's retail area. It is dominated on the north side by the Manchester Arndale and a branch of ].

	The Shambles contains a branch of ], a ] store, and a branch of ], as well as a variety of upmarket designer ].

	] also has many shops, including the department store ] (formerly Kendals), along with ]s and bars. ] is an affluent shopping area where many exclusive fashion brands have stores. King Street also has many notable buildings preserved in a conservation area. Other hubs in the centre include St Ann's Square, and ].

	Former stores, since gone, include ], Henry's, and Affleck and Brown. The building that housed the latter is now known as ]. It consists of low-cost stalls for independent traders and creatives. Affleck’s is located on ], in the ], along with a range of independent music, clothing and other shops.

	===Food and drink===
	Manchester has a vibrant and exciting range of restaurants, bars and clubs, spanning the famous "curry mile" in ] to traditional ‘grub’, ], modern bars and bistros at Deansgate Locks in the city centre. There are now many top class restaurants.

	There is a ], chain restaurants such as ] and bars that include Waxy O’Connors and The Living Room. The coffee chain ] has 12 outlets in a 2 mile radius. Other, independent restaurants, bars and clubs can be found in the ] area of the city centre.

	Regional favourites include the ]. The traditional pie capital of the UK is supposedly at the heart of ], 15 miles outside the city.

	Manchester is also famous for its beer, despite the closure of the ] brewery in 2005. ] 'Boddies' is brewed by Interbrew in Luton but ] Boddington's continues to be brewed in the city by ] brewery in ]. Hydes is itself a long established independent brewery. Another Manchester brewer is ], whose Derby Brewery in ] is just round the corner from the defunct Boddingtons Strangeways brewery. The Royal Brewery in Moss Side — not far from Hyde's — brews ] lager. ] brewery is in ], a few miles north of the city. There are also a notable number of ] producing smaller quantities of high quality ], ] and ].

	Breweries in Manchester and Salford which closed within the last twenty years include ], whose ] brewery closed in the late 1980's, and ] in Salford.

	==Education==
	].]]
	].]]

	===Universities===
	Manchester is also home to three major ]: The ] and ] are to the south of the city. The former is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in Britain, and was created in autumn 2004 by the merger of ] and ]. Two miles to the west of the city centre in nearby ] is the ].

	With the ], the ] and University Centre Oldham all nearby, Greater Manchester has a total student population of over 100,000.
	The ], ] and the ] are all grouped together on the southern side of the city centre, and effectively form one large campus around Oxford Road.

	===Schools===
	The ] (MGS) is an independent boys' school (ages 11-18) in Fallowfield, South Manchester. In the post-war period, it was a direct-grant grammar school which was not fee-paying, but it became an independent school in 1976 after the Labour government removed funding from direct-grant grammar schools. Originally situated in the centre of the city, in a prominent position close to the Cathedral, it has since relocated to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, to accommodate the growing student body. Its previous premises are now used by ].

	==Transport and infrastructure==
	Manchester is very well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. The roads of Manchester are some of the most extensive in the UK and statistically ] has a higher percentage of the motorway network than anywhere else in the country. Mancunians are often adventureous, with high sales of tickets to international and national destinations with most travelling from ]. The ] was the first passenger railway in the world. Today, Greater Manchester still has an extensive citywide railway network, and two mainline stations.

	Other forms of ] in Manchester are the famous ] which are reasonably priced compared to other ] and there are plenty of ]s. You can also call for a minicab direct to your location, with many firms providing this service. The biggest in Manchester is Street Cars which is also the name of the taxi firm in ].

	===Air===
	], formerly Manchester Ringway Airport, is the third busiest airport in the UK in terms of passengers per year<ref>The busier airports are ] and ].</ref> and is served by ]. In 2005 the airport handled 22.1 million passengers and provided direct flights to over 180 destinations worldwide by over 90 airlines. Long haul scheduled destinations served directly from Manchester include ] ( ] and ] ), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (starting Spring 2006), ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and (resuming in 2006), ]. There are also firm plans for direct services to ] and ]. Many European and domestic destinations are served. Manchester to London is the only high density airline route within England and is one of the busiest domestic sectors in Europe providing serious competition for the railways.

	The airport has been voted the best airport in the UK by ] Consumer Magazine, Travel Weekly Globe, Business Magazines International and in the Airport World’s Service Excellence Awards (European runner up, second only to ]).

	], one of the world's oldest airports, is still in operation. It is a very busy heliport and has small grass runways which deal with small aircraft. It also has the world's oldest operating control tower.

	===Road===
	Manchester like ] has a ], the ]. Unlike London the ] actually runs within the Greater Manchester conurbation providing good links, rather than around the conurbation as the M25 (London) does. It has 27 junctions, numbered consecutively clockwise, starting with Junction 1 at ].
	The main motorways serving Manchester are the ], ], ], ] and ] ]s. Most of these routes link onto the ].

	].]]

	===Rail===
	Manchester holds a pivotal position in ] history as a birthplace of passenger rail travel on the ], which opened in 1830 after the famous ] chose ] to pull the trains. In just 50 years the city centre was encircled by stations and termini, including ], (now ]), ], ], ] and ]. Following the ] in the 1960s, cutbacks followed, with ], ] and ] closing to passengers. All rail services were then directed to ] and ]. High speed trains to ] are run from Manchester Piccadilly by ], journeys typically taking around 2 hr 15 min. There are also several smaller stations remaining around the ], including ], ] and ].

	Although there is no ] system similar to Glasgow's or London's, the city has had several failed attempts to create one including the infamous "Picc-Vicc", a heavy rail tunnel linking the main stations. Excavation work under the ] for this project began in the 1970s, but was soon abandoned due to costs and rumours of 'subterranean obstacles'. This may well have referred to the '' underground nuclear bunker network, originally constructed by as a means of protecting communications in the city in the event of an atom bomb being deployed and now used by ].

	The urban and suburban areas are covered by a sizeable network of rail lines, including lines to ], ], ], ] and ].

	===Metrolink===
	] tram in Manchester city centre.]]

	Manchester has a ] system called ]. Operated by ], the Metrolink links the city centre to ], ] and ]. It is a high-frequency service, with trams running every 6–12 minutes. It carries nearly 20 million passengers each year.

	Plans to extend Manchester Metrolink were reinstated after an election-time ] by the Labour Government which had previously rejected the plans months earlier, despite years of support. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (]), responsible for public transport in the area, led the fight to ensure that the extensions are to be built, with significant support from Local Councils and Communities, as well as the main ]. <ref>"", Manchester City Council, ] ]; Retrieved ] ].</ref> In July 2006 the government announced a major extension to the Metrolink system which is intended to form the first phase of the eventual so-called 'big bang' expansion. If the eventual desired system is completed, passenger numbers are predicted to more than double to an estimated 50 million per year.

	A widely held view of many in Manchester of one of the major failings of the Metrolink is that it has never been extended to reach the ] (approx. 5 miles away in Trafford Park), with a wide possibility of routes for this task. The line from Manchester City Centre to ] Town Centre is also judged by many to be a failure as it takes longer than an equivalent ] journey following a similar route, but achieves this without the Metrolink's advantage of using 'Metrolink-only' specially dedicated / constructed routes.

	Since Metrolink's inception and the initial euphoria at the huge success, by the public / local & national government / environmental groups it has become something of a victim of its own popularity. Many routes are extremely busy, especially at ], and prices have risen at a rate far above that of ].

	'''Warning:''' If you wish to take a trip on the ] you must purchase a ticket ''before'' the journey, from a ticket machine on one of the platforms. These ticket machines do not accept ]s or ]s, and many (half) do not accept ]s despite the high cost of some routes. You must therefore ensure that you have plenty of coins (£2, £1, 50p, 20p, 10p) before travelling. However, if you have a valid train ticket which specifies a Metrolink station or "Manchester Central Zone (CTRZ)" as your destination for that day, you can use this to ride ] to certain stops without needing to purchase an additional ticket.

	===Buses===
	Manchester and the surrounding area have an extensive bus network, with regular services in and out of the city connecting to all the satellite towns and villages. Maps of bus routes and a public transport journey planner for the Greater Manchester can be found on the .

	The city’s buses are operated by a range of companies including ], ] (incorporating the lower-cost ]), ], UK North (also trading as GM Buses), ] and R. Bullock. The major routes, with high passenger volumes, are well provided-for. These include Oxford Road/], one of the busiest bus routes in Europe, bringing large numbers of students & commuters from ] / ] / ] to the university buildings that have campuses scattered around the city centre, and the various office buildings — including the ]. Other routes that are not as commercially attractive, with smaller passenger volumes, are less well provided for, and the cost of a single journey can be similar to that of a Week Pass for the "South Manchester" journey.

	First Manchester also operates free ] services which link important areas of the city, such as ], ] and ] stations with Chinatown, Deansgate, ], and Albert Square. These services are very successful and therefore often busy. At present, there are three routes, numbered 1, 2 and 3, and coloured orange, green and purple respectively. They run every 5-10 minutes and complement the Metrolink and National Rail services, linking them with the city’s car parks, tourist attractions and bus termini.

	Those arriving at ], and needing to take a ] from ], can choose either a ] or the free ]. It should be noted, however, that if one sits waiting on the ] for 10 minutes one could have easily walked the distance to the ], less than 1/2 mile away.

	High frequency ] routes include the ]-Manchester 135 service and the ]-Manchester 8 service, which operate every ten minutes.

	Manchester's principal bus station mainly for services on the south side of the city is at ], which is also served by ] and a short walk from the city's main train station, ]. Shudehill Bus/Metrolink Interchange caters for routes mainly on the north side of the city and is within walking distance of the ]. Long-distance coaches — operated mainly by National Express — serve the Manchester Central Coach Station at Chorlton Street. This smart, modern station opened in March 2002 and replaced the old Chorlton Street coach station, on exactly the same site. The old station was notorious for crime and prostitution.

	===Water===
	].]]
	One legacy of the industrial revolution is an extensive network of ]s: the ], ], ], which provides access to the sea, ], ], and the Leigh Branch of the ]. Today, most of these canals are used for recreation.

	The Manchester area is supplied with water by numerous artificial lakes, built on the former small rivers around the city. In some cases these lakes form long chains, as in ].
	In the past, the city also had a "pressurised water" power supply system, a predecessor of the modern electricity network. Manchester also had Britain's first sewer network, which still exists today. This network may be one of the factors that prevents Manchester from having an underground rail system.

	==Culture==
	===Nightlife===
	There has always been a thriving ] culture in Manchester.
	UK broadcaster ] is credited as becoming the first modern ] by using twin turntables for continuous play after he obtained two domestic record decks welded together. He first used this device to play to the public in 1946, at a nightclub called The Ritz on Whitworth Street (which had opened in 1927). Tony Prince is credited as becoming the world's first full-time club DJ in 1964 when Savile, who was then a Mecca manager in Manchester, told him that ] considered him to be the first person to be on their payroll as a pure DJ.

	Many ] of the 1960s developed a love for ], which had as two of its epicentres the ] and Manchester's ], and is credited as being instrumental in the development of the ].

	], members of ] (the band formed from the remaining members of ] after singer ]' suicide) and ] boss ] opened Fac 51 ] on Whitworth Street in 1982. It quickly became the focus of ] and the start of ], the ] sound, and the ] scene, which all came together in the ] in 1988. The Hacienda was also at the setting of the 2002 movie ].

	Other historical clubs and nights in Manchester include
	*"Naked under leather" — one of the UK birthplaces of ].
	*"The Number One" — the first ] ]/house club.
	*"Bowlers" — home of ].
	*"Paradise Factory" and "The Breakfast Club" at Manto.
	*"]".
	*"Home".
	*"Flesh".
	*"Homoelectric".
	*"Danceteria".

	One of the oldest and most diverse venues is the ], a live music venue in the ] area of the city. This venue was built around 1862 as the flagship pub of a local brewery; it was originally called The George & Dragon. It got its nickname in the late 1920s or early 1930s from the stage high on the back wall. In 1975 it was taken on by jazz musician Steve Morris and his business partner Frank Cusick, and renamed The Band on the Wall.

	====Further reading====
	*Simon Reynolds ''Energy Flash: Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture'' Picador, 1998, ISBN 0330350560.
	*Sean Bidder ''The Rough Guide to House Music'', Rough Guides, 1999, ISBN 1858284325.
	*Dave Haslam ''Madchester, England'' Fourth Estate, 2000, ISBN 1841151467.
	*Mick Middles ''From "Joy Division" to "New Order": The True Story of Anthony H.Wilson and Factory Records'' Virgin Books, 2000, ISBN 0753506386.
	*Bill Brewster & Frank Broughton ''Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey'', Grove Press, 2000, ISBN 0802136885.
	*Dave Haslam ''Adventures on the Wheels of Steel: The Rise of the Superstar DJs'' Fourth Estate, 2002, ISBN 1841154334.
	*Sean Bidder ''Pump Up the Volume: A History of House Music'', MacMillan, 2002, ISBN 0752219863.
	*Tony Wilson ''24-hour Party People'' Channel 4 Books, 2002, ISBN 075222025X.
	*Keith Rylatt, Phil Scott ''CENtral 1179: The Story of Manchester's Twisted Wheel Club'' BeCool Publishing 2001 ISBN 0953662632

	===Art===
	].]]
	There are many ] in Greater Manchester, notably:
	* ] in ] (Salford), which houses works by the ] painter ]
	* ]
	* ] (Salford)
	* ]
	* The ]
	* The ]
	* ]
	* The ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	===Museums===
	].]]

	Museums in Manchester include:
	*
	* ] (Trafford Park)
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ], a museum of city life
	* ]

	===Classical music===
	Manchester is home to two ]s, the ] and the ]. There is also a ], the ].

	For many years the city’s main classical venue was the ] on Peter Street. Since 1996, however, Manchester has had a modern 2,500 seat concert venue called the ], which is also home to the Hallé Orchestra. The hall is one of the country’s most technically advanced classical music and lecture venues, with an acoustically designed interior and suspended foundations for an optimum sound. Other venues for classical concerts include the ], the ] and ].

	Manchester is a centre for musical education, being home to the ] and ].

	In the 1950s the city was home to the so-called ‘Manchester School’ of classical composers, which comprised ], ] and ].

	===Popular music===
	{{main\|History of popular music in Manchester}}

	<!-- No Fair Use rationale, image removed ] ], who comes from Manchester.]]-->

	For Mancunians, the popular musical heritage of the city has always been a source of great pride. The city’s eclectic mix of music has created the sense among its inhabitants that Manchester is the most important city in world music.

	Local groups and bands have included:
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	**(the previous three on local label ])
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	As well as "]" scene bands:
	*]
	*]
	*The ]
	*]
	*]

	] (from southern England) formed in Manchester. Also, ex-] frontman ] has forged a successful solo career, as has ex-] leadman ].

	In 1965, on the ] ], a unique hat-trick of ]s took place in the ], all from Mancunian pop groups.] spent two weeks at the top with "I'm Telling You Now" (between ]–24), ] one week with "Game of Love" (]),and finally ] with "Mrs Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter", a further three weeks (]–22), a total of six weeks, an achievement never matched even in the ] ].

	Manchester’s main popular music venue is the ], situated next to ], which seats over 21,000 and is the largest arena of its type in ], voted ''International Arena of the Year'', beating ]’s ]. Other major venues include the ] and the ]. The many smaller venues throughout the city, such as the Bierkeller, the Roadhouse and Night and Day Cafe, ensure that Manchester’s music scene is always vibrant and interesting.

	The famous American anti-war hippie ] from the late ], '']'', includes a song entitled "Manchester, England" though the mention of the city in the song's title is somewhat irrelevant and merely used as punctuation in the song's lyrics.

	{{seealso\|List of bands from Manchester}}

	===Literature===
	Famous writers from the Manchester area include ] and ], the author of '']''. ] lived in Manchester when he first came to England, and the city features prominently in his novel ''The Emigrants.'' ], the author of ], writes novels which take place in Manchester. ] was known to visit the city, and ] and ] are known to have found much to inspire their thoughts and writing when visiting the city during the ].

	Manchester is home to the ] Writers School, one of the top creative writing schools in the country. The Writer's Bureau — a private company set up to help new freelance writers through its home-study courses — also runs its offices from the city. Local poet and author Mike Duff has lived his entire life in the city; he is a passionate advocate of Manchester and its people.

	From October 2006 it is also home to the Manchester Literature Festival.

	===Theatre===
	Manchester is noted for its excellent theatres. Larger venues include ], a commercial theatre promoting large scale touring shows which regularly plays host to touring ] shows, the ] and the ], a large producing theatre located in Manchester’s former cotton exchange. The ] is a small producing theatre situated in the basement of the city’s central library and the ] is a large touring venue in Salford, and ], the Manchester Evening News-award winning theatre and music venue at Bloom Street, Salford.

	Smaller sites include the ], which focuses on fringe productions and ], a theatre for young people with a bold contemporary design. The Dancehouse is a theatre dedicated to dance productions. The city is also home to two highly-regarded drama schools; The ] School of Theatre and the Arden School of Theatre. In addition the Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM) has 4 theatre spaces especially noted for its opera and classical music productions.

	===Venues===
	].]]

	As well as many sporting venues Manchester has many venues for performances and conventions:
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]

	===Sport===
	Sport and especially football are an important part of Manchester culture. Two major ] clubs, ] and ], bear the city’s name. Manchester City play at the ], while Manchester United’s ] ground, the largest club football ground in England, is just outside the city proper in the borough of ].

	It is commonly perceived that Manchester City have more local support than United. However, research by Manchester University a few years ago showed that United had 9,000 season ticket holders within the 'M' postcode area whilst City had 7,000. The Manchester postal district includes the (strongly United supporting) city of Salford but also Prestwich and Whitefield (with one of the largest City supporters club's) and areas such as Denton, where the Blues also have strong support. This research was done before City moved to the (larger, 48,000 capacity) City Of Manchester stadium. And well before the expansion of United's Old Trafford which will accommodate 76,000 by summer 2006. The truth is that nobody knows for sure which team has the most local support and that the figures are probably too close to call. What is beyond doubt is that United's nationwide and international support far exceeds that of City, so City have larger local support as a proportion of their fan base.

	City and United are just two examples of local football teams: according to the ], Greater Manchester has the highest concentration of football clubs per capita of anywhere in the world. Other professional football teams in Greater Manchester include ], ], ], ], ] and ].

	Many first class sporting facilities were built for the 2002 ], including the ], the ], the ] and the ].

	] cricket ground, home of ], hosts many ] and important international matches including Test Matches.

	The Greater Manchester area is also represented in rugby union by ], who currently play their home games at Edgeley Park in ] and ]; and in Rugby League by ], who share the ] with ], ], who are currently in the process of constructing a new state-of-the-art stadium in Eccles, over the ] from the ], ] and ]. Manchester is also home to ] who play at Sedgley Park.

	] in ] is home to the ] speedway team and also hosts regular ].

	Manchester also has an ] team called the ] who are in the process of building an arena called the ]. The city was previously home to the ] ice hockey club who in 1997 played in front of the largest audience ever to watch an ice hockey game in the United Kingdom when 17,245 people saw the Storm defeat the ] 6-2 at the ].

	Manchester is a successful sporting city with many famous sporting people heralding from the city as well as from the surrounding area of ]. Manchester has also competed twice to host the ] being beaten by ] in 1996 and ] in 2000.

	It was announced in 2005 that various sporting arenas around the city will be used in the ].

	===Gay and lesbian===
	Manchester has the UK's largest gay population outside of London, and is renowned for its ]; centred around the ] area the gay village is home to various gay shops, restaurants, bars and clubs. On the last weekend in August it hosts the ] Festival (previously known as ] and Gayfest). Manchester’s gay culture was brought to mainstream attention in 1999 by the acclaimed and controversial ] drama series '']'', which was set in the village. It is also the birthplace of several gay rights organisations including the ] and the ]. Manchester has its own gay sports teams, Village Manchester FC (]), Northern Wave (]) and Village Spartans (]) which take part in Manchester's annual Pride Games. The year round exhibits Manchester’s gay history. Manchester’s claim to status of gay capital of the UK was strengthened in 2003 when it played host city to the annual ] festival. The Lesbian and Gay Foundation, Britain's biggest gay charity, is based in Princess Street in the city centre.

	==Media==
	===Television and radio===
	] franchisee ] has its original headquarters on Quay Street in the Castlefield area of the city. The city is where programmes including ] and many ] presentations are produced.

	The ] has its headquarters for the North West in New Broadcasting House on Oxford Road in the south of the city. Programmes including ], ] and ] are made here. Manchester is also the regional base for the ] North West Region so programmes like ''North West Tonight'' are produced here. The BBC intends to relocate large numbers of staff and facilities to Manchester or Salford from London, once a new, larger site has been selected. The Children's(]), Comedy, Sport (]) and New Media departments are all scheduled for a move from London to Manchester or Salford before 2010.

	Manchester has its own television channel, ], owned by the ] and operated since 2000. It has several local radio stations including ], ], ], ], ] , ], ] and ]. There is also a ] network coordinated by Radio Regen, and with stations covering the South Manchester communities of ], ] and ] (] 96.9) and ] (Wythenshawe FM 97.2)

	Several now defunct radio stations are much lamented including Sunset (which became) Kiss 102 (now Galaxy) and KFM which became Signal Cheshire (now ]). The latter three played a significant role in the city's emerging ] culture, also known as the ] scene, which was partly based around clubs like the ] which had its own show on Kiss 102. There were also scores of ], ] (currently consisting of Fuse FM at the ] and Shock FM at the University of Salford) and ] stations and initiatives in Manchester.

	BBC Radio Manchester, which became BBC GMR in 1988, returned to its former title in 2006.

	The character of ] in ] (the role which eventually made ] the highest-paid British actress on television) came from Manchester.

	===Film===
	Manchester is home to the Manchester film festival and has held the commonwealth film festival.

	Even ] has featured Manchester occasionally in its films. '']'', made in 1940, directed by ] and starring ] and ], is set in Manchester, and in ]'s all-star opus of 1932, '']'', most of ]'s dialogue seems to consist of him furiously shouting "Manchester!" throughout his entire part. Manchester over the years has shot many films from the ] blockbuster ] to ]'s ].

	{{Seealso\|Films set in Manchester}}

	===Magazines and newspapers===

	'']'' newspaper was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian''. Its head office is still in Manchester, though many of its management functions were moved to ] in 1964. It still shares a Manchester office on Deansgate with its sister publication, the '']'', Manchester’s biggest-selling daily paper now free within the city centre, and Greater Manchester's biggest-circulation newspaper, the free weekly Manchester Metro News. Other free commuting papers include ] North West, both of which are available from ] stops, rail stations and other busy locations across the city at rush-hour.

	For many years most of the national newspapers had important offices in Manchester: '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']''. Only '']'' remain based in Manchester. At its height 1,500 journalists were employed. But in the 1980s office closures began and today the "second Fleet Street" is no more. A late attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, ''North West Times'', floundered in the late 80s lasting just three months. Another attempt is soon to be made with the ], which will be Manchester based, and will provide a true "regional" newspaper for the ], much in the same vein as the '']'' does for ] or '']'' does for the ].

	There are several local lifestyle magazines, including 'Moving Manchester' amongst others.

	==Places of interest==
	===Architecture===
	] is an example of the ] found in Manchester and is the home of ].]]
	] Bank, on Spring Gardens.]]
	], a sculpture commemorating the ] in Manchester.]]

	] museum and garden]]
	], Manchester's tallest skyscraper]]

	Manchester has a wide variety of buildings mainly from ] through to modern. Much of the architecture in the city harks back to its former days as a global centre for the ] trade. Many warehouses have now been converted for other uses but the external appearance remains mostly unchanged so the city maintains much of its original character.

	Manchester also has a number of ]. Most were built during the sixties and seventies. However, in the last few years there has been a renewed interest in building ]. Numerous residential and office blocks are under construction or have recently been built in the city centre. ] is currently under construction. When completed it will be the tallest building in the ] outside London. However, this status may be short lived, an even taller building is proposed behind ].

	Other structures of interest in Manchester include:
	* The ], home of the ]
	* The ] (now the Triangle shopping centre)
	* The ] Centre
	* ], Deansgate
	* ]
	* ], St Peter’s Square, by ]
	* ] by ], extended by E. Vincent Harris
	* ] (now HSBC Bank plc), King Street by Sir ]
	* The ]
	* Piccadilly Gardens by ]
	* ]
	* The ]
	* The ]
	* ]
	* ] by Waterhouse
	* ]
	* Trinity Bridge over ] by ]
	* ]
	* The ]
	* ] designed by ]

	===Public monuments===
	Within Manchester there are monuments to numerous people and events that have helped to shape the city and influence the wider community. Two large squares, ], in front of ], and ] hold many of Manchester’s public monuments.

	Notable monuments elsewhere in the city include the ] situated in Sackville Park close to ] remembers the father of modern computing. A monument to ] in Lincoln Square marks the ] of 1861–1865. Finally, the success of the 2002 Commonwealth Games is commemorated by '']'', Britain’s tallest sculpture, located near the City of Manchester Stadium.

	===Streets and plazas===
	Manchester has a number of busy squares, plazas and shopping streets. Many of Manchester city centre's streets are now pedestrianised with numerous other streets having ] or Bus priority, this makes driving around Manchester City Centre complicated. One of the oldest thoroughfares is ]. This was originally called ''Market Stede Lane''. Much of the ] street pattern, around the original Market Place was cleared as part of 1970s developments. Ancient streets such as Smithy Door were lost forever. One ancient street to survive is Long Millgate, which led north from the old Market Place. This winding lane, crossing Fennel Street and leading on to Todd Street (formerly Toad Lane - thought to be a corruption of T'owd Lane - Old Lane) is now an attractive and peaceful thoroughfare, bounded by gardens.
	Whitworth Street is a broad ] route, stretching from ] to London Road, running parallel to the ] for much of its route, and intersecting with Princess Street, Chepstow Street and Albion Street along the way.
	The street is bounded by impressive brick buildings, formerly warehouses, but now mostly residential developments.
	Mosley Street runs roughly parallel to Portland Street, Whitworth Street and Deansgate, leading from Piccadilly Gardens to ]. The street is closed to general traffic, with the ] running trams along its route.
	Another ] addition to the city's street pattern was Corporation Street, which cut through slums to the north of Market Street and provided a direct link from Cross Street (and the newly constructed ]) to the routes north of the city.

	To the south of the city centre, ] is the hub of much student life and is home to Manchester’s ].

	Other notable places in Manchester include:
	*Great Northern Square
	*Spring Gardens
	*Cathedral Gardens
	*New Cathedral Street
	*The Gay Village
	*] — the largest ] in the UK and the second largest in Europe

	==Religion==
	The ] was established in 1847. Manchester lies within the ] '''Diocese of Salford''' . Manchester is in the ] of the ]. Manchester also has a large ] population and the UK's largest ]ish community outside London.

	Manchester has also has an ] ], St George's Cathedral. It was built over a period of 600 years and is built in the Gothic Style.
	*See also: ]

	==Foreign consulates and commissions==
	Manchester and its conurbation are home to a number of foreign ] and commissions:
	*{{flagicon\|Australia}} — ]n Consulate: Chatsworth House, Lever Street, Manchester M1 2QL Tel: 0161 228 1344 Fax: 0161 236 4074
	*{{flagicon\|Bangladesh}} — High Commission People's Republic of ]
	*{{flagicon\|Belgium}} — Consulate of ] : 76 Moss Lane Bramhall, Stockport, SK7 1EJ, Tel. 0161 439 5999
	*{{flagicon\|China}} — Consulate General of The ]: Denison House, Denison Road, Rusholme, Manchester M14
	*{{flagicon\|Denmark}} — Trade Office of ]: 4th Floor, Arkwright House, Parsonage Gardens, Manchester M3
	*{{flagicon\|France}} — Trade Commission of ]: 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1
	*{{flagicon\|France}} — Consulate of ]: Davis Blank Furniss, 90 Deansgate, Manchester M3 2QJ Tel. 0161 832 3304
	*{{flagicon\|Germany}} — Consulate General of ]: Westminster House, 11 Portland Street, Manchester, M60 1HY, Tel. 0161 237 5255
	*{{flagicon\|Ireland}} — Trade Board of ]: 56 Oxford Street, Manchester M1
	*{{flagicon\|Italy}} — Consulate of ]: Rodwell Tower, 111 Piccadilly, Manchester M1
	*{{flagicon\|Monaco}} — Consulate of ]: Dene Manor, Dene Park, Manchester M20
	*{{flagicon\|Netherlands}} — The Royal Consulate of ]: 123 Deansgate, Manchester M3
	*{{flagicon\|Pakistan}} — Vice-consulate of ]: 4th Floor Hilton House, 26/28 Hilton Street, Manchester M1.
	*{{flagicon\|Spain}} — Consulate General of ]: 1a Brook House, 70 Spring Gardens, Manchester M2 2BQ
	*{{flagicon\|Switzerland}} — Consulate General of ]: 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1

	In addition, the ] maintains a headquarters building in the city centre.

	==Photo Gallery==
	<gallery>
	Image:Manchester_staduim.jpg\|]
	Image:Manchester Exchange Squares.jpg\|]
	Image:Manchester Piccadilly station approach - April 11 2005.jpg\|]
	Image:Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester.jpg\|]
	Image:2004-10-09 Royal Exchange.jpg\|]
	Image:Manc St Peters Square.jpg\|]
	Image:Piccadilly-plaza.JPG\|Piccadilly Plaza
	Image:Piccadilly-gardens.JPG\|]
	Image:CIS Tower.jpg\|]
	Image:2004-10-09 Manchester Cathedral.jpg\|]
	Image:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg\|]
	Image:UrbisManchester20051020 CopyrightKaihsuTai.jpg\|]
	Image:2004-10-09 MOSI.jpg\|]
	Image:ImperialWarMuseumNorth01.jpg\|]
	Image:Beetham Tower Manchester April 2006.jpg\|]
	</gallery>

	==See also==

	*]
	*] (1967)
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*] (1985)
	*]
	*]

	==References==
	===Print===
	*Manchester architecture
	**''Manchester''. Clare Hartwell. Pevsner Architectural Guides ISBN 0300096666
	**''Manchester: A guide to recent architecture''. David Hands and Sarah Parker. Ellipsis. ISBN 1899858776
	**''Manchester — an Architectural History'' John Parkinson Bailey. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719056063
	*General
	**''The City Life Guide to Manchester: 6th edition''. ISBN 0954446070
	**''The Mancunian Way'' Published by Clinamen Press ISBN 1903083818
	**''Manchester — a Celebration''. ]. André Deutsch Limited, London. ISBN 0233988165
	**''Victorian Manchester & Salford''. Published in 1988 by Ryburn Publishing Limited. ISBN 1853310069
	*Manchester culture
	**''Morrissey's Manchester: The Essential Smiths Tour'' Phil Gatenby ISBN 1901746283
	**''Manchester, England. The story of the pop cult city''. Dave Haslam ISBN 1841151467
	**''And God Created Manchester''. Sarah Champion. Wordsmith. ISBN 1873205015
	**''The Hacienda Must be Built''. Edited by Jon Savage. International Music Publications ISBN 0863598579
	**''Shake, Rattle and Rain — Popular Music in Manchester 1955-1995''. CP Lee ISBN 1843820498
	**''Like The Night — Bob Dylan and the road to the Manchester Free Trade Hall''. ] ISBN 1900924331
	===Online===
	*
	*

	==Notes==

	<div class="references-small">
	<!-- Dead note "population": {{cite web \| title=Quinary age groups and sex for local authorities in England and Wales; estimated resident population; Mid-2004 Population Estimates \| work=National Statistics Online\| url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9090&More=Y 2004 estimates \| accessdate=November 2 \| accessyear=2005}} -->
	<!-- Dead note "secondcity": {{cite web \| title=Manchester 'England's Second City' \| work=MORI \| url=http://www.mori.com/polls/2002/manchester.shtml \| accessdate=November 2 \| accessyear=2005}} -->
	'Manchester's Official Tourist Board' \| work=MORI \| url=http://www.visitmanchester.com\|
	<references />
	<!-- Dead note "gmex": This has since been converted into the Greater Manchester Exhibition Centre, better known as ]. -->
	<!-- Dead note "skyscraper": Defined as a habitable building of whose height is at least 150m. -->

	</div>

	==External links==
	{{sisterlinks\|Manchester}}
	*
	* — Official tourist board for Greater Manchester.
	* — The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities
	*{{wikitravel}}

	{{Greater Manchester}}
	{{NW_England}}
	{{English Cities}}

	<!--Please leave it there. It would be nice if the number of cities in the category could stay at the nice round number of 50, instead of falling to 49 every few weeks-->

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Revision as of 10:27, 21 July 2006

Fictional character

Gwenno
'Ultima' character
First game	Ultima II

Gwenllian Gwalch'gaeaf, or Gwenno, is a fictional character in the Ultima computer game series. She first appears in Ultima II, re-appears in Ultima IV and after that throughout the entire series.

Gwenno is a woman with diverse talent. She's an entertainer, and wrote the lyrics for the famous song "Stones", which was composed by her husband Iolo. She's also a scholar and explorer.

Gwenno's character is based on Kathleen Jones, David R. Watson's wife.

Template:Spoiler

In Ultima II, Gwenno and Iolo can be seen together in the town of New San Antonio, enclosed within walls reading "Iolo" and "Gwen".

In Ultima IV, Gwenno appears in Britain (though her name is spelled "Gweno" in the original game), entertaining children along with Iolo.

In Ultima VI, Gwenno is one of the potential party members.

Gwenno does not appear in Ultima VII: Black Gate, but she has left a letter for Iolo where she says she has left to explore the Serpent Isle.

Gwenno plays major role in Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle. She was first found dead, buried in Gwani burial caves in the far north. Once resurrected, she was discovered to be possessed by the Bane of Wantonness. Once cured of that, she continued her research in the Monk Isle, greatly helping the Avatar and the Companions.

Gwenno has returned to Britannia in Ultima IX; she lives near Britain with Iolo.

Template:UltimaCompanions Template:Cvg-char-stub

Category:

Ultima characters