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Revision as of 03:38, 6 April 2015
This is a list of Presidents of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has only intermittently been a republic – between 1973–1992 and from 2001 onwards – at other times being governed by a variety of kings, emirs, as well as mujahideen and Taliban leaders in the 1990s.
The present constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament. These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country's loya jirga in December 2003. However, they were seen by the interim administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan.
The former president Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of state in Afghanistan on December 7, 2004. The National Assembly is Afghanistan's national legislature. It is a bicameral body, composed of the House of the People and the House of the Elders. The current legislature was elected on September 18, 2005. The members of the Supreme Court were appointed by the president to form the judiciary. Together, this new system is to provide a new set of checks and balances that was unheard of in the country. Also, the system is quite new, implementation of which began only 2004, just after decades of war between different factions and warlords. The remnants of the warlords are almost non-existent. The United Nations and other governments and organizations play a vital role in rebuilding this new democracy's political environment.
Heads of state
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
# | Name | Born-Died | Took office | Left office | Political Party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
President of the Republic of Afghanistan | |||||||
1 | Mohammed Daoud Khan | File:Mohammed-Daoud-Khan.jpg | 1909–1978 | 17 July 1973 | 27 April 1978 | Independent (until 1976) | |
National Revolutionary Party | |||||||
Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of the Afghan Armed Forces | |||||||
2 | Abdul Qadir Dagarwal | 1944–2014 | 27 April 1978 | 30 April 1978 | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | ||
Chairmen of the Revolutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan | |||||||
3 | Nur Muhammad Taraki | 1917–1979 | 30 April 1978 | 14 September 1979 | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | ||
4 | Hafizullah Amin | File:Hafizullah Amin.jpg | 1929–1979 | 14 September 1979 | 27 December 1979 | People's Democratic Party (Khalq faction) | |
5 | Babrak Karmal | 1929–1996 | 27 December 1979 | 24 November 1986 | People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) | ||
6 | Haji Mohammad Chamkani | 1947– | 24 November 1986 | 30 September 1987 | Independent | ||
7 | Mohammad Najibullah | 1947–1996 | 30 September 1987 | 30 November 1987 | People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) | ||
Presidents of the Republic of Afghanistan | |||||||
Mohammad Najibullah | File:Afghanistan arms 1987-1992.svg | 1947–1996 | 30 November 1987 | 16 April 1992 | People's Democratic Party (Parcham faction) (until 1990) | ||
Watan Party | |||||||
8 | Abdul Rahim Hatif | File:Afghanistan arms 1987-1992.svg | 1926–2013 | 16 April 1992 | 28 April 1992 | Watan Party | |
Presidents of the Islamic State of Afghanistan | |||||||
9 | Sibghatullah Mojaddedi | 1926– | 28 April 1992 | 28 June 1992 | National Liberation Front of Afghanistan | ||
10 | Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 28 June 1992 | 27 September 1996 | Jamiat-e Islami | ||
Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | |||||||
11 | Mullah Mohammed Omar | File:Rewards for Justice Mullah Omar.png | c. 1959– | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 | Taliban | |
President of the Northern Alliance of Afghanistan | |||||||
I | Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 27 September 1996 | 13 November 2001 | Jamiat-e Islami (Northern Alliance) | ||
Presidents of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan | |||||||
(10) | Burhanuddin Rabbani | 1940–2011 | 13 November 2001 | 22 December 2001 | Jamiat-e Islami (Northern Alliance) | ||
11 | Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 22 December 2001 | 7 December 2004 | Independent | ||
Presidents of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | |||||||
Hamid Karzai | 1957– | 7 December 2004 | 29 September 2014 | Independent | |||
12 | Ashraf Ghani | 1949– | 29 September 2014 | Incumbent | Independent |
Notes
Name | Notes |
---|---|
Abdul Qadir Dagarwal | Under the military dictatorship the title was the Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Council. |
— | After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan after the Saur Revolution. The government gave the president position a new title. The new title was Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. |
Mullah Mohammed Omar | Under the rule of the Taliban, the new presidential title was Head of the Supreme Council. |
Hamid Karzai | From 22 December 2001 to 19 June 2002 Karzai was the Chairman of the Transitional Administration. |
See also
References
- "http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/583326/Nur-Mohammad-Taraki".
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(help) - "http://www.docstoc.com/docs/44373066/Transitional-Islamic-State-of-Afghanistan".
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(help) - Henry St. Amant Bradsher. Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Google Books. ISBN 9780822305637. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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(help) - Amos Jenkins Peaslee and Dorothy Peaslee Xydis. Constitutions of Nations. Google Books. ISBN 9789024729050. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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(help) - Information, Library; Service, Research. The Middle East. Google Books. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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(help) - Oliver North and Chuck Holton. American Heroes: In the Fight Against Radical Islam. Google Books. ISBN 9780805447118. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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External links
Heads of state of Afghanistan (since 1973) | |
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Daoud Republic (President) | |
Democratic Republic (Chairman) | |
Islamic State (President) | |
Islamic Emirate (Supreme Leader) | |
Transitional Islamic State (President) | |
Islamic Republic (President) | |
Islamic Emirate (Supreme Leader) | |
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