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Daisaku Ikeda
President of Soka Gakkai International
Incumbent
Assumed office 26 January 1975
Honorary President of Soka Gakkai
Incumbent
Assumed office 24 April 1979
3rd President of Soka Gakkai
In office 3 May 1960 – 23 April 1979
Preceded by	Jōsei Toda
Succeeded by	Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩)
Personal details
Born	died date unknown 2013 (1928-01-02) 2 January 1928 (age 96) Ōta, Tokyo, Japan
Died	died date unknown 2013
Resting place	died date unknown 2013
Spouse	Kaneko Ikeda (池田香峯子)
Children	Hiromasa Ikeda (池田博正) Takahiro Ikeda (池田尊弘) Official Website
Parent	died date unknown 2013
Alma mater	Fuji Junior College (present-day Tokyo Fuji University)

Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, Ikeda Daisaku, born January 2, 1928, Japan) is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and anti-nuclear activist. He served as the third president of the Soka Gakkai, the largest of Japan's new religious movements. Ikeda is the founding president of the Soka Gakkai International (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization, with approximately 12 million Nichiren Buddhist practitioners in 192 countries and regions. Ikeda was described in 1996 by the Los Angeles Times as a "puzzle of conflicting perceptions," ranging from "Japan’s most powerful man" to a "threat to democracy;" an "inspired teacher" to a "man of deep learning." It also wrote that "Japan is home to a frenzied anti-Ikeda industry, where tabloid coverage has affected his public image and blurred the lines between suspicion and fact, imagination and reality."

Biography

Early life

Ikeda was born the fifth son of seaweed farmers in Ōta, Tokyo. His four older brothers fought in World War II, during which the eldest, Kiichi, was killed in action and his familyʼs home destroyed.

Initial involvement with the Soka Gakkai

In August 1947, Ikeda met Josei Toda at a Soka Gakkai discussion meeting and joined the organization that month. In March 1948, Ikeda graduated from Toyo Trade School, and the following month entered the night school extension of Taisei Gakuin (present-day Tokyo Fuji University) where he majored in political science. Over the next few years, he worked for various Toda-owned enterprises, particularly Nihon Shogakkan, a publishing house where Ikeda served as editor of a children’s magazine.

Ikeda was a charter member of the Soka Gakkai's Youth Division and appointed its chief of staff in 1954.

In 1952, Ikeda was one of the leaders in harassing Nichiren Shōshū priest Jimon Ogasawara. During the war, Ogasawara had allegedly cooperated with the authorities against Soka Gakkai's founder Tsunesaburō Makiguchi, who had died, imprisoned, before the end of the war. Ikeda and Toda headed a group of 4,000 men belonging to the Youth Division to the Taiseki-ji, the Nichiren Shōshū head temple. When Ogasawara initially refused to apologize, the men tore off his vestments and tagged him with a placard reading "racoon monk." He was then forcibly carried to Makiguchi's grave, where he was made to sign a written apology.

In April 1957, a group of Young Men’s Division members who were campaigning for a Soka Gakkai electoral candidate were arrested for allegedly distributing money, cigarettes and candies at supporters’ residences. Ikeda was later arrested in Osaka in his capacity as Soka Gakkai Youth Division Chief of Staff for allegedly overseeing these activities. Ikeda spent two weeks in jail and was cleared of all charges in January 1962.

Ikeda regarded Toda as his spiritual mentor and writes that he influenced him through "the profound compassion that characterized each of his interactions."

Presidency after Toda

After Toda's death in 1958, Ikeda succeeded his mentor to become the third president of the Soka Gakkai in 1960, after which he began to travel abroad to expand the Soka Gakkai movement. The expansion of the Soka Gakkai was, in Ikeda’s words, "Toda’s will for the future." With his assumption of the Soka Gakkai presidency, Ikeda "continued the task begun by Makiguchi of fusing the ideas and principles of educational pragmatism with the elements of Buddhist doctrine."

While Soka Gakkai saw its most dramatic growth after the World War II under the leadership of Toda, Ikeda led the international growth of the Soka Gakai and turned it into what is considered the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world. He reformed many of the organizations more controversial practices, such as the aggressive and sometimes forced conversions (shakubuku (折伏)) the group was known for in Japan and did much to improve the organization's public image, though it was still sometimes viewed with suspicion in Japan.

By the 1970s Ikeda's leadership had expanded the Soka Gakkai into an international lay Buddhist movement increasingly active in peace, cultural and educational activities and shifted the organization away from "a very rigid fundamentalistic and evangelical stance." For example, in September, 1974, Ikeda visited the former Soviet Union, and met with the premier, Aleksey N. Kosygin, on September 17 of that year. "We must abandon the very idea of war," said Kosygin. "It is meaningless. If we stop preparing for war and prepare instead for peace, we can produce food instead of armaments." He asked Ikeda, "Mr. Ikeda, what is your basic ideology?" Ikeda replied, "I believe in peace, culture and education -- the underlying basis of which is humanism." "I have a high regard for those values," Kosygin said. "We need to realize them here in the Soviet Union as well." Ikeda visited with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1975 to "urge the de-escalation of nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union."

In 1975, at an international meeting of Soka Gakkai representatives held in Guam, the Soka Gakkai International (SGI) was formed to support overseas members. Ikeda took a leading role in this development and became founding president of the SGI.

Resignation from Soka Gakkai presidency

In 1979, Ikeda resigned as the president of Soka Gakkai, accepting responsibility for the organization's purported deviation from Nichiren Shōshū doctrines and accompanying conflict with the priesthood. Nichiren Shōshū was the Buddhist denomination to which Soka Gakkai had belonged since its founding, but the relationship between the two was often strained. Hiroshi Hojo succeeded Ikeda as the Soka Gakkai president, and Ikeda remained president of the SGI. Ikeda was also made honorary president of the Soka Gakkai.

Ikeda and the Soka Gakkai was excommunicated by Nichiren Shoshu on November 28, 1991 and on August 11, 1992. Following the group's excommunication, Soka Gakkai members began to describe their group as Buddhism's first Protestant movement.

Under Ikeda's leadership, SGI has developed as a broad-based grassroots peace movement around the world. He has fostered among SGI members a strong ethos of responsibility for the society with global citizenship spirit.

Accomplishments

Ikeda has founded several institutions, including Soka University in Japan and Soka University of America; Soka primary to secondary schools in Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil and Singapore; the Victor Hugo House of Literature, in France; the International Committee of Artists for Peace in the US; the Min-On Concert Association in Japan; the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum in Japan; the Institute of Oriental Philosophy in Japan with offices in France, Hong Hong, India, Russia and the United Kingdom; and the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research in Japan and the United States; and the Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue.

In 1994, the Soka Gakkai collaborated with the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a United States-based Jewish human rights organization, to combat anti-Semitism in Japan. In an interview, Rabbi Abraham Cooper of the Simon Wiesenthal Center stated that the center “was getting nowhere” after reaching out to the Japanese media about Japanese anti-Semitism. “The truth is, the only partners we found to help us bring our concerns to the Japanese public were the people from Soka University under the leadership of Daisaku Ikeda,” he said. That connection led to a joint project with the Soka Gakkai to develop a Japanese version of the traveling Holocaust exhibition ‘The Courage to Remember’ that has been seen by more than two million people.

Ikeda has guided Soka Gakkai's support of, and involvement in, the New Komeito Party (Komeito), a Japanese political party which, as of 2007, is part of a governing coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan. He has supported the Earth Charter Initiative and a documentary film about the environment, A Quiet Revolution.

The "Gandhi, King, Ikeda: A Legacy of Building Peace" exhibition showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Ikeda. Lawrence Carter, an ordained Baptist minister and dean of the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College in Atlanta, initiated the annual Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builders prize as a way of extolling those whose actions for peace have cut across human boundaries. When a Shūkan Shinchō article criticized these aspects of the award, Carter wrote a protest to the tabloid:

"Controversy" is an inevitable partner of greatness. No one who challenges the established order is free of it. Gandhi had his detractors, as did Dr. King. Dr. Ikeda is no exception. Controversy camouflages the intense resistance of entrenched authority to conceding their special status and privilege. "Insults" are the weapons of the morally weak; "slander" is the tool of the spiritually bereft. Controversy is testament to the noble work of these three individuals in their respective societies.

The houses of representatives of Georgia, Missouri, Illinois, and the United States have passed resolutions that recognize the service and dedication of Daisaku Ikeda "who has dedicated his entire life to building peace and promoting human rights through education and cultural exchange with deep conviction in the shared humanity of our entire global family." The state of Missouri praised Ikeda and his value of "education and culture as the prerequisites for the creation of true peace in which the dignity and fundamental rights of all people are respected."

He is an honorary member of the Club of Rome.

International initiatives

Ikeda’s meetings with public figures have raised awareness of the SGI’s Buddhist movement in host countries, facilitated relationships with cultural and educational institutions he has founded, and lent support, for example, to SGI-sponsored traveling exhibits on global issues. These meetings and relationships have been described by some as citizen diplomacy for their contributions to diplomatic as well as intercultural ties between Japan and other countries.

Coverage in SGI publications suggests Ikeda's meetings and dialogues illustrate the SGI movement’s commitment to peace, environmental concerns and humanitarianism. Observers suggest the body of literature chronicling Ikeda’s more than 7,000 dialogues provides SGI members with a personal education and model of citizen diplomacy and, from a scholarly view, represents “a new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy.”

Ikeda’s first meeting with Nelson Mandela in 1990 led to SGI-sponsored anti-apartheid lectures, a traveling exhibit and student exchanges at the university level.

American Civil Rights pioneer Rosa Parks chose as her favorite photograph one of her meeting with Ikeda in 1993. She explained that:

I can’t think of a more important moment in my life. ... said this meeting, between the two of us, was very special for him. It was for me, too. In his concern for human rights, Dr. Ikeda is ahead of many people in this century. He is a calm spirit, a humble man, a man of great spiritual enlightenment. We met for about an hour and talked about my life and challenges concerning the youth in our countries. ... Our meeting can serve as a model for anyone. So the photograph of our first meeting is very important because it is history in the making.

Sino-Japanese relations

Ikeda made several visits to China and met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974. The visits led to the establishment of cultural exchanges of art, dance and music between China and Japan and opened academic exchanges between Chinese educational institutions and Soka University. Chinese media describe Ikeda as an early proponent of normalizing diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the 1970s, citing his 1968 proposal that drew condemnation by some and the interest of others including Zhou Enlai. It was said that Zhou Enlai entrusted Ikeda with ensuring that "Sino-Japanese friendship would continue for generations to come."

Since 1975 cultural exchanges have continued between the Min-On Concert Association, founded by Ikeda, and institutions including the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries. After Ikeda’s 1984 visit to China and meetings with public figures including Chinese Communist Party Leader Hu Yaobang and Deng Yingchao, an observer estimated that Ikeda’s 1968 proposal may have contributed to Japanese public sentiment on closer diplomatic ties with China and this cultivation of educational and cultural ties helped strengthen state relations.

Honorary doctorates and professorships

Ikeda received his 300th academic honor from the University of Massachusetts Boston on November 21, 2010. He has said that "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world."

Other awards

• United Nations Peace Award (1983, USA)
• Rosa Parks Humanitarian Award (1993, USA)
• International Tolerance Award from the Simon Wiesenthal Center (1993, Los Angeles, Calif.)
• Tagore Peace Award (1997, India)
• Rizal International Peace Award (1998, the Philippines) from the Knights of Rizal
• International Literary Award for Understanding and Friendship (2003, Beijing, China) from the China Literature Foundation and Chinese Writersʼ Association
• Jamnalal Bajaj Award (2005, India) for "Outstanding Contribution in Promotion of Gandhian Values Outside India by Individuals other than Indian Citizens"
• Order of Friendship (2008, Russia)
• Gold Medal for Peace with Justice from the Sydney Peace Foundation (2009, Australia)
• Indology Award (2011, India) for “outstanding contribution in the field of Indic research and Oriental wisdom” from Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
• Golden Heart Award (2012, the Philippines) from the Knights of Rizal

Personal life

Ikeda lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko (born 1932), whom he married on May 3, 1952. He has three sons, Hiromasa (born 1953; vice president of Soka Gakkai), Shirohisa (1955–1984), and Takahiro (born 1958).

Criticism

Ikeda and Soka Gakkai have been the frequent targets of allegations that the group fosters a cult of personality centered on Ikeda.

In 1984, British journalist and political commentator Polly Toynbee visited Ikeda at the invitation of the SGI. According to Peter Popham, writing about Tokyo architecture and culture, Ikeda "was hoping to tighten the public connection between himself and Polly Toynbee's famous grandfather, Arnold Toynbee, the prophet of the rise of the East." Polly Toynbeee wrote that she had never met "anyone who exudes such an aura of absolute power as Mr. Ikeda" and others she had talked to “felt they had been drawn into endorsing .” In The Guardian in May 1984, she wrote that she wished that her grandfather had not endorsed Choose Life: A Dialogue, his dialogue with Ikeda.

A 1995 San Francisco Chronicle article titled "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect" outlined charges in Japan of "heavy-handed fund raising and proselytizing , as well as intimidating its foes and trying to grab political power". It quotes Takashi Shokei, a professor at Meisei University, as describing Ikeda as "a power-hungry individual who intends to take control of the government and make Soka Gakkai the national religion"; the article describes a videotape made in 1993 of Ikeda "yelling and pounding on tables in anger and later railing against President Clinton for having refused to meet with him".

A 1995 Time article criticized Daisaku Ikeda and Soka Gakkai, claiming that "according to a member who was present" Ikeda, as "honorary president and unquestioned commander" of Soka Gakkai, had said of Komeito: "This time, not the next time, is going to be about winning or losing. We cannot hesitate. We must conquer the country with one stroke."

In 1999, The New York Times published an article on the uneasy rise of the New Komeito Party in Japan (funded largely by Ikeda and Soka Gakkai). In response, a letter to the editor by Alfred Balitzer offered a more sympathetic portrayal of Soka Gakkai.

Meetings with foreign leaders

Ikeda held multiple meetings with former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. Noriega repeatedly visited Taiseki-ji and hosted Ikeda on several visits to Panama. Both leaders praised each other's virtues in public statements. After a 1981 visit, Noriega named a scenic observation point on one of the Causeway Islands at the Pacific approach to the Panama Canal "Mirador Ikeda," and he presented Ikeda with the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Friends of Noriega and anonymous American sources have alleged that Ikeda provided him with several million dollars' worth of assistance during the worst part of Noriega's crisis in 1987 and 1988, though Soka Gakkai spokesmen have repeatedly denied this.

Ikeda also held meetings with Romanian General Secretary Nicolae Ceaușescu.

Books

Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism. His interests in photography, art, philosophy, poetry and music are reflected in his published works. In his essay collections and dialogues with political, cultural, and educational figures he discusses, among other topics: the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life, social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.

The 1976 publication of Choose Life: A Dialogue (in Japanese, Nijusseiki e no taiwa) is the published record of dialogues and correspondences that began in 1971 between Ikeda and British historian Arnold J. Toynbee about the “convergence of East and West” on contemporary as well as perennial topics ranging from the human condition to the role of religion and the future of human civilization. Toynbee’s 12-volume A Study of History had been translated into Japanese, which along with his lecture tours and periodical articles about social, moral and religious issues gained him popularity in Japan. To an expat’s letter critical of Toynbee’s association with Ikeda and Soka Gakkai, Toynbee wrote back: “I agree with Soka Gakkai on religion as the most important thing in human life, and on opposition to militarism and war." To another letter critical of Ikeda, Toynbee responded: “Mr. Ikeda’s personality is strong and dynamic and such characters are often controversial. My own feeling for Mr. Ikeda is one of great respect and sympathy.” As of 2012, the book had been translated and published in twenty-six languages.

Ikeda's many children's books have been animated into anime.

Human Revolution

Ikeda's most well-known publication is the novel The Human Revolution (Ningen Kakumei), which was serialized in the Gakkai's Seikyo Shimbun. In his preface to The Human Revolution, the author describes the book as a “novelized biography of my mentor, Josei Toda.” The author's official website, daisakuikeda.org, describes the book as an "historical novel portrays the development of the Soka Gakkai in Japan, from its rebirth in the post-World War II era to the last years of its second president, Josei Toda." In 1978, as the Gakkai entered a dispute with Nichiren Shoshu, the text of Human Revolution was altered in over 40 places. The author writes that "the original narrative has been edited to bring it into line with recent developments in the history of Nichiren Buddhism, with changes and deletions in the presentation of the material" in the preface to the 2004 edition of The Human Revolution.

Selected works

• A Dialogue Between East and West: Looking to a Human Revolution (Echoes and Reflections: The Selected Works of Daisaku Ikeda) with Ricardo Diez-Hochleitner, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1845116002 (Hardback), ISBN 978-1845116002 (Paperback)
• A Lifelong Quest for Peace with Linus Pauling (May 2000), Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1st edition, ISBN 978-0867202786 (Hardback), ISBN 0-86720-277-7 (Paperback); London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition 2008; ISBN 978-1845118891
• A Passage to Peace: Global Solutions from East and West with Nur Yalman, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2009; ISBN 9781845119225 (Hardback), ISBN 9781845119232 (Paperback)
• A Quest for Global Peace: Rotblat and Ikeda on War, Ethics, and the Nuclear Threat with Joseph Rotblat, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2006; ISBN 978-1845112790
• A Youthful Diary: One Man's Journey from the Beginning of Faith to Worldwide Leadership for Peace, Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press, 2006; ISBN 978-1932911190
• America Will Be!: Conversations on Hope, Freedom, and Democracy, with Vincent Harding, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2013; ISBN 978-1887917100
• Before It Is Too Late with Aurelio Peccei, (1985), Kodansha America, 1st edition, ISBN 978-0870117008; London and New York: I. B. Tauris Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845118884
• Buddhism: A Way of Values" with Lokesh Chandra, New Delhi: Eternal Ganges Press, 2009; ISBN 978-81-907191-2-4
• Buddhism: the First Millennium, (1977), Kodansha International, ISBN 9780870113215 (Hardback); Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, Reprint edition, 2009; ISBN 978-0977924530
• Choose Hope: Your Role in Waging Peace in the Nuclear Age with David Krieger, Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, 2002; ISBN 0-967-46976-7
• Choose Life: A Dialogue with Arnold J. Toynbee, Richard L. Gage (Editor), (1976), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0192152589; London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115951
• Choose Peace: A Dialogue Between Johan Galtung and Daisaku Ikeda with Johan Galtung, London: Pluto Press, 1999; ISBN 978-0745310404
• Compassionate Light in Asia with Jin Yong, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2013; ISBN 978-1848851986
• Creating Waldens: An East-West Conversation on the American Renaissance with Ronald A. Bosco and Joel Myerson, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2009; ISBN 978-1887917070
• Dawn After Dark with René Huyghe, (1991), Weatherhill, ISBN 9780834802384; London and New York: I. B. Tauris, Reprint edition, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115968
• Dialogue of World Citizens with Norman Cousins, (tentative translation from Japanese), Sekai shimin no taiwa, 世界市民の対話, Paperback edition, Tokyo, Japan: Seikyo Shimbunsha, 2000; ISBN 978-4412010772
• Discussions on Youth, Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press, 2010; ISBN 978-1-932911-93-0
• Embracing the Future, Tokyo: The Japan Times, 2008; ISBN 978-4-7890-1316-1
• Fighting for Peace, Berkeley, California: Creative Arts Book Company, 2004; ISBN 0-88739-618-6
• For the Sake of Peace: A Buddhist Perspective for the 21st Century, Santa Monica, California: Middleway Press, 2001; ISBN 978-0967469720
• Glass Children and Other Essays, Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1979; ISBN 0-87011-375-5
• Global Civilization: A Buddhist-Islamic Dialogue With Majid Tehranian, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1860648106
• Human Rights on the 21st Century with Austregesilo de Athayde, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2009; ISBN 978-1845119881
• Human Values in a Changing World: A Dialogue on the Social Role of Religion, with Bryan Wilson. Reprint edition. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2008; ISBN 978-1845115975
• Humanity at the Crossroads: An Intercultural Dialogue with Karan Singh, New Delhi: Oxford University Press India, 1988; ISBN 978-0195622157
• Into Full Flower: Making Peace Cultures Happen with Elise Boulding, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Dialogue Path Press, 2010; ISBN 978-1887917087
• Journey of Life: Selected Poems of Daisaku Ikeda, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2014; ISBN 9781780769691
• Kanta and the Deer (children's book), New York: Weatherhill, 1997; ISBN 978-0834804067
• 'La fuerza de la Esperanza; Reflexiones sobre la paz y los derechos humanos en el tercer milenio' (dialogue between Argentine Nobel Peace laureate Dr. Adolfo Pérez Esquivel and Daisaku Ikeda), Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores,2011; ISBN 9789500434126

Notes

1. In Japanese folklore, the tanuki or Japanese raccoon dog is regarded as a sly and deceptive being with shapeshifting powers. The word is still used in contemporary Japanese to refer to slyness and deception. See the definition of tanuki in Kōjien (2nd ed.): 他人を欺くこと。また、そのひと。

References

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18. Murata, Japan's new Buddhism: Murata, Japan's new Buddhism: ". . . young men to mob Ogasawara, says now that the incident was an act of kindness because the old priest, made to realize his apostasy, was grateful to Toda and Soka Gakkai and died a happy man"
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30. http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/peacebuild/friends/aleksey-n-kosygin.html Aleksey N. Kosygin--Advocate of Peace in the Midst of the Cold War
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145. Qtd. in McNeill 1989, pp272-273.
146. Qtd. in McNeill 1989, p273.
147. Goulah, Jason and Takao Ito. “Daisaku Ikeda’s Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and ‘Human Education’ in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship.” Curriculum Inquiry 42:1 (2012). p65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-873X.2011.00572.x
148. Educating kids through animated films, The Hindu
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150. ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (2004). The Human Revolution. Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press. ISBN 0-915678-77-2.
151. Daisaku Ikeda Website Committee, “The Human Revolution Vol. 1-6”
152. Wajō, Shichiri (1994). Ikeda Daisaku gensō no yabō: shōsetsu "Ningen kakumei" hihan (Shohan. ed.). Tokyo: Shin Nihon Shuppansha. pp. 212–3. ISBN 4406022309. 第四十七刷で四十余箇所にわたる改訂を行ってる。しかし奇異なことに、これだけの改訂を行いながら、第四十七刷は改訂版とされていない。・・・受付嬢は、こう断言した。「小説『人間革命』には改訂版はありません。定価が変わっているだけです。」

Further reading

• Seager, Richard: Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Sōka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhism. University of California Press, 2006.

External links

• Daisaku Ikeda's website
• SGI President page for Daisaku Ikeda
• Tricycle Magazine Interview, by Clark Strand, Winter 2008
• Lectures around the World

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• 1928 births
• Buddhist pacifists
• Japanese Buddhists
• Japanese pacifists
• Japanese writers
• Living people
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• Members of Sōka Gakkai
• Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Education
• Nichiren Buddhism
• Sōka Gakkai
• Recipients of the Order of Friendship
• Recipients of the Order of the Sun of Peru
• Recipients of the Order of Francisco de Miranda
• Nichiren Buddhists