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Kuirbet Susya (Template:Lang-ar, Template:Lang-he-n) is a Palestinian village. Since the early 19th century, Palestinians from nearby Yatta used caves in and around historical Susya for several months during grazing time.

In 1986, after the site was declared "archaeological site" by Israeli Civil Administration, the residents were expelled from it. They relocated to other caves in the area and built shelters on agricultural land. After the murder of Yair Har-Sinai from the nearby Susya settlement, in 2001, the village was demolished for the second time. Currently there are demolition orders standing for the structures of the village.

The Palestinian community has a population of 250 residents as of 2013. The first overground structures were erected in the 1990's.

Legal status

International law prevents the forced transfer of residents in occupied territories. http://www.btselem.org/press_releases/20150507_khirbet_susiya_facing_expulsion Some argue that residents of Palestinian susya should be considered “protected persons” while Israel’s High Court of Justice rejected the petition.

Seasonality

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine says "This ruin has also been at one time a place of importance...".

Yaakov Havakook who live with cave dwellers in the region between 1977-1979 writes that Khirbet Susya was a seasonal village used during the winter months for grazing.

In a population survey done by the British government in 1945 Khirbet Susya isn't mention.

Land ownership

In 1982, Plia Albeck, head of the Civil Division in the State Attorney’s Office acknowledged that Khirbet Susya residents own 3,000 dunam of land on which the village was built. According to findings by the Israeli Civil Administration officer Moshe Meiri, the claim to ownership of the land appears to be grounded on a valid Ottoman period title, dating back to 1881, in the possession of the Jabor family, This document has been known to Israeli officials since 1982, Though the precise extent of their land was not specified in the document, in an internal review of the case in 2015 Meiri established from the geographical features mentioned that the land covered territory now belonging to the Jabor and Nawaja families, and the villages on the basis of their Ottoman period documents claim an area that covers some 3,000 dunams (741 acres).

History and background

Palestinian Susya, called Susya al-Qadima ('Old Susya') is constituted of permanent cave homes. The construction the Israeli settlement in the neighbourhood of Palestinian Susya, called Susya Al-Qadime, their ownership of which land has been established in law, and which was located near the ancient synagogue, was decided by Israel and the World Zionist Organization in 1982, as part of 8 new settlements. In June 1986, Israel expropriated the village's residential ground for "public use", for an 'archeological park', evicting villagers from their homes and lands. The expelled Susyans settled in cave and tin shacks 500 metres away, at a site now called Rujum al-Hamri, to restart their lives. According to David Shulman, for some decades they were subject, to many violent attacks, and settler recourse to both civil and military courts, to drive them out. The BBC broadcast film of settler youths beating an old woman and her family with cudgels to drive them away from their land, in 2008.

The Israeli government in a petition to the High Court has proposed demolishing the village and removing its inhabitants to Yatta, citing archaeological and legal reasons. According to aerial photography, most of the village was constructed after the signing of the Oslo accords, which would require a permit as the village is in Area C. Since the structures were built without permission of the Israeli authorities on a state-owned archeological site, the structures in the Palestinian village are considered by the government to be illegal.

Since then the local villages, like Palestinian Susya, have been losing land, and being cut off from each other, as the nearby settlements of Carmel, Maon, Susya and Beit Yatir began to be built and developed, and illegal outposts established. David Dean Shulman described the reality he observed in 2008:

Susya: where thirteen impoverished families are clinging tenaciously,but probably hopelessly, to the dry hilltop and the few fields that are all that remain of their vast ancestral lands.

The second expulsion took place in 1990, when Rujum al-Hamri's inhabitants were loaded onto trucks by the IDF and dumped at the Zif Junction, 15 kilometres northwards a roadside at the edge of a desert. Most returned and rebuilt on a rocky escarpment within their traditional agricultural and grazing territory. Their wells taken, they were forced to buy water from nearby Yatta. Israel sheep-herding settlers expanded their unfenced land use at Mitzpe Yair and the Dahlia Farm. According to B'tselem, by 2010 settlers were cultivating roughly 40 hectares, about 15% of the land area to which they deny access to the traditional Palestinian users of that area. Since 2000 Jewish settlers in Susiya have denied Palestinians access to 10 cisterns in the area, or according to more recent accounts, 23,. and try to block their access to others. Soil at Susya, with a market value of NIS 2,000 per truckload, is also taken from lands belonging to the village of Yatta.

The third expulsion occurred in June 2001, when settler civilians and soldiers drove the Palestinians of Susya out, without warning, with, reportedly violent arrests and beatings, destroying their tents and caves, blocking their cisterns, killing their livestock and digging up their agricultural land. The settlers established a "Dahlia Farm" in the same year, and an outpost was set up on the archeological site. On Sept 26 of the same year, by an order of the Israeli Supreme Court, these structures were ordered to be destroyed and the land returned to the Palestinians. Settlers and the IDF prevented the villagers from reclaiming their land, some 750 acres. The villagers made an appeal to the same court to be allowed to reclaim their lands and live without harassment. Some 93 events of settler violence were listed. The settlers made a counter-appeal, and one family that had managed to return to its land suffered a third eviction. Land next to the Palestinian village of Susya was confiscated from the village of Yatta, from which a dozen local families had been expelled to make way on the pretext of archeological digs, according to one source. A major expansion of the new settlement began on 18 September 1999, when its boundaries expanded northwards and eastwards, with the Palestinian Shreiteh family allegedly losing roughly 150 more dunams.

According to B'tselem, the Palestinians that remain in the area live in tents on a small rocky hill between the settlement and the archeological park which is located within walking distance. According to Amnesty International, ten caves inhabited by Susya Palestinian families were blown up by the IDF in 1996, and some 113 tents were destroyed in 1998. Amnesty International also reports that official documents asking them to leave the area address them generically as 'intruders' (polesh/intruder). Most of the rain-catching water cisterns used by the local Palestinian farmers of Susya were demolished by the Israeli army in 1999 and 2001. A local Susya resident told Amnesty International,

'Water is life ; without water we can’t live; not us, not the animals, or the plants. Before we had some water, but after the army destroyed everything we have to bring water from far away ; it’s very difficult and expensive. They make our life very difficult, to make us leave.'

In 2001, Yair Har-Sinai was killed in a brawl with local Palestinians. A Palestinian, Jihad Najar, was convicted of murder and received a sentence of life imprisonment. The IDF then evicted the 300 Palestinians in the area, demolishing some of their makeshift homes. They have sought redress in an Israeli court. Jewish residents of Susya have harassed local Palestinians, destroyed their property, and hindered them from gathering their crops from olive groves. In 2009 Yaakov Teitel, was indicted for the 2007 murder of a Palestinian shepherd from Susya.

While the Israeli settlement has mains power and piped water from Israel, the Palestinians depend on solar panels and wind turbine energy made possible by a Palestinian/Israeli NGO – Comet - and on wells. This project has been shortlisted for the BBC World Challenge which highlighted the involvement of two Israeli physicists, Elad Orian and Noam Dotan. According to David Hirst, the inhabitants of al-Amniyr, at-Tuwani and the other villages that comprise Susiya, are faced with a catch-22. If they comply with the law they cannot build cisterns and collect even the rainwater. But if they fail to work their lands, they lose it anyway. One small enclave that remains for a Bedouin pastoralist's family suffers from further encroachment, with one settler, according to David Shulman, managing to wrest 95% of the family's land, and still intent on entering the remainder.

In a ruling delivered in December 2013, the Israel High Court of Justice accepted that Yatta Palestinians had shown their legal attachment to a stretch of land between Susya and the illegal settlement of Mitzpe Yair, but requested them to withdraw their petition against the settlers who are alleged to have illegally seized these lands. The subject of a petition concerns 300 dunams of agricultural land, and a further 900 dunams of pasture of which, the Palestinians argue, they were forced by violent attacks from using for agriculture and herding. The court held that the proper option open to the Palestinians was recourse to a civil legal action. Of the 120 complaints registered with Israeli police in Hebron by Palestinians of Susya, regarding alleged attacks, threats, incursions, and property damage wrought by settlers down to 2013, upwards of 95% have been dismissed, without charges being laid.

Demolition Orders

After 1985,when the population was expelled, attempts by the Palestinian of Susya to rebuild their village have been been razed by Israel four times, in 1991, 1997 and twice in 2001. Since it is classified within Area C of the West Bank, it lies under Israeli military occupation and control. Though they own much of the land, Israel denies building permits to Susya's residents and therefore they build without permission from Israeli authorities. The master plan for Susiya was denied by the Israeli Civil Administration as opposed to the Israeli settlement of Susya, and Palestinians are required to obtain permits from the Israeli Civil Administration.

In 2008 the Supreme Court turned down the villagers' request for a staying order on planned demolition. According to Daviod Dean Shulman, the State attorney claimed that the Palestinians of Susya were a security threat to the settlers, and had to be moved. When asked by the judges where they would move to, the State replied:'We don’t know. They are unfortunates, miskenim.'.

On November 24, 2011 bulldozers razed two tents where the Mughnem family dwells on their own land in Susya.

The Jewish settlers of Susya and the Israeli pro-settler association NGO Regavim petitioned the High Court to demolish Palestinian Susya, defining the villagers as 'trespassers' living in 'illegal outposts', terms usually applied to illegal Jewish outposts on the West Bank.

On June 14 an Israeli court issued 6 demolition orders covering 50 buildings including tent dwellings, ramshackle huts, sheep pens, latrines, water cisterns, a wind-and-sun powered turbine, and the German-funded solar panels in most of the Palestinian village of Susya. Over 500 people from Tel Aviv, Beer Sheva, and Jerusalem came to mount a peaceful protest on June 22.

According to Amira Hass, before fifteen senior EU diplomats visiting the area on 8 August 2012, Susya villager Nasser Nawaja'a complained that "(t)here are in this village octogenarians who are older than the State of Israel . . . How can they be told that their residence here is illegal?" The EU has declared it does not expect that the demolition order will be executed.

On 24 August 2012 a further demolition took place. On 29 August the IDF destroyed a sheepfold and two tents, one a dwelling and the other for storage, donated to villagers of Palestinian Susiya by the United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

On the 26 June 2013, the Israeli Civil Administration, a military body, raided Palestinian Susya and handed out 40 demolition orders for many structures, tents, hothouses, a water well and a solar panel, established on humanitarian grounds by the European Union. Nearby Israeli settlers built two additional and unauthorized houses in the Mitzpeh Avigayil outpost, without interference.

In May 2015, the Israel High Court approved the demolition of Palestinian Susya. The implementation of the plan will leave 450 villagers homeless. A delegation of diplomats from 28 European countries visited Susiya in June and urged Israel not to evict its 300 Palestinian residents, a move that would endanger in their view the 2-state solution.

In July the US State Department urged Israel to refrain from any demolitions and asked it to seek a peaceful resolution with villagers and the European Union issued a strongly worded admonition urging Israel to abandon plans for the "forced transfer of population and demolition of Palestinian housing and infrastructure" in Khirbet Susiya.

Controversy

The Israeli government and courts have repeatedly rejected the Palestinian narrative surrounding Khirbet Susya and has been supported by numerous non-governmental and non-profit organizations.

The Israeli High Court has ruled repeatedly against the assertions of the defendants (HC 7530/01, 430/12, 1556/12, 1420/14). The Court has also ruled that rather than rendering the inhabitants homeless, the Nawajah family has permanent homes in the nearby village of Yatta, (HCJ 430/12 and HCJ 1556/12). Moreover, according to Regavim, 85% of the 64 structures currently in Khirbet Susya were built between 2011 and 2013 in direct contravention of the orders of the Israeli courts who have jurisdiction over planning and building in Area C.

Additionally, even though the Israeli government views all the structures at Khirbet Susya to be built illegally, according to the Israeli Foreign Ministry, only those built after the ruling of the High Court in 2013 are currently slated for evacuation as they directly defied the ruling. This was decided in a court ruling on 4 May 2015 which cited the defendants continued build illegally while Israel abided by a cease and desist order not to demolish any buildings. The remaining structures whose legal standing is in question will not be removed until the Court hearing in August 2015 should the court rule against the defendants. Even then, the Israeli government has offered, despite not being required to do so by law, to transfer land that is of equal or better quality to the claimants near the village of Yatta where the family already has homes.

The Israeli Foreign Ministry also disputes the claim that Khirbet Susya has been permanently inhabited for any extended period of time, stating "ontrary to Palestinian claims that these structures have been permanently inhabited for decades, in fact, only a handful of families resided there in the 1980s and they only used the structures on a seasonal basis. " The records of Susya from the 19th century are also not all in agreement that a permanent Arab town existed there at all. Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions: A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 & 1852 by Edward Robinson, Eli Smith, states that unlike the nearby towns of Yatta, and Samu, "Susieh is a tract of ruins in the middle of the plain, said to be large, with many columns, though there seemed to be no houses standing." Additionally, a Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement in 1875 only references "Susieh" in relation to the ancient ruins and makes no mention of it as an inhabited village. Moreover, the detailed "Palestine North Sheet" map from 1946, used by Moshe Dayan and preserved by the pro-Palestinian site "Palestine Remembered," does not have Susya marked at all, either as a village or a ruin despite the fact that all the nearby villages are clearly marked.

On 24 July 2015, Bezalel Smotrich, Deputy Speaker of the Knesset, wrote a letter to US Ambassador to Israel Dan Shapiro in regards to the position towards Susya by the US government. In the letter, Smotrich brought six assertions that are reflective of the Israeli government's position:

1. First and foremost it must be clarified that the claim that this refers to an Arab village that has been in existence for hundreds of years, or even for decades, is, quite simply, a bald-faced lie. Aerial photographs attest that no settlement existed in the location where the current illegal encampment stands prior to the year 2000, apart from 4-5 structures, which were built during the late 90s.
2. Today, the encampment includes more than 64 illegal structures, with more than 54 of them having been built between 2011-2013. It is clear to any law-abiding person that this is scandalous.
3. More egregious, is that in addition to illegal building, in 2013 there was an interim order issued by the High Court of Israel forbidding this illegal construction in this place, establishing clearly that it was forbidden to carry out any additional illegal construction. After the order was issued, more than 30 additional illegal structures were built, which constitutes more than half the total number of structures currently in the encampment, in direct violation of the standing order issued by the High Court of Israel.
4. In actuality, this is a land grab by the Nuwajah family from the city of Yatta, of lands that never belonged to them, ignoring the law and building illegal structures in contravention of administrative orders issued against them by the Civil Administration, as well as explicit orders issued against them by the High Court of Israel.
5. An inspection of the Population Registry of the Civil Administration revealed that the majority of family members residing in the illegal encampment, have homes in the city of Yatta – that is, rather than talking about expulsion of people from their land of many years, this is the removal of squatters.
6. In a most distressing manner, the announcement by the State Department called upon the State of Israel to engage in dialogue with the illegal residents of the encampment for humanitarian reasons. This was stated despite the fact that the State of Israel, out of the utmost leniency and humanitarian concern, and the fact that these families have homes, has agreed to allocate to residents of the encampment an area in exchange, on State land adjacent to the town of Yatta in Area C.

References

1. ^ 'Khirbet Susiya,' B'tselem 1 Jan 2013.
2. ^ Yaakov, Havakook (1985). Live in Caves of Mount Hebron. p. 26. Cite error: The named reference "Havakook" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
3. "The Facts about the Arab encampment near Susiya". Regavim.
4. Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 414
5. "Village Statistics".
6. "The Palestinian lie - the village that doesn't exist".
7. Barak Ravid, Chaim Levinson, ‘Defense Ministry internal report: Land at village slated for demolition privately owned by Palestinians,’ Haaretz 26 July 2015.
8. 'In light of new internal review, Israeli military administration to reevaluate demolishing West Bank village, report says,’ The Times of Israel 26 July, 2015.
9. ^ David Shulman, ‘'I Am an Illegal Alien on My Own Land,’ at The New York Review of Books, June 28, 2012.
10. Nadia Abu. Zahra, 'IDs and Territory: Control for Resource Expropriation,' in Deborah Cowen and Emil Gilbert (eds.),War, citizenship, territory , Routledge, 2008, pp-303-326, p.322.
11. ^ 'Susya: A History of Loss,' Rabbis for Human Rights 7 November 2013.
12. ^ Ta'ayush, Aggressive Zionist body wins court order to demolish Palestinian village, at Jews for Justice for Palestinians, 14 June 2012.
13. Tim Franks, 'West Bank attack filmed,' BBC News 12 June 2008
15. Chaim Levinson,'Israel seeks to demolish Palestinian village on ‘archaeological’ grounds ,' Haaretz 28 March 2015.
16. Julie M. Norman, The second Palestinian Intifada: civil resistance, Taylor & Francis, 2010 p.43.
17. ^ David Dean Shulman, 'On Being Unfree:Fences, Roadblocks and the Iron Cage of Palestine,' Manoa Vol,20, No. 2, 2008, pp. 13-32
18. Amanda Cahill Ripley, The Human Right to Water and Its Application in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Taylor & Francis, 2011 p.155.
19. Chaim Levinson, 'West Bank settlers stealing tons of soil from Palestinian land,' at Haaretz, 10 October 2012
20. Zahra, ibid.p.322 n.11
21. Applied Research Institute Jerusalem, (ARIJ), 18 September, 1999 Archived 2012-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
22. Nasser Nawaj'ah, 'How can you weather the storm when you’re barred from building a home?, B'tselem, 8 January 2015.
23. David Dean Shulman,Dark hope: working for peace in Israel and Palestine, University of Chicago Press, 2007 pp.37f.
24. 'Twenty years ago, the cave dwellers of Susya were evacuated from their original village on the pretext of archeological digs in the area. Some of the evacuees went to live on their lands close to the Israeli settlement which was founded a short time before. Five years ago the Israeli army destroyed the caves of these families, and since then they continued to live there in impermanent and improvised housing.(Krinis and Dunayevsky 2006)’, Deborah Cowen, Emily Gilbert, War, Citizenship, Territory, Routledge, London 2007 p.322.
25. Amnesty International. Israel-rapport 17.09.2001
26. Amnesty International,’Wire’ Vol.39, Issue 001, February/March 2009 p.7
27. David Shulman, Dark Hope, University of Chicago Press, 2007 p.61 writes: 'Yair Har-Sinai, . terrorized the Palestinians of South Hebron until he was killed in a brawl some years ago.'
28. Efrat Weiss,'6 years later: Life sentence for Palestinian who murdered Israeli,' in Ynet, 12 October 2007.
29. 'The state admitted the demolition was executed illegally. Justice Procaccia said that "the state did not establish a legal procedure which would allow for a building permit, hence the state is not carrying out its duties and is creating a situation under which a human's basic existence becomes impossible." Justice Hayut pointed to the absurdity of the situation, saying "the state admits an unauthorized action was carried out, which resulted in the demolition of structures that constituted the bare minimum in living conditions." Yuval Yoaz,'Court: Palestinian homes in southern Hebron Hills can stay,' Haaretz, 08/09/2004.
30. Shulman, 2007, pp. 57-63.
31. Gideon Levy, 'Adding insult to injury,'Ha’aretz, 5 September 2010.
32. Alleged Jewish terrorist: I know God is pleased Haaretz. 12 November 2009
33. Teitel indicted for murder, attempted murder YNet. 12 November 2009
34. Susya Sustainable Energy Project, Comet Middle East (Comet-ME)
35. BBC World Challenge
36. David Hirst, West Bank villagers’ daily battle with Israel over water,' at The Guardian, 14 September 2011.
37. David D. Shulman, 'Truth and Lies in South Hebron,' Jewish Quarterly June, 2013.'May 7th 2011. The settler in his Shabbat white, a huge knitted skullcap on his head, takes a pebble and holds it out on his fingertips to a Palestinian woman from Susya as he clucks his tongue at her, beckoning her as one would a dog. He has already taken 95% of the family’s land, and now he bullies his way into the tiny patch that is left in order to harass and humiliate further. As if throwing a dog a bone, he tosses the pebble at her and laughs..'
38. Amira Hass,Court asks Palestinians to drop land case against settlers,' at Haaretz, 23 December 2013.
39. Laurent Zecchini, 'La colonisation israélienne en marche à Susiya, village palestinien de Cisjordanie,' Le Monde 23 January 2012.
40. Anne Barker, Palestinians fighting order to demolish their village in the West Bank, ABC News, Monday, July 2, 2012
41. 'Palestinian village Khirbet Susiya under imminent threat of demolition and expulsion,' B'tselem 7 May 2015:'The village residents requested the order as part of their petition to the court against the Civil Administration’s decision to reject the master plan they had drawn up for the village. In the petition, Att. Qamar Mashraki from Israeli NGO Rabbis for Human Rights argued on behalf of the residents that their plan had been rejected for improper considerations, and that this constituted a double standard in planning and blatant discrimination against the Palestinian population. The state’s treatment of Khirbet Susiya and its residents illustrates its systemic use of planning laws to prevent Palestinians in Area C, which is under full Israeli control, from construction and development that meet their needs: most Palestinians in the area live in villages where the Israeli authorities have refused to draw up master plans and connect them to water and power supplies, under various pretexts. With no other choice, the residents eventually build homes without permits and subsequently live under constant threat of demolition and expulsion. This policy is intended to serve the goal, explicitly declared by Israeli officials in the past, of taking over land in the southern Hebron hills in order to formally annex it to Israel in a permanent-status agreement with the Palestinians, and annex it de facto until such a time. In implementing this policy, Israel is acting in contradiction to its obligation to care for the needs of West Bank residents as the occupying power there. . . The Israeli authorities’ policy towards the residents of Khirbet Susiya starkly contrasts their generous planning policy towards Israeli settlers in the area. The settlers of Susiya and its outposts enjoy full provision of services and infrastructure and are in no danger of their homes being demolished – despite the fact that the outposts are illegal under Israel law and in the settlement itself, according to figures published by settler organization Regavim, 23 homes were built on privately-owned Palestinian land.'
42. 'In shadow of settlement, Susiya villagers vow to fight displacement,' Ma'an News Agency4 June 2015.
43. Levinson, Chaim (26 November 2013). "A tale of two West Bank building permit requests". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 July 2015.:'The small Palestinian village of Susya, located next to the southern Hebron Hills settlement of the same name, had no permits for its buildings either. And that's still the case, since last month the Civil Administration rejected Susya residents' request for approval of a master plan that would have made their homes legal. .'
44. Amira Hass, 'Israeli demolition firm takes pride in West Bank operations,' at Haaretz, November 28, 2011
45. ^ Kate Laycock West Bank village struggles against demolition at Deutsche Welle, 5 July 2012.
46. Amira Hass, 'EU: We expect Israel to cancel demolition orders for Palestinian villages in Area C of West Bank,' at Haaretz, 9 August 2012.
47. Amira Hass, IDF razes Palestinian infrastructure in West Bank communities at Haaretz, 30 August 2012.
48. Chaim Levinson, 'The end of an EU international sustainability project? Israel orders demolition of West Bank village's tents, solar panels,' at Haaretz, 27 June 2013.
49. 'Israeli court approves demolition of Palestinian village,' Ma'an News Agency 4 May 2015.
50. Itamar Sharon/JTA,'US warns Israel against demolishing Palestinian town,' The Times of Israel 17 July 2015.
51. Tait, Robert (July 22, 2015). "EU warns Israel over West Bank bulldozing". The Daily Telegraph (UK). p. 15. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
52. The Jerusalem Post, 'Comment: The invention of the village of Susiya' at The Jerusalem Post, 24 July 2015
53. Regavim, 'The Facts about the Arab encampment near Susiya' at Regavim, 23 July 2015
54. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel), 'Behind the Headlines: Susiya' at Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel), 21 July 2015
55. Robinson, Edward; Smith, Eli (1856). Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions: A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 & 1852 Volume 1. London: Spotiswoode & Co.,. p. 494. Retrieved 24 July 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
56. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement for 1875. London. 1875. p. 18. Retrieved 24 July 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
57. Palestine North Sheet (Map). 1:250,000. Mandatory Palestine: Base Survey Drawing and Survey Process Office. April 1946. p. 1. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
58. Regavim, 'Letter from Deputy Speaker MK Betzalel Smotrich to US Ambassador to Israel re Susiya' at Regavim, 22 July 2015
59. Elder of Ziyon, 'Deputy Knesset speaker slams US over false Susiya comments' at Elder of Ziyon, 24 July 2015

Bibliography

• Yaavoc Havakook, Live in Caves of Mount Hebron, Tel Aviv: Defence Ministry publications, 1985.

External links

• Susiya, Palestine Solidarity Project
• Susya, from Ta'ayush

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