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Alice Goffman (born 1982) is an American sociologist, urban ethnographer, and assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and author of On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City.

Goffman is known for her work studying the impact of mass incarceration and policing on low-income urban communities.

Education

Goffman attended the Baldwin School in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. She earned a BA at the University of Pennsylvania and a PhD at Princeton University, both in sociology. Her doctoral dissertation committee was chaired by Mitchell Duneier and included Paul Dimaggio, Devah Pager, Cornel West, and Viviana Zelizer.

Career

While earning her PhD at Princeton, Goffman co-taught undergraduate courses with Mitch Duneier as a Lloyd Cotsen Graduate Teaching Fellow. In 2010, she as awarded a two-year fellowship at the University of Michigan as a Robert Wood Johnson Scholar. Since the fall of 2012, Goffman has taught both undergraduate and graduate level courses as an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At Madison, she established the Wisconsin Collective for Ethnographic Research with a colleague and serves on several committees. She currently serves as a reviewer and board member for several different sociological publications.

In 2014, Goffman published "On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City," an ethnographic account of her fieldwork on the impact of policing on the lives of young black men in West Philadelphia. Since the publication of "On the Run", Goffman has delivered talks at dozens of colleges, universities and conferences. In March 2015 she gave a TED talk titled "How we’re priming some kids for college – and others for prison."

In 2015, she was accepted to the one-year fellowship program at Princeton’s Institute for Advanced Study.

On the Run

On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City (University of Chicago Press, 2014, ISBN 9780226136714), began as a research project Goffman started as a second-year student at the University of Pennsylvania, when she immersed herself in a disadvantaged neighborhood of Philadelphia where young men are subject to a high level of surveillance and police activity. Goffman continued working on this project as a graduate student at Princeton, eventually turning it into her doctoral thesis and book. Issued in paperback in April 2015, the book uses the experience of Goffman's subjects to illustrate how young, black men are treated and mistreated by police within the framework of the American criminal justice system, and how this reshapes the lives of families in America's poor, black neighborhoods.

In the book’s introduction, Goffman highlights the central argument of the book as she writes: 'The sheer scope of policing and imprisonment in poor Black neighborhoods is transforming community life in ways that are deep and enduring, not only for the young men who are their targets but for their family members, partners, and neighbors.'"

Reception

Positive responses

The book was reviewed positively by many eminent sociologists, including Howard Becker, Elijah Anderson, Carol Stack and Cornel West. West writes: "Alice Goffman's On the Run is the best treatment I know of the wretched underside of neo-liberal capitalist America. Despite the social misery and fragmented relations, she gives us a subtle analysis and poignant portrait of our fellow citizens who struggle to preserve their sanity and dignity."

"On the Run" was also positively received outside of academia. The book was named by The New York Times as one of "100 notable books of 2014." The New York Times Book Review also named it as an "Editor's Choice" selection in its edition of July 6, 2014. Alex Kotlowitz in The New York Times called it "a remarkable feat of reporting." Writing in The New York Review of Books, Christopher Jencks predicted that the work will become "an ethnographic classic."

The book continued to gain popularity following Goffman’s TED Talk, which has nearly 1 million views and has been widely circulated online. The TED talk describes the consequences of incarceration and policing for marginalized young people, calling for an end to mass incarceration and highlighting the need for criminal justice reform in America. Goffman’s argument that "tough on crime" policing has done more harm than good has resounded with many advocates for reform on social media.

Criticism and allegations of inaccuracy

"On the Run" has received criticism form many sources for factual inaccuracy, in addition, it has been criticized from the right for "defending" criminal activity, and from the left for focusing too much on criminality. Dwayne Betts in Slate criticized Goffman for ignoring the lives of quiet achievement lived by most young men in the neighborhood she studied in favor of an "unrelenting focus on criminality." Christina Sharpe in The New Inquiry called Goffman out for focusing on the impact of race while failing to perceive the impact of class on the young men in the mixed-income neighborhood.

Controversy

Legal ethicist Steven Lubet, reviewing On the Run in The New Rambler, claimed that Goffman had admitted to committing conspiracy to commit murder and "involved her as an accomplice in the evident commission of a major felony" in a passage describing the aftermath of the murder of one of her sources. Following Goffman's response, he claimed that "Goffman essentially admits that she embellished and exaggerated her account of a crucial episode, which should leave even the most sympathetic readers doubting her word."

Lubet also questioned Goffman's claim that she had personally witnessed police officers making arrests after running the names of visitors to hospitals. Lubet cited a contact at the Philadelphia police department who denied such practices and called Goffman's account "outlandish". Journalist Dan McQuade of Philadelphia Magazine was similarly unable to verify Goffman's assertion through official hospital channels. Lubet also questioned a claim that one of Goffman's sources, 'Tim', had at the age of eleven been placed on three years of juvenile probation on the charge of “accessory” to receiving stolen property, after being arrested as a passenger in a stolen car.

Reporter Jesse Singal located some of the anonymised subjects of the book and interviewed them. He came to the conclusion that "her book is, at the very least, mostly true", though he was unable to obtain precise details of the hospital arrest incident or the arrest of the juvenile 'Tim'. Singal wrote that "Lubet's skepticism seems well-founded", and concluded that "the most likely explanation for these discrepancies is that simply didn’t heed her own advice about credulously echoing sources’ stories; it might be that important details about how these events unfolded got lost along the way."

An anonymous 57-page critique of On the Run was circulated on academic list-servs claiming that Goffman had fabricated many of the incidents she described. University of Wisconsin-Madison reviewed the anonymous allegations and found them to be "without merit". Goffman’s publishers told the Times that they stand behind Goffman and her book. Goffman's thesis adviser at Princeton, Mitchell Duneier, defended Goffman's veracity, telling The Chronicle of Higher Education that he met with and verified the identities of some of her informants.

Law professor Paul Campos cited, "numerous and significant incongruities, contradictions, inaccuracies, and improbable incidents scattered throughout," the text, asserting that Goffman's book reveals, "reveals flaws in the way social science in general, and ethnography in particular, is produced."

The popularity of On the Run in the mainstream media has put the practice of ethnography under scrutiny. Lubet and others have lamented that Goffman’s accounts cannot be verified, since she destroyed her field notes to protect the identity of the individuals in her book. Leon Nefaykh writing for Slate magazine suggests that this is a problem within the practice of ethnography itself: "In keeping with the methodological protocols of her chosen discipline, which typically demands that researchers grant their subjects total anonymity, Goffman changed details and scrambled facts in order to prevent readers from deducing the identities of the people she was writing about. In the process, she made her book all but impossible to fact-check."

In the Chronicle of Higher Education, sociologist Jack Katz also addressed the ethical dilemmas that accompany Goffman’s brand of ethnography: "Most of the time, people doing research on drugs and crime and the police don’t report the incidents that potentially compromise them. The ethical line she crossed, in a way, was honesty." Columbia sociologist Shamus Khan stated that "I don’t think Alice made up any data. I think there are questions about reporting things she heard as if they were things she saw (which she is hardly unique in doing – most people do this, but they definitely should not)."

Philip N. Cohen of the University of Maryland criticised a survey cited in On the Run which Goffman had conducted and previously published in the American Sociological Review, claiming "data and methodological reporting … are not up to established standards in sociology."

Awards

• 2011 Dissertation Award, American Sociological Association, for "the best PhD dissertation for a calendar year."
• 2010 Jane Addams Award for Best Article, Community and Urban Section of the American Sociological Association, for "On The Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto" published in the American Sociological Review.

Personal life

Goffman is the daughter of sociologist Erving Goffman and sociolinguist Gillian Sankoff. She is also the adopted daughter of linguist William Labov.

See also

• Chicago school (sociology)
• Urban anthropology
• Urban sociology

References

1. ^ "Alice Goffman Award Statement," American Sociological Association website. Accessed: May 31, 2015.
2. ^ Alice Goffman curriculum vitae, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Accessed: May 31, 2015.
3. Rizter, George, et al. (2003). "Erving Goffman". Ch.2 in The Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists. Accessed: June 12, 2015.
4. "Faculty page, Goffman". University of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
5. Hoffner, Gloria A. (December 6, 1999). "Ap Scholars Noted For High Test Marks". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
6. Princeton.edu
7. Healthpolicyscholars.org
8. Us.sagepub.com
9. Springer.com
10. ^ Ted.com Cite error: The named reference "ted" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
11. Ias.edu
12. ^ Press.uchicago.edu Cite error: The named reference "ontherun" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
13. ^ Parry, Marc (November 18, 2013). "The American Police State: A sociologist interrogates the criminal-justice system, and tries to stay out of the spotlight". The Chronicle of Higher Education. {{cite journal}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |journal= (help)
14. goffman, alice (2014). On The Run. New York: The University of Chicago. p. 5.
15. "100 Notable Books of 2014", The New York Times, December 2, 2014. Accessed: May 31, 2015.
16. "Editor's Choice". New York Times.
17. Kotlowitz, Alex (June 26, 2014). "Deep Cover: Alice Goffman's 'On the Run'". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
18. Jencks, Christopher (October 9, 2014). "On America's Front Lines". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved May 31, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
19. Urbanemurge.com
20. Loveandconviction.com
21. Ted.com
22. Betts, Dwayne (July 10, 2014). "The Stoop Isn't the Jungle". Slate. Retrieved May 31, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
23. Sharp, Christina (August 8, 2014). "Black Life, Annotated". The New Inquiry. Retrieved May 31, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
24. ^ Lubet, Steven (2015). "Ethics On the Run". The New Rambler. Retrieved May 31, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) Cite error: The named reference "LubetRambler" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
25. ^ Newramblerreview.com
26. Goffman, Alice. (2015). "A Response to Professor Lubet's Critique." Accessed: June 7, 2015.
27. Lubet, Steve. "Goffman defender demands a further reply". The Faculty Lounge. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
28. Lubet, Steven (June 3, 2015). "Alice Goffman's Denial of Murder Conspiracy Raises Even More Questions". The New Republic. Retrieved June 4, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
29. McQuade, Dan (June 11, 2015). "Alice Goffman's Book on "Fugitive Life" in Philly Under Attack". Philadelphia Magazine. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
30. Nymag.com
31. Singal, Jesse. "Here's What's in Alice Goffman's Dissertation".
32. Ssc.wisc.edu
33. Schuessler, Jennifer (June 5, 2015). "Alice Goffman's Heralded Book on Crime Disputed". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2015. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
34. Parry, Marc (June 12, 2015). "Conflict Over Sociologist's Narrative Puts Spotlight on Ethnography". Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
35. Campos, Paul (August 21, 2015). Chronicle of Higher Education http://chronicle.com/article/Alice-Goffmans-Implausible-/232491/?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en. Retrieved August 21, 2015. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "Alice Goffman's Implausible Ethnography" ignored (help)
36. Los Angeles Times
37. Slate.com
38. M.chronicle.com
39. "Shamus Khan AMA [Ask Me Anything]".
40. Goffman, Alice (2009). ""On the Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto,"". American Sociological Review. 74: 339–357.
41. Cohen, Philip N. "Survey and ethnography: Comment on Goffman's "On the Run"" (PDF).
42. Asanet.org

External links

• Official website
• On the Run webpage, University of Chicago Press
• Alice Goffman at TED

Template:Persondata

• 1982 births
• Living people
• American sociologists
• American ethnographers
• American non-fiction writers
• University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
• Princeton University alumni
• University of Pennsylvania alumni
• People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania