Curtis Culwell Center attack: Difference between revisions

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	\| perpetrators= Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/us/garland-mohammed-drawing-contest-shooting/\|title=Garland, Texas, shooting suspect linked himself to ISIS in tweets\|work=CNN\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		\| perpetrators= Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/us/garland-mohammed-drawing-contest-shooting/\|title=Garland, Texas, shooting suspect linked himself to ISIS in tweets\|work=CNN\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>
	\| weapons = ]s		\| weapons = ]s
	\| motive = Retaliation for ]		\| motive = Retaliation for ]}}
	}}

	An exhibit featuring cartoon ] was attacked by two gunmen with ] fire outside the ] in ] on May 3, 2015.<ref name="cbslocal">{{cite web\|url=http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-garland\|title=BREAKING: Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland « CBS Dallas/Fort Worth\|publisher=dfw.cbslocal.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> Both gunmen were killed by a police officer shortly after pulling up outside the center.<ref name="dallasnews">{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/local-news/20150503-breaking-gunfire-reported-at-anti-islam-event-at-garland-isd-facility.ece\|title=Police kill 2 men who opened fire outside Muhammad art show in Garland\|publisher=dallasnews.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> A ] (ISD) security officer was shot in the ankle<ref name="GunmenFire"/> and was released from the hospital.<ref name="cbs19">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cbs19.tv/story/28965671/two-shot-near-muhammad-art-event-in-garland\|title=2 dead after gunfire outside Muhammad cartoon exhibit in Garland\|author=Gerardo Martinez\|publisher=cbs19.tv\|date=May 3, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> The ] (ISIS) has claimed responsibility for the attack;<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32589546\|title=IS says it was behind US Prophet cartoon attack\|publisher=BBC\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11581345/Islamic-State-supporters-claim-responsibility-for-Texas-attack.html\|title=Texas shooting: Islamic State claims responsibility for first US attack as gunmen named\|publisher=The Telegraph\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-claims-responsibility-for-texas-muhammad-cartoon-contest-shooting\|title=ISIS claims responsibility for Texas attack\|publisher=CBS News\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> U.S. law enforcement officials have not confirmed or denied the claim.		An exhibit featuring cartoon ] was attacked by two gunmen with ] fire outside the ] in ] on May 3, 2015.<ref name="cbslocal">{{cite web\|url=http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-garland\|title=BREAKING: Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland « CBS Dallas/Fort Worth\|publisher=dfw.cbslocal.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> Both gunmen were killed by a police officer shortly after pulling up outside the center.<ref name="dallasnews">{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/local-news/20150503-breaking-gunfire-reported-at-anti-islam-event-at-garland-isd-facility.ece\|title=Police kill 2 men who opened fire outside Muhammad art show in Garland\|publisher=dallasnews.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> A ] (ISD) security officer was shot in the ankle<ref name="GunmenFire"/> and was released from the hospital.<ref name="cbs19">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cbs19.tv/story/28965671/two-shot-near-muhammad-art-event-in-garland\|title=2 dead after gunfire outside Muhammad cartoon exhibit in Garland\|author=Gerardo Martinez\|publisher=cbs19.tv\|date=May 3, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> The ] (ISIS) has claimed responsibility for the attack;<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32589546\|title=IS says it was behind US Prophet cartoon attack\|publisher=BBC\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11581345/Islamic-State-supporters-claim-responsibility-for-Texas-attack.html\|title=Texas shooting: Islamic State claims responsibility for first US attack as gunmen named\|publisher=The Telegraph\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-claims-responsibility-for-texas-muhammad-cartoon-contest-shooting\|title=ISIS claims responsibility for Texas attack\|publisher=CBS News\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> U.S. law enforcement officials have not confirmed or denied the claim.

	==Background==		==Background==

	===Muhammad exhibit and contest===		===Muhammad exhibit and contest===
	] was the keynote speaker{{fact\|He probably was but since it's not in the article it needs a citation}} at the event.]]		] was the keynote speaker{{fact\|He probably was but since it's not in the article it needs a citation}} at the event.]]
	The event was advertised as the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", presented by the American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI), or Stop Islamization of America. A $10,000 reward was offered for the winning cartoon, which was selected from among 350 submissions. The prize was awarded to Bosch Fawstin, a former Muslim and critic of Islam who submitted six drawings,<ref name="TrafficCop"/> with the text "You can't draw me!"/"That's why I draw you." He was to collect an award of $12,500.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2015/05/the_muhammad_cartoon_that_won_the_draw_muhammad_contest.html\|title=The Muhammad cartoon that won the Draw Muhammad contest\|publisher=American Thinker\|author=Thomas Lifson\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/05/garland-cartoon-contest-winner-reacts-to-shooting-they-came-to-kill-us-and-died-for-it-justice.html/\|title=Garland cartoon contest winner reacts to shooting: "They came to kill us and died for it. Justice."\|publisher=Dallas Morning News\|author=Naheed Rajwani\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ChuckRoss">{{cite news\|url=http://dailycaller.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-texas-outside-of-muslim-cartoon-event-attended-by-geert-wilders\|newspaper=Daily Caller\|title=Shooting in Texas Outside of Muslim Cartoon Event\|author=Chuck Ross\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		The event was advertised as the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", presented by the American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI), or Stop Islamization of America. A $10,000 reward was offered for the winning cartoon, which was selected from among 350 submissions. The prize was awarded to Bosch Fawstin, a former Muslim and critic of Islam who submitted six drawings,<ref name="TrafficCop"/> with the text "You can't draw me!"/"That's why I draw you." He was to collect an award of $12,500.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2015/05/the_muhammad_cartoon_that_won_the_draw_muhammad_contest.html\|title=The Muhammad cartoon that won the Draw Muhammad contest\|publisher=American Thinker\|author=Thomas Lifson\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/05/garland-cartoon-contest-winner-reacts-to-shooting-they-came-to-kill-us-and-died-for-it-justice.html\|title=Garland cartoon contest winner reacts to shooting: "They came to kill us and died for it. Justice."\|publisher=Dallas Morning News\|author=Naheed Rajwani\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="ChuckRoss">{{cite news\|url=http://dailycaller.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-texas-outside-of-muslim-cartoon-event-attended-by-geert-wilders\|newspaper=Daily Caller\|title=Shooting in Texas Outside of Muslim Cartoon Event\|author=Chuck Ross\|date=May 4, 2015}}</ref>

	The event featured speeches by ], president of the AFDI, and ], a Dutch lawmaker known for his outspoken criticism of Islam. Congressmen ] and ], both Muslims,<!-- true; check articles --> had tried unsuccessfully to block Wilders from entering the United States.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/04/29/congressmen-keith-ellison-and-andre-carson-call-for-denial-of-visa-to-dutch-legislator-geert-wilders\|title=Congressmen Keith Ellison and André Carson call for denial of visa to Dutch legislator Geert Wilders\|date=April 29, 2015\|author=Eugene Volokh\|author-link=Eugene Volokh\|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Wilders is currently on an ] hit-list following the release of '']'', a 2008 short film that he ~~wrote~~.<ref name="OvermatchedCop">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wptv.com/news/national/overmatched-officer-stops-2-heavily-armed-men-at-the-curtis-culwell-center-in-garland-texas\|title=Overmatched officer stops 2 heavily-armed men at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas\|work=WPTV\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref>		The event featured speeches by ], president of the AFDI, and ], a Dutch lawmaker known for his outspoken criticism of Islam. Congressmen ] and ], both Muslims,<!-- true; check articles --> had tried unsuccessfully to block Wilders from entering the United States.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/04/29/congressmen-keith-ellison-and-andre-carson-call-for-denial-of-visa-to-dutch-legislator-geert-wilders\|title=Congressmen Keith Ellison and André Carson call for denial of visa to Dutch legislator Geert Wilders\|date=April 29, 2015\|author=Eugene Volokh\|author-link=Eugene Volokh\|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Wilders is currently on an ] hit-list following the release of '']'', a 2008 short film that he had written.<ref name="OvermatchedCop">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wptv.com/news/national/overmatched-officer-stops-2-heavily-armed-men-at-the-curtis-culwell-center-in-garland-texas\|title=Overmatched officer stops 2 heavily-armed men at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas\|work=WPTV\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref>

	The event was motivated by ] on the ] '']'' nearly four months ago and is the first of a planned annual contest.<ref name="ChuckRoss"/> At the time of the attack, the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" exhibit was attended by approximately 200 people.<ref name="2Gunmen"/>		The event was motivated by ] on the ] '']'' nearly four months ago and is the first of a planned annual contest.<ref name="ChuckRoss"/> At the time of the attack, the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" exhibit was attended by approximately 200 people.<ref name="2Gunmen"/>
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	===Depictions of Muhammad===		===Depictions of Muhammad===
	{{See also\|Depictions of Muhammad\|Islam and blasphemy}}		{{See also\|Depictions of Muhammad\|Islam and blasphemy}}
	Though images of Muhammad are not explicitly banned by the ] itself, prominent Islamic views have long ], especially those of prophets. Such views have gained ground among certain militant Islamic groups.<ref>{{citation\|work=Newsweek\|date=January 9, 2015\|url=http://www.newsweek.com/koran-does-not-forbid-images-prophet-298298\|title=The Koran Does Not Forbid Images of the Prophet}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Burke\|first1=Daniel\|title=Why Islam forbids images of Mohammed\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/07/living/islam-prophet-images\|accessdate=January 16, 2015\|date=January 9, 2015\|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=The issue of depicting the Prophet Muhammad\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30813742\|accessdate=January 16, 2015\|publisher=BBC\|date=January 14, 2015}}</ref> Accordingly, some Muslims take the view that the satire of ], of religious representatives, and above all of Muslim prophets is ] punishable by death.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20101202-Pakistani-Christian-sentenced-to-death-for-blashphemy-against-Islam\|title=FOCUS – Praying for a pardon: Christian sentenced to death for 'blaspheming against Islam'\|publisher=France 24\|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}</ref> According to the ], France has seen "the apparent desire of some younger, often disaffected children or grandchildren of immigrant families not to conform to western, liberal lifestyles – including traditions of religious tolerance and free speech".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30717728\|title=Paris attack highlights Europe's struggle with Islamism\|publisher=BBC News\|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}</ref> Salafi scholar ] indicates that the Islamic concept of ] (protective jealousy) requires that Muslims protect the Prophet Mohammed from blasphemy.<ref name=IslamQADefame>Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan al-Barraak, Majallat al-Da'wah, , retrieved February 12, 2015; ''"If we leave the kuffaar and atheists to say whatever they want without denouncing it or punishing them, great mischief will result, which is something that these kuffaar love....Whoever hears the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) being insulted and does not feel any protective jealousy or get angry is not a true believer – we seek refuge with Allaah from humility, kufr and obeying the Shaytaan".''</ref>		Though images of Muhammad are not explicitly banned by the ] itself, prominent Islamic views have long ], especially those of prophets. Such views have gained ground among certain militant Islamic groups.<ref>{{citation\|work=Newsweek\|date=January 9, 2015\|url=http://www.newsweek.com/koran-does-not-forbid-images-prophet-298298\|title=The Koran Does Not Forbid Images of the Prophet}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Burke\|first1=Daniel\|title=Why Islam forbids images of Mohammed\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/07/living/islam-prophet-images\|accessdate=January 16, 2015\|date=January 9, 2015\|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=The issue of depicting the Prophet Muhammad\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30813742\|accessdate=January 16, 2015\|publisher=BBC\|date=January 14, 2015}}</ref> Accordingly, some Muslims take the view that the satire of ], of religious representatives, and, above all, of Muslim prophets, is ] punishable by death.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20101202-Pakistani-Christian-sentenced-to-death-for-blashphemy-against-Islam\|title=FOCUS – Praying for a pardon: Pakistani Christian sentenced to death for 'blaspheming against Islam'\|publisher=France 24\|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}</ref> According to the ], France has seen "the apparent desire of some younger, often disaffected children or grandchildren of immigrant families not to conform to western, liberal lifestyles – including traditions of religious tolerance and free speech".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30717728\|title=Paris attack highlights Europe's struggle with Islamism\|publisher=BBC News\|accessdate=January 11, 2015}}</ref> Salafi scholar ] indicates that the Islamic concept of ] (protective jealousy) requires that Muslims protect the Prophet Mohammed from blasphemy.<ref name=IslamQADefame>Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan al-Barraak, Majallat al-Da'wah, , retrieved February 12, 2015; ''"If we leave the kuffaar and atheists to say whatever they want without denouncing it or punishing them, great mischief will result, which is something that these kuffaar love....Whoever hears the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) being insulted and does not feel any protective jealousy or get angry is not a true believer – we seek refuge with Allaah from humility, kufr and obeying the Shaytaan".''</ref>

	===Security preparations===		===Security preparations===
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	===Curtis Culwell Center===		===Curtis Culwell Center===
	The "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" event was hosted at the ], rented from the ]. The center previously hosted a fundraiser in January called "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect", which was organized to combat negative stereotypes of Islam.<ref name="wash_‘Sta">{{Cite web\|title=‘Stand With Prophet’ event in Texas draws thousands of protesters\|last=Chasmar\|first=Jessica\|work=The Washington Times\|date=January 18~~, 2015\|accessdate=May 4~~, 2015\|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/18/stand-with-prophet-event-in-texas-draws-thousands-}}</ref> Pamela Geller had spearheaded about 1,000 picketers at that event.<ref name="seat_City">{{Cite web\|title=City: 2 gunmen killed outside Muhammad cartoon contest\|last1=Merchant\|first1=Nomaan\|last2=Stengle\|first2=Jamie\|work=The Seattle Times\|date=May 3~~, 2015\|accessdate=May 4~~, 2015\|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/officer-shooting-at-muhammad-cartoon-contest-in-texas}}</ref><ref name="GraduationsNear">{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/garland-mesquite/headlines/20150504-some-fear-culwell-center-now-a-target-as-busy-graduation-season-nears.ece\|title=As graduations near, some fear Garland ISD's Culwell Center now a target\|work=The Dallas Morning News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		The "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" event was hosted at the ], rented from the ]. The center previously hosted a fundraiser in January called "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect", which was organized to combat negative stereotypes of Islam.<ref name="wash_‘Sta">{{Cite web\|title=‘Stand With Prophet’ event in Texas draws thousands of protesters\|last=Chasmar\|first=Jessica\|work=The Washington Times\|date=January 18, 2015\|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/18/stand-with-prophet-event-in-texas-draws-thousands-\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> Pamela Geller had spearheaded about 1,000 picketers at that event.<ref name="seat_City">{{Cite web\|title=City: 2 gunmen killed outside Muhammad cartoon contest\|last1=Merchant\|first1=Nomaan\|last2=Stengle\|first2=Jamie\|work=The Seattle Times\|date=May 3, 2015\|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/officer-shooting-at-muhammad-cartoon-contest-in-texas\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="GraduationsNear">{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/garland-mesquite/headlines/20150504-some-fear-culwell-center-now-a-target-as-busy-graduation-season-nears.ece\|title=As graduations near, some fear Garland ISD's Culwell Center now a target\|work=The Dallas Morning News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>

	Before the start of the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", there were concerns expressed by Garland citizens about the center hosting the event due to potential backlash and retaliation, a sentiment that had also been brought up prior to the "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect" event. However, officials allowed both events to proceed as planned, since the school district was bound by a nondiscriminatory leasing policy. Garland ISD board president Rick Lambert said in January, "The Culwell Center is available for rental as long as you comply with the law. Because it is a public facility, the district is not allowed to discriminate based upon viewpoint."<ref name="GraduationsNear"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/garland-mesquite/headlines/20150427-islam-debate-returns-to-garland-isds-culwell-center-with-muhammad-art-event.ece\|title=Islam debate returns to Garland ISD’s Culwell Center with Muhammad art event\|work=The Dallas Morning News\|date=April 27, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		Before the start of the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", there were concerns expressed by Garland citizens about the center hosting the event due to potential backlash and retaliation, a sentiment that had also been brought up prior to the "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect" event. However, officials allowed both events to proceed as planned, since the school district was bound by a nondiscriminatory leasing policy. Garland ISD board president Rick Lambert said in January, "The Culwell Center is available for rental as long as you comply with the law. Because it is a public facility, the district is not allowed to discriminate based upon viewpoint."<ref name="GraduationsNear"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/garland-mesquite/headlines/20150427-islam-debate-returns-to-garland-isds-culwell-center-with-muhammad-art-event.ece\|title=Islam debate returns to Garland ISD’s Culwell Center with Muhammad art event\|work=The Dallas Morning News\|date=April 27, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>

	==Attack==		==Attack==
	Just before the event was set to end at around 7:00{{nbsp}}p.m.,<ref name="2Gunmen"/> two men wearing ] and armed with ]s pulled up in a vehicle beside a police car parked next to a barricade set up in front of the center. Seated inside the police car was a Garland traffic police officer and an unarmed Garland ISD security guard. The two gunmen got out of their vehicle and opened fire on the police car, shooting the Garland ISD security guard. The men were then shot and killed by the traffic police officer using his duty ] ] pistol. SWAT officers also opened fire on the gunmen.<ref name="SuspectsThere">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/03/garland-curtis-culwell-center-swat/26848435\|title=Garland police: Suspects were 'there to shoot people'\|work=WFFA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="OvermatchedCop"/><ref name="TrafficCop">{{cite web\|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/05/04/prophet-mohammed-cartoon-shootings-texas/26858741/\|title=Traffic cop killed both attackers at Mohammed exhibit in Texas\|work=USA Today\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="nbcdfw">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Shots-Fired-at-Prophet-Muhammad-Art-Event-302362751.html\|title=Garland ISD Officer Injured, 2 Dead in Shooting Outside Culwell Center in Garland \| NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth\|publisher=nbcdfw.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="GunmenFire">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/people-shot-texas-prophet-muhammad-art-exhibit-article-1.2208953\|title=Two gunmen shot dead by cops after opening fire outside controversial 'Prophet Muhammad' art exhibit in Texas\|work=New York Daily News\|date=May 3, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TimelineNews">{{cite web\|url=http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-garland/\|title=2 Dead In Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland\|work=CBS DFW\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> The Garland ISD officer, identified as 58-year-old Bruce Joiner, was shot in the ankle.<ref name="wfaa">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/2015/05/03/garland-curtis-culwell-center-swat/26848435/\|title=2 gunmen shot dead outside Muhammad Art Exhibit in Garland\|publisher=wfaa.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="GunmenFire"/> He was treated at a local hospital and confirmed to be released at 9:00 p.m.<ref name="TimelineNews"/>		Just before the event was set to end at around 7:00{{nbsp}}p.m.,<ref name="2Gunmen"/> two men wearing ] and armed with ]s pulled up in a vehicle beside a police car parked next to a barricade set up in front of the center. Seated inside the police car was a Garland traffic police officer and an unarmed Garland ISD security guard. The two gunmen got out of their vehicle and opened fire on the police car, shooting the Garland ISD security guard. The men were then shot and killed by the traffic police officer using his duty ] ] pistol. SWAT officers also opened fire on the gunmen.<ref name="SuspectsThere">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/03/garland-curtis-culwell-center-swat/26848435\|title=Garland police: Suspects were 'there to shoot people'\|work=WFFA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name="OvermatchedCop"/><ref name="TrafficCop">{{cite web\|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/05/04/prophet-mohammed-cartoon-shootings-texas/26858741\|title=Traffic cop killed both attackers at Mohammed exhibit in Texas\|work=USA Today\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref name="nbcdfw">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Shots-Fired-at-Prophet-Muhammad-Art-Event-302362751.html\|title=Garland ISD Officer Injured, 2 Dead in Shooting Outside Culwell Center in Garland \| NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth\|publisher=nbcdfw.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="GunmenFire">{{cite web\|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/people-shot-texas-prophet-muhammad-art-exhibit-article-1.2208953\|title=Two gunmen shot dead by cops after opening fire outside controversial 'Prophet Muhammad' art exhibit in Texas\|work=New York Daily News\|date=May 3, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TimelineNews">{{cite web\|url=http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2015/05/03/breaking-shooting-in-garland/\|title=2 Dead In Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland\|work=CBS DFW\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> The Garland ISD officer, identified as 58-year-old Bruce Joiner, was shot in the ankle.<ref name="wfaa">{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/2015/05/03/garland-curtis-culwell-center-swat/26848435/\|title=2 gunmen shot dead outside Muhammad Art Exhibit in Garland\|publisher=wfaa.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="GunmenFire"/> He was treated at a local hospital and confirmed to be released at 9:00 p.m.<ref name="TimelineNews"/>

	Authorities were worried that the suspects' car could contain an incendiary device; as a precaution, several nearby businesses were evacuated and a bomb squad was called to the scene. Police cordoned off a large area and at least three helicopters circled overhead.<ref name="foxnews">{{cite web\|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/05/04/police-shooting-at-muhammad-cartoon-contest-in-texas/\|title=Two suspects killed, officer injured after shooting outside Muhammad cartoon contest in Texas\|publisher=foxnews.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An officer dressed in SWAT gear took the stage toward the end of the event and told attendees that a shooting had occurred, stating that one officer and two suspects had been shot.<ref name="fox4kc">{{cite web\|url=http://fox4kc.com/2015/05/03/report-gunfire-erupts-outside-texas-anti-islam-event\|title=Report: gunfire erupts outside Texas anti-Islam event\|publisher=fox4kc.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> It was later confirmed that there were no explosives inside the vehicle.<ref name="PoliceSearch">{{cite web\|url=http://alaska-native-news.com/police-search-phoenix-apartment-of-curtis-culwell-center-attack-17166\|title=Police Search Phoenix Apartment of Curtis Culwell Center Attack\|work=Alaska Native News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		Authorities were worried that the suspects' car could contain an incendiary device; as a precaution, several nearby businesses were evacuated and a bomb squad was called to the scene. Police cordoned off a large area and at least three helicopters circled overhead.<ref name="foxnews">{{cite web\|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/05/04/police-shooting-at-muhammad-cartoon-contest-in-texas\|title=Two suspects killed, officer injured after shooting outside Muhammad cartoon contest in Texas\|publisher=foxnews.com\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> An officer dressed in SWAT gear took the stage toward the end of the event and told attendees that a shooting had occurred, stating that one officer and two suspects had been shot.<ref name="fox4kc">{{cite web\|url=http://fox4kc.com/2015/05/03/report-gunfire-erupts-outside-texas-anti-islam-event\|title=Report: gunfire erupts outside Texas anti-Islam event\|publisher=fox4kc.com\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> It was later confirmed that there were no explosives inside the vehicle.<ref name="PoliceSearch">{{cite web\|url=http://alaska-native-news.com/police-search-phoenix-apartment-of-curtis-culwell-center-attack-17166\|title=Police Search Phoenix Apartment of Curtis Culwell Center Attack\|work=Alaska Native News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref>

	==Perpetrators==		==Perpetrators==
	'''Elton Simpson''', aged 30, and '''Nadir Soofi''', aged 34, both natives of ], were identified as the assailants in the attack. They were roommates living in a Phoenix apartment at the time. Simpson had been convicted of a terror-related charge, and supported an ] propagandist.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/05/us/texas-shooting-gunmen/\|title=Who are the gunmen behind the Texas shooting? ~~- CNN.com~~\|author=Holly Yan, CNN\|date=May 5, 2015\|work=CNN}}</ref>		'''Elton Simpson''', aged 30, and '''Nadir Soofi''', aged 34, both natives of ], were identified as the assailants in the attack. They were roommates living in a Phoenix apartment at the time. Simpson had been convicted of a terror-related charge, and supported an ] propagandist.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/05/us/texas-shooting-gunmen\|title=Who are the gunmen behind the Texas shooting?\|author=Holly Yan, CNN\|date=May 5, 2015\|work=CNN}}</ref>

	Simpson was the subject of an FBI investigation in 2007, during which it recorded him stating his intent to travel to ] and join fellow ]s. He had caught the FBI's attention due to his ties with ], a former ] sailor who was convicted of disclosing the locations and weaknesses of Navy ships to a jihadist website. In 2010, one day before Simpson was scheduled to travel to Somalia, he was arrested by federal agents. Simpson was convicted of making a false statement involving international and domestic terrorism, and sentenced to three years of probation and a $600 fine in August 2011 after lying to a federal agent about his travel plans, as there was no substantial proof he planned to join a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/garland-texas-police-are-looking-into-whether-shooting-was-a-terrorist-attack-2015-5\|title=Texas police are looking into whether a shooting at a Muhammad cartoon contest was a terrorist attack\|work=Business Insider\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TrafficCop"/><ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> He was put on the US federal no-fly list.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>		Simpson was the subject of an FBI investigation in 2007, during which it recorded him stating his intent to travel to ] and join fellow ]s. He had caught the FBI's attention due to his ties with ], a former ] sailor who was convicted of disclosing the locations and weaknesses of Navy ships to a jihadist website. In 2010, one day before Simpson was scheduled to travel to Somalia, he was arrested by federal agents. Simpson was convicted of making a false statement involving international and domestic terrorism, and sentenced to three years of probation and a $600 fine in August 2011 after lying to a federal agent about his travel plans, as there was no substantial proof he planned to join a terrorist organization.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/garland-texas-police-are-looking-into-whether-shooting-was-a-terrorist-attack-2015-5\|title=Texas police are looking into whether a shooting at a Muhammad cartoon contest was a terrorist attack\|work=Business Insider\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="TrafficCop"/><ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> He was put on the US federal no-fly list.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>

	Simpson converted to Islam while in high school. His lawyer described him as "particularly devout" and "entrenched in Islam", but said he didn't seem a threat to anyone.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/suspect-in-texas-attack-previously-face-trial-on-terrorism-charge/2015/05/04/438df596-f279-11e4-bcc4-e8141e5eb0c9_story.html?hpid=z2\|title=One Texas suspect was accused in 2010 FBI terror case\|date=May 4, 2015\|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Simpson was a longtime worshipper at the Islamic Community Center in Phoenix, but according to the mosque's president he stopped showing up months prior to the attack.<ref name="TexasGunmen">{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/texas/article/2-gunmen-killed-outside-Muhammad-cartoon-contest-6240040.php\|title=Accused Texas gunman well-known to FBI before attack\|work=San Francisco Chronicle\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="reuters1"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nltimes.nl/2015/05/04/american-terror-suspect-idd-in-texas-attack/\|title=AMERICAN TERROR SUSPECT ID'D IN TEXAS ATTACK\|work=NL Times\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://heavy.com/news/2015/05/elton-simpson-garland-texas-muhammad-cartoon-shooter-gunman-name-phoenix-arizona-terrorist-twitter-tweets-photos-fbi-dead-death-video-atawaakul\|title=Elton Simpson: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know\|author=Tom Cleary\|work=Heavy.com\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://gma.yahoo.com/official-one-texas-shooting-suspects-ided-111112719--abc-news-topstories.html\|title=Official: One of Texas Shooting Suspects IDed\|work=Yahoo! News GMA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>		Simpson converted to Islam while in high school. His lawyer described him as "particularly devout" and "entrenched in Islam", but said he didn't seem a threat to anyone.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/suspect-in-texas-attack-previously-face-trial-on-terrorism-charge/2015/05/04/438df596-f279-11e4-bcc4-e8141e5eb0c9_story.html?hpid=z2\|title=One Texas suspect was accused in 2010 FBI terror case\|date=May 4, 2015\|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Simpson was a longtime worshipper at the Islamic Community Center in Phoenix, but according to the mosque's president he stopped showing up months prior to the attack.<ref name="TexasGunmen">{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/texas/article/2-gunmen-killed-outside-Muhammad-cartoon-contest-6240040.php\|title=Accused Texas gunman well-known to FBI before attack\|work=San Francisco Chronicle\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref name="reuters1"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nltimes.nl/2015/05/04/american-terror-suspect-idd-in-texas-attack/\|title=AMERICAN TERROR SUSPECT ID'D IN TEXAS ATTACK\|work=NL Times\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://heavy.com/news/2015/05/elton-simpson-garland-texas-muhammad-cartoon-shooter-gunman-name-phoenix-arizona-terrorist-twitter-tweets-photos-fbi-dead-death-video-atawaakul\|title=Elton Simpson: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know\|author=Tom Cleary\|work=Heavy.com\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://gma.yahoo.com/official-one-texas-shooting-suspects-ided-111112719--abc-news-topstories.html\|title=Official: One of Texas Shooting Suspects IDed\|work=Yahoo! News GMA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> Simpson asked his readers on ] to follow an ISIS propagandist. After the shooting, that ISIS propagandist tweeted: "]!!!! 2 of our brothers just opened fire."<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>
	Simpson asked his readers on ] to follow an ISIS propagandist.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> After the shooting, that ISIS propagandist tweeted: "]!!!! 2 of our brothers just opened fire."<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>

⚫	Minutes prior to the attack, Simpson posted a tweet with the hashtag #texasattack: "May ] accept us as ]."~~<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>~~ In his tweet he also said Simpson and Soofi had pledged allegiance to "]," which terrorism analyst Paul Cruickshank said probably refers to ISIS leader ].<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>

		⚫	Minutes prior to the attack, Simpson posted a tweet with the hashtag #texasattack: "May ] accept us as ]." In his tweet he also said Simpson and Soofi had pledged allegiance to "]," which terrorism analyst Paul Cruickshank said probably refers to ISIS leader ].<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/>
⚫	Soofi's father is Pakistani, and his mother is American.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> According to his mother, he was born at ] and lived in Garland until age 3.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/05/garland-shooters-mom-says-her-son-died-near-where-he-was-born-gave-no-hint-of-violence.html\|publisher=]\|author=Weiss, Jeffrey\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015\|title=Garland shooter's mom says her son died near where he was born, gave no hint of violence}}~~</ref> Soofi was raised as a Muslim by his father.<ref>~~</ref> When his parents divorced, ~~he and his brother~~ moved ~~to Pakistan to live with their father and stepmother,, and then later~~ from Pakistan to the US in 1998 to live with his mother.~~<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/><ref></ref>~~ In the 1990s, Soofi attended a private school in ], Pakistan.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> ~~Soofi~~ wrote a note four years prior to the attack, in which he asked Allah for forgiveness for every sin – both intentional and unintentional.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> Soofi had been arrested a number of times for minor offenses, including dangerous driving and unlawful possession of drugs.<ref></ref> He was survived by his mother and an eight-year-old son.<ref name="TexasGunmen"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elton-simpson-nadir-soofi-named-gunmen-texas-attack-n353231\|title=Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi Named as Gunmen in Texas Attack\|work=NBC News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/texas/article/The-Latest-on-Texas-attack-FBI-searches-2nd-6240858.php\|title=The Latest on prophet cartoon case: 1 man's mom speaks out\|work=seattlepi\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref>

		⚫	Soofi's father is Pakistani, and his mother is American.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> According to his mother, he was born at ] and lived in Garland until age 3.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/05/garland-shooters-mom-says-her-son-died-near-where-he-was-born-gave-no-hint-of-violence.html\|publisher=]\|author=Weiss, Jeffrey\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015\|title=Garland shooter's mom says her son died near where he was born, gave no hint of violence}}</ref> When his parents divorced, Soofi moved from Pakistan to the US in 1998 to live with his mother. In the 1990s, Soofi attended a private school in ], Pakistan.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> He wrote a note four years prior to the attack, in which he asked Allah for forgiveness for every sin – both intentional and unintentional.<ref name="hollyyan,cnn"/> Soofi had been arrested a number of times for minor offenses, including dangerous driving and unlawful possession of drugs.<ref>, bbc.co.uk; accessed May 5, 2015.</ref> He was survived by his mother and an eight-year-old son.<ref name="TexasGunmen"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/elton-simpson-nadir-soofi-named-gunmen-texas-attack-n353231\|title=Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi Named as Gunmen in Texas Attack\|work=NBC News\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/texas/article/The-Latest-on-Texas-attack-FBI-searches-2nd-6240858.php\|title=The Latest on prophet cartoon case: 1 man's mom speaks out\|work=seattlepi\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref>
⚫	ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack, stating on the group's Al Bayan radio station that "two soldiers of the Caliphate executed an attack on an art exhibit in Garland, Texas.... This exhibit was portraying negative pictures of the Prophet Mohammed."<ref>, dfw.cbslocal.com, May 5, 2015.</ref> ISIS also promised to launch further attacks in the future.<ref name="MaamounYoussef">{{cite web\|url=http://news.yahoo.com/claims-responsibility-texas-cartoon-attack-090629845.html\|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas cartoon attack\|work=Yahoo! News\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> There was not initially evidence that the terror group had contact with the perpetrators, though law enforcement groups are investigating a possible link.<ref name="ISISClaims">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/05/us/garland-texas-prophet-mohammed-contest-shooting/index.html\|title=ISIS claims responsibility for Texas shooting, threatens more attacks\|work=CNN\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> It is the first time ISIS has claimed responsibility for an attack on U.S. soil.<ref name="MaamounYoussef"/>

		⚫	ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack, stating on the group's Al Bayan radio station that "two soldiers of the Caliphate executed an attack on an art exhibit in Garland, Texas.... This exhibit was portraying negative pictures of the Prophet Mohammed."<ref>, dfw.cbslocal.com, May 5, 2015.</ref> ISIS also promised to launch further attacks in the future.<ref name="MaamounYoussef">{{cite web\|url=http://news.yahoo.com/claims-responsibility-texas-cartoon-attack-090629845.html\|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas cartoon attack\|work=Yahoo! News\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> There was not initially evidence that the terror group had contact with the perpetrators, though law enforcement groups are investigating a possible link.<ref name="ISISClaims">{{cite web\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/05/us/garland-texas-prophet-mohammed-contest-shooting/index.html\|title=ISIS claims responsibility for Texas shooting, threatens more attacks\|work=CNN\|date=May 5, 2015\|accessdate=May 5, 2015}}</ref> It is the first time ISIS has claimed responsibility for an attack on U.S. soil.<ref name="MaamounYoussef"/> After the attack, Phoenix police began searching the two assailants' apartment.<ref name="PoliceSearch"/>
	After the attack, Phoenix police began searching the two assailants' apartment.<ref name="PoliceSearch"/>

	==Reactions==		==Reactions==
Line 79:		Line 74:
	Muslim organizations also reacted to the attack. The ] issued a statement condemning the attack and saying, "Bigoted speech can never be an excuse for violence."<ref name="TrafficCop"/> Dr. Nasim Rehmatullah, National Vice President of the U.S. chapter of the ], also said in a statement, "Violence is never an acceptable response to hate speech, no matter how inflammatory and uncivilized that speech is. While we do not yet know what motivated these shooters, we urge calm and defer to local, state, and federal authorities to peaceably and justly resolve this."<ref name="SuspectsThere"/>		Muslim organizations also reacted to the attack. The ] issued a statement condemning the attack and saying, "Bigoted speech can never be an excuse for violence."<ref name="TrafficCop"/> Dr. Nasim Rehmatullah, National Vice President of the U.S. chapter of the ], also said in a statement, "Violence is never an acceptable response to hate speech, no matter how inflammatory and uncivilized that speech is. While we do not yet know what motivated these shooters, we urge calm and defer to local, state, and federal authorities to peaceably and justly resolve this."<ref name="SuspectsThere"/>

	In an interview with CNN, Geller denied that the event was intentionally provocative,<ref> May 4, 2015\|''"Intentionally incendiary and provocative by drawing a cartoon? This is the low state of freedom of speech in this country. I disagree, and I disagree most vehemently. The First Amendment, not the Eighth, not the 10th, but the First, protects all speech, not just ideas that we like. But even core political speech, ideas that we don't like, because who would decide what's good and what's forbidden? The Islamic state? the government? Inoffensive speech, Alisyn, needs no protection, but in a pluralistic society you have offensive speech. You have ideas. You have an exchange of ideas. You don't shut down a discussion because I'm offended. If something offends me, should I go out and slaughter people?"''</ref> criticized the media for not defending the First Amendment,<ref> May 4, 2015\|''“Well, it's dangerous because increasingly, we're abridging our freedoms, so as not to offend savages. The very idea that if something offends me, or I don't – or I'm insulted by something, I'll kill you and that way I can get my way, and somehow this is okay with members of the elite media and academia is outrageous”''</ref> and pointed out that other religions have been similarly offended but do not react violently.<ref> May 4, 2015\| ''"When ] it was called art. Did Christians like it? Of course not. Did they slaughter people? Did they burn embassies? Did they kill whole communities? Of course not. This cannot be sanctioned. This cannot be sanctioned. The West must stand up for freedom of speech. It's the core, fundamental element of this constitutional republic."''</ref> Geller later told ] that the shooting would not stop her and the AFDI from organizing similar events in the future. She said regarding the attack, "Freedom of speech is under violent assault here."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/dallas-county/2015/05/04/garland-shooting-stirs-debate-about-art-gathering/26896663\|title=Garland shooting stirs debate about cartoon contest\|work=WFAA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> She also said that the shooting showed how "needed our event really was."<ref>, nbcdfw.com; accessed May 5, 2015.</ref>		In an interview with CNN, Geller denied that the event was intentionally provocative,<ref> May 4, 2015\|''"Intentionally incendiary and provocative by drawing a cartoon? This is the low state of freedom of speech in this country. I disagree, and I disagree most vehemently. The First Amendment, not the Eighth, not the 10th, but the First, protects all speech, not just ideas that we like. But even core political speech, ideas that we don't like, because who would decide what's good and what's forbidden? The Islamic state? the government? Inoffensive speech, Alisyn, needs no protection, but in a pluralistic society you have offensive speech. You have ideas. You have an exchange of ideas. You don't shut down a discussion because I'm offended. If something offends me, should I go out and slaughter people?"''</ref> criticized the media for not defending the First Amendment,<ref> May 4, 2015\|''“Well, it's dangerous because increasingly, we're abridging our freedoms, so as not to offend savages. The very idea that if something offends me, or I don't – or I'm insulted by something, I'll kill you and that way I can get my way, and somehow this is okay with members of the elite media and academia is outrageous”''</ref> and pointed out that other religions have been similarly offended but do not react violently.<ref> May 4, 2015\|''"When ] it was called art. Did Christians like it? Of course not. Did they slaughter people? Did they burn embassies? Did they kill whole communities? Of course not. This cannot be sanctioned. This cannot be sanctioned. The West must stand up for freedom of speech. It's the core, fundamental element of this constitutional republic."''</ref> Geller later told ] that the shooting would not stop her and the AFDI from organizing similar events in the future. She said regarding the attack, "Freedom of speech is under violent assault here."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/dallas-county/2015/05/04/garland-shooting-stirs-debate-about-art-gathering/26896663\|title=Garland shooting stirs debate about cartoon contest\|work=WFAA\|date=May 4, 2015\|accessdate=May 4, 2015}}</ref> She also said that the shooting showed how "needed our event really was."<ref>, nbcdfw.com; accessed May 5, 2015.</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Revision as of 18:41, 5 May 2015

Curtis Culwell Center attack
Curtis Culwell Center
Location	Garland, Texas, U.S.
Coordinates	32°57′34″N 96°38′31″W / 32.95956°N 96.64191°W / 32.95956; -96.64191
Date	May 3, 2015 6:50 p.m. (UTC−5:00)
Target	American Freedom Defense Initiative members and artists
Attack type	Shooting, attempted terrorist attack
Weapons	Assault rifles
Deaths	2 (both perpetrators)
Injured	1
Perpetrators	Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi
Motive	Retaliation for depictions of Muhammad

An exhibit featuring cartoon images of Muhammad was attacked by two gunmen with assault rifle fire outside the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas on May 3, 2015. Both gunmen were killed by a police officer shortly after pulling up outside the center. A Garland Independent School District (ISD) security officer was shot in the ankle and was released from the hospital. The Islamic State (ISIS) has claimed responsibility for the attack; U.S. law enforcement officials have not confirmed or denied the claim.

Background

Muhammad exhibit and contest

The event was advertised as the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", presented by the American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI), or Stop Islamization of America. A $10,000 reward was offered for the winning cartoon, which was selected from among 350 submissions. The prize was awarded to Bosch Fawstin, a former Muslim and critic of Islam who submitted six drawings, with the text "You can't draw me!"/"That's why I draw you." He was to collect an award of $12,500.

The event featured speeches by Pamela Geller, president of the AFDI, and Geert Wilders, a Dutch lawmaker known for his outspoken criticism of Islam. Congressmen Keith Ellison and André Carson, both Muslims, had tried unsuccessfully to block Wilders from entering the United States. Wilders is currently on an Al-Qaeda hit-list following the release of Fitna, a 2008 short film that he had written.

The event was motivated by the terrorist attack on the satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo nearly four months ago and is the first of a planned annual contest. At the time of the attack, the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" exhibit was attended by approximately 200 people.

Depictions of Muhammad

Though images of Muhammad are not explicitly banned by the Quran itself, prominent Islamic views have long opposed human images, especially those of prophets. Such views have gained ground among certain militant Islamic groups. Accordingly, some Muslims take the view that the satire of Islam, of religious representatives, and, above all, of Muslim prophets, is blasphemy punishable by death. According to the BBC, France has seen "the apparent desire of some younger, often disaffected children or grandchildren of immigrant families not to conform to western, liberal lifestyles – including traditions of religious tolerance and free speech". Salafi scholar Muhammad Al-Munajjid indicates that the Islamic concept of Gheerah (protective jealousy) requires that Muslims protect the Prophet Mohammed from blasphemy.

Security preparations

The organizers of the event had paid over $10,000 to a total of forty off-duty police officers and private security guards. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a SWAT team, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) were all ready in case of any incidents. At the time, there was reportedly "no immediate credible threat" of an attack.

American Freedom Defense Initiative

Main article: Stop Islamization of America

The AFDI was organized by Geller and Robert Spencer in 2010. The AFDI, which describes itself as a "human rights organization dedicated to free speech, religious liberty and individual rights", is listed by the controversial Southern Poverty Law Center as an anti-Muslim hate group. Geller stated to CNN "Who designated the SPLC as a legitimate authority? They are a radical leftist group who targets patriots, vets and even GOP presidential candidates. They have never named a jihadi group as a hate group."

Curtis Culwell Center

The "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest" event was hosted at the Curtis Culwell Center, rented from the Garland Independent School District. The center previously hosted a fundraiser in January called "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect", which was organized to combat negative stereotypes of Islam. Pamela Geller had spearheaded about 1,000 picketers at that event.

Before the start of the "First Annual Muhammad Art Exhibit and Contest", there were concerns expressed by Garland citizens about the center hosting the event due to potential backlash and retaliation, a sentiment that had also been brought up prior to the "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect" event. However, officials allowed both events to proceed as planned, since the school district was bound by a nondiscriminatory leasing policy. Garland ISD board president Rick Lambert said in January, "The Culwell Center is available for rental as long as you comply with the law. Because it is a public facility, the district is not allowed to discriminate based upon viewpoint."

Attack

Just before the event was set to end at around 7:00 p.m., two men wearing body armor and armed with assault rifles pulled up in a vehicle beside a police car parked next to a barricade set up in front of the center. Seated inside the police car was a Garland traffic police officer and an unarmed Garland ISD security guard. The two gunmen got out of their vehicle and opened fire on the police car, shooting the Garland ISD security guard. The men were then shot and killed by the traffic police officer using his duty .45-caliber Glock pistol. SWAT officers also opened fire on the gunmen. The Garland ISD officer, identified as 58-year-old Bruce Joiner, was shot in the ankle. He was treated at a local hospital and confirmed to be released at 9:00 p.m.

Authorities were worried that the suspects' car could contain an incendiary device; as a precaution, several nearby businesses were evacuated and a bomb squad was called to the scene. Police cordoned off a large area and at least three helicopters circled overhead. An officer dressed in SWAT gear took the stage toward the end of the event and told attendees that a shooting had occurred, stating that one officer and two suspects had been shot. It was later confirmed that there were no explosives inside the vehicle.

Perpetrators

Elton Simpson, aged 30, and Nadir Soofi, aged 34, both natives of Phoenix, Arizona, were identified as the assailants in the attack. They were roommates living in a Phoenix apartment at the time. Simpson had been convicted of a terror-related charge, and supported an ISIS propagandist.

Simpson was the subject of an FBI investigation in 2007, during which it recorded him stating his intent to travel to Somalia and join fellow jihadists. He had caught the FBI's attention due to his ties with Hassan Abujihaad, a former United States Navy sailor who was convicted of disclosing the locations and weaknesses of Navy ships to a jihadist website. In 2010, one day before Simpson was scheduled to travel to Somalia, he was arrested by federal agents. Simpson was convicted of making a false statement involving international and domestic terrorism, and sentenced to three years of probation and a $600 fine in August 2011 after lying to a federal agent about his travel plans, as there was no substantial proof he planned to join a terrorist organization. He was put on the US federal no-fly list.

Simpson converted to Islam while in high school. His lawyer described him as "particularly devout" and "entrenched in Islam", but said he didn't seem a threat to anyone. Simpson was a longtime worshipper at the Islamic Community Center in Phoenix, but according to the mosque's president he stopped showing up months prior to the attack. Simpson asked his readers on Twitter to follow an ISIS propagandist. After the shooting, that ISIS propagandist tweeted: "Allahu Akbar!!!! 2 of our brothers just opened fire."

Minutes prior to the attack, Simpson posted a tweet with the hashtag #texasattack: "May Allah accept us as mujahideen." In his tweet he also said Simpson and Soofi had pledged allegiance to "Amirul Mu'mineen," which terrorism analyst Paul Cruickshank said probably refers to ISIS leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi.

Soofi's father is Pakistani, and his mother is American. According to his mother, he was born at Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and lived in Garland until age 3. When his parents divorced, Soofi moved from Pakistan to the US in 1998 to live with his mother. In the 1990s, Soofi attended a private school in Islamabad, Pakistan. He wrote a note four years prior to the attack, in which he asked Allah for forgiveness for every sin – both intentional and unintentional. Soofi had been arrested a number of times for minor offenses, including dangerous driving and unlawful possession of drugs. He was survived by his mother and an eight-year-old son.

ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack, stating on the group's Al Bayan radio station that "two soldiers of the Caliphate executed an attack on an art exhibit in Garland, Texas.... This exhibit was portraying negative pictures of the Prophet Mohammed." ISIS also promised to launch further attacks in the future. There was not initially evidence that the terror group had contact with the perpetrators, though law enforcement groups are investigating a possible link. It is the first time ISIS has claimed responsibility for an attack on U.S. soil. After the attack, Phoenix police began searching the two assailants' apartment.

Reactions

Following the attack, Texas Governor Greg Abbott released a statement, calling the attack "senseless" and promising there was an investigation underway. He also issued his gratitude to the Garland police officers for their swift action against the assailants. U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson also said that the attack "serves as a reminder that free and protected speech, no matter how offensive to some, never justifies violence of any sort. This attack also underscores the importance of close collaboration between federal, state and local authorities in our Nation's homeland security efforts, as well as public awareness and vigilance." Johnson urged American citizens to not "misdirect" their anger at Muslims. U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also condemned the attack in a statement.

Muslim organizations also reacted to the attack. The Council on American–Islamic Relations issued a statement condemning the attack and saying, "Bigoted speech can never be an excuse for violence." Dr. Nasim Rehmatullah, National Vice President of the U.S. chapter of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, also said in a statement, "Violence is never an acceptable response to hate speech, no matter how inflammatory and uncivilized that speech is. While we do not yet know what motivated these shooters, we urge calm and defer to local, state, and federal authorities to peaceably and justly resolve this."

In an interview with CNN, Geller denied that the event was intentionally provocative, criticized the media for not defending the First Amendment, and pointed out that other religions have been similarly offended but do not react violently. Geller later told CNN that the shooting would not stop her and the AFDI from organizing similar events in the future. She said regarding the attack, "Freedom of speech is under violent assault here." She also said that the shooting showed how "needed our event really was."

References

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^ "Two gunmen shot dead by cops after opening fire outside controversial 'Prophet Muhammad' art exhibit in Texas". New York Daily News. May 3, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
Gerardo Martinez (May 3, 2015). "2 dead after gunfire outside Muhammad cartoon exhibit in Garland". cbs19.tv. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
"IS says it was behind US Prophet cartoon attack". BBC. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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"ISIS claims responsibility for Texas attack". CBS News. May 5, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
^ "Traffic cop killed both attackers at Mohammed exhibit in Texas". USA Today. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Thomas Lifson (May 4, 2015). "The Muhammad cartoon that won the Draw Muhammad contest". American Thinker.
Naheed Rajwani (May 4, 2015). "Garland cartoon contest winner reacts to shooting: "They came to kill us and died for it. Justice."". Dallas Morning News.
^ Chuck Ross (May 4, 2015). "Shooting in Texas Outside of Muslim Cartoon Event". Daily Caller.
Eugene Volokh (April 29, 2015). "Congressmen Keith Ellison and André Carson call for denial of visa to Dutch legislator Geert Wilders". The Washington Post.
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Shaykh ‘Abd al-Rahmaan al-Barraak, Majallat al-Da'wah, Islam QA Fatwa 14305: It is essential to respond to those who defame the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), retrieved February 12, 2015; "If we leave the kuffaar and atheists to say whatever they want without denouncing it or punishing them, great mischief will result, which is something that these kuffaar love....Whoever hears the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) being insulted and does not feel any protective jealousy or get angry is not a true believer – we seek refuge with Allaah from humility, kufr and obeying the Shaytaan".
^ "Police raid home of gunman in Mohammad cartoon attack in Texas". Reuters. May 4, 2015.
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Chasmar, Jessica (January 18, 2015). "'Stand With Prophet' event in Texas draws thousands of protesters". The Washington Times. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
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^ "2 Dead In Shooting At Muhammad Art Exhibit In Garland". CBS DFW. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
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^ "Police Search Phoenix Apartment of Curtis Culwell Center Attack". Alaska Native News. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
^ Holly Yan, CNN (May 5, 2015). "Who are the gunmen behind the Texas shooting?". CNN. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
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Weiss, Jeffrey (May 4, 2015). "Garland shooter's mom says her son died near where he was born, gave no hint of violence". Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
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Real Clear Politics: “Pamela Geller vs. CNN Host on Mohammed Cartoon Contest Shooting: "We're Abridging Our Freedoms So As Not To Offend Savages" May 4, 2015|"Intentionally incendiary and provocative by drawing a cartoon? This is the low state of freedom of speech in this country. I disagree, and I disagree most vehemently. The First Amendment, not the Eighth, not the 10th, but the First, protects all speech, not just ideas that we like. But even core political speech, ideas that we don't like, because who would decide what's good and what's forbidden? The Islamic state? the government? Inoffensive speech, Alisyn, needs no protection, but in a pluralistic society you have offensive speech. You have ideas. You have an exchange of ideas. You don't shut down a discussion because I'm offended. If something offends me, should I go out and slaughter people?"
Real Clear Politics: “Pamela Geller vs. CNN Host on Mohammed Cartoon Contest Shooting: "We're Abridging Our Freedoms So As Not To Offend Savages" May 4, 2015|“Well, it's dangerous because increasingly, we're abridging our freedoms, so as not to offend savages. The very idea that if something offends me, or I don't – or I'm insulted by something, I'll kill you and that way I can get my way, and somehow this is okay with members of the elite media and academia is outrageous”
Real Clear Politics: “Pamela Geller vs. CNN Host on Mohammed Cartoon Contest Shooting: "We're Abridging Our Freedoms So As Not To Offend Savages" May 4, 2015|"When Jesus Christ was put in a jar of urine it was called art. Did Christians like it? Of course not. Did they slaughter people? Did they burn embassies? Did they kill whole communities? Of course not. This cannot be sanctioned. This cannot be sanctioned. The West must stand up for freedom of speech. It's the core, fundamental element of this constitutional republic."
"Garland shooting stirs debate about cartoon contest". WFAA. May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 4, 2015.
"Garland Officer Saved Lives at Muhammad Art Contest, Police Say", nbcdfw.com; accessed May 5, 2015.

External links

American Freedom Defense Initiative, site with video of the contest event

Depictions of Muhammad

History

Controversies

Lars Vilks drawings Everybody Draw Mohammed Day The Satanic Verses controversy Trial of Ghazi Beji and Jabeur Mejri 2006 Idomeneo controversy
Jyllands-Posten cartoons	Descriptions Reprints Opinions Timeline Akkari-Laban dossier Protest outside the Danish embassy in London Bombing of Danish embassy in Islamabad
Charlie Hebdo	2015 shooting 2020 stabbing attack Issue No. 1011 Issue No. 1178 Je suis Charlie

Books

Biographies
of Muhammad
(Category)

Films
(Category)

Television

Muhammad: The Final Legacy The Life of Muhammad Islam: The Untold Story Omar Khaybar
South Park	"Super Best Friends" "Cartoon Wars Part I" "Cartoon Wars Part II" "200" "201"

Video games

Islamic State

Names of the Islamic State

Members
(List of leaders)

Current

† Former

History

Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (1999–2004)
Al-Qaeda in Iraq (2004–2006)
Mujahideen Shura Council (2006)
Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2013)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2013–2014)
Islamic State (2014–present)

Timeline of events

Groups

International branches

Unorganized cells

Wars

Battles

2013	Akashat Hawija Raqqa Al-Shabah Ras al-Ayn Tell Abyad Latakia Menagh Sidi Ali Ben Aoun Sadad Qalamoun Aleppo Al-Yaarubiyah Tell Hamis and Tell Brak Anbar
2014	Fallujah N Aleppo Markada N Iraq (Jun) Mosul Salahuddin Baiji (Jun) Tikrit N Iraq (Aug) Kobanî Sinjar (Aug) Derna Ramadi Deir ez-Zor Baiji (14–15) Sinjar (Dec) Zumar Amirli
2015	Nofaliya W Africa Egyptian airstrikes in Libya Niger raid E al-Hasakah Tikrit Sirte Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr) Sarrin (Mar–Apr) Yarmouk Qalamoun Palmyra (May) W al-Hasakah Al-Hasakah city Tell Abyad Sarrin (Jun–Jul) Al-Hasakah Kobani Palmyra (Jul–Aug) Ramadi (15–16) Al-Qaryatayn Al-Hawl Homs (Nov–Dec) Sinjar E Aleppo (15–16) Niveneh Plains Tishrin Dam
2016	Deir ez-Zor (Jan) Fallujah (Feb–May) Nangarhar Ben Guerdane Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar) Al-Shaddadi Khanasir Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr) Palmyra (Mar) N Aleppo (Mar–Jun) Hīt Tipo-Tipo Sirte Ar-Rutbah N Raqqa Fallujah (May–Jun) Manbij Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun) Abu Kamal al-Rai (Aug) N al-Bab (Sep) W al-Bab (Sep) Dabiq W al-Bab (Oct–Nov) Al-Bab Aleppo Palmyra
2017	Mosul (16–17) Raqqa (16–17) Palmyra Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb) E Aleppo (Jan–Apr) E Homs Hama W Nineveh Tabqa Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17) Syrian Desert (May–Jul) Maskanah Marawi Raqqa S Raqqa C Syria Tal Afar Deir ez-Zor (17–19) Hawija E Syria (Sep–Dec) NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18) Abu Kamal W Iraq
2018	As-Suwayda (Jun) S Syria As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)
2019	Hajin Baghuz Fawqani Barisha raid
2020	Chinagodrar Danag Mocímboa da Praia Al Bayda
2021	Tessit Palma Sambisa Dangarous
2022	Al-Hasakah Atme raid Andéramboukane Talataye
2023	Falagountou

Attacks

2014	Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting Camp Speicher massacre Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming
2015	Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege Beheading of Copts in Libya Corinthia Hotel Al Qubbah bombings Bardo National Museum Sanaa bombings (Mar) Jalalabad bombing Curtis Culwell Center Qatif & Dammam bombings 26 June Kobanî massacre Saint-Quentin-Fallavier Kuwait mosque bombing Sousse Khan Bani Saad bombing Suruç bombing Baghdad bombing (Aug) Sanaa bombing (Sep) Ankara bombings Saihat shooting Metrojet Flight 9268 Beirut bombings Paris (Nov) Tunis bombing San Bernardino attack Qamishli bombings
2016	Zliten truck bombing Hurghada Istanbul bombing (Jan) Jakarta Ramadi bombing Mahasin mosque Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan) Mosul massacre Homs bombings (Feb) Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb) Baghdad bombings (Feb) Istanbul bombing (Mar) Brussels bombings Aden bombing Iskandariya bombing Baghdad bombing (Apr) Samawa bombing Gaziantep bombing (May) Baghdad bombings (11 May) Real Madrid fan club massacres Baghdad gas plant Yemen police bombings (15 May) Baghdad bombings (17 May) Jableh & Tartous bombings (May) Yemen bombings (23 May) Aktobe shootings Pulse nightclub shooting Magnanville stabbing Mukalla (Jun) Movida Bar Atatürk Airport Dhaka (Jul) Karrada bombing Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum Nice truck Würzburg train Kabul bombing (Jul) Ansbach bombing Normandy church Qamishli bombings (Jul) Charleroi stabbing Shchelkovo Highway police station Aden bombing (Aug) Syria bombings (5 Sep) Baghdad bombings (9 Sep) Baghdad bombings (Oct) Quetta police college Hamam al-Alil massacre Khuzdar bombing Samarinda bombing Hillah bombing (Nov) Aden bombings (Dec) Botroseya bombing Al-Karak Berlin truck Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin Baghdad bombings (Dec)
2017	Istanbul nightclub shooting Baghdad bombings (2 Jan) Azaz bombing (Jan) Sehwan bombing Kabul (Mar) Westminster St Petersburg Metro bombing Egypt church bombings Mastung bombing Manchester Arena bombing Jakarta bombings Minya Al-Faqma bombing London Bridge Brighton siege Tehran Pakistan attacks (Jun) Hurghada Quetta bombing (Aug) Barcelona Brussels (Aug) Nasiriyah Afghanistan (20 Oct) New York City truck Sinai mosque Kabul bombing (28 Dec) Saint Menas church
2018	Baghdad bombings Save The Children Jalalabad Kizlyar church shooting Kabul bombing (Mar) Carcasonne & Trèbes Kabul bombing (22 Apr) Kabul bombings (30 Apr) Tripoli Mako Brimob standoff Paris knife Surabaya bombings Liège Jalalabad bombing (Jul) Mastung & Bannu bombings Quetta bombing As-Suwayda Tajikistan attack Kabul (Sep) Ahvaz military parade Minya bus Melbourne stabbing Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland
2019	Jolo Cathedral bombings Sri Lanka Easter bombings Sainthamaruthu shootout Kabul bombing (17 Aug)
2020	Kabul shooting (6 Mar) Kabul gurdwara Xitaxi Afghanistan (May) Jalalabad prison Jolo bombings Kabul University Vienna Afghanistan (Dec)
2021	Machh January Baghdad bombings Kabul school bombing Kabul airport Kunduz bombing Kandahar bombing Kampala bombings Kabul hospital
2022	Diyala massacre Peshawar mosque Hadera shooting Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings Bourasso and Namissiguima Kuje prison break 5 August Kabul bombing August Kabul mosque bombing Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul Shah Cheragh Kabul hotel
2023	Kabul airport bombing Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing Al-Sukhnah Hama Khar bombing Arras school stabbing Pul-i-Khumri bombing Brussels shooting Kabul bombing (Nov) Paris Mindanao State University bombing
2024	Kerman bombings Istanbul church shooting Balochistan bombings Sibi bombing Mucojo attack Karabulak clash Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing Tillabéri attack Crocus City Hall attack 2024 Guzara Attack 2024 Bamyan shooting 2024 Beirut US embassy shooting Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis 2024 Dagestan attacks 2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade 2024 Muscat mosque shooting 2024 Kabul bus bombing Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis 2024 Solingen stabbing 2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing 2024 Afghanistan bus shooting

Politics and organization

Relations

Society

Media

Revision as of 18:41, 5 May 2015

Background

Muhammad exhibit and contest

Depictions of Muhammad

Security preparations

American Freedom Defense Initiative

Curtis Culwell Center

Attack

Perpetrators

Reactions

See also

References

External links