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The '''Technocracy Study Course''' is a book published by Technocracy Incorporated in 1934 that formed the basis of the ]. The ] was formed in conjunction with the ] Department at ], and began an empirical analysis of production and employment in North America in energy units. This information was then published as the Technocracy Study Course.
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The '''''Technocracy Study Course''''' is a ] critique of the ], written by ] and first published in 1934. It is the ideological basis for the ], highlighting economic and social consequences of the capitalist ] and suggests an alternative socioeconomic system based on physical laws and constraints.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hubbert|first1=Marion King|title=Technocracy Study Course|date=1945|publisher=Technocracy Inc.|url=https://archive.org/download/TechnocracyStudyCourseUnabridged/TechnocracyStudyCourse-NewOpened.pdf|accessdate=12 June 2015}}</ref>
The term 'technology' became widely used after the early-twentieth-century rise of "technocracy," a movement that promoted technical superiority by seeking to replace the subjectivity of politics by the assumed objectivity of engineering.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://science.jrank.org/pages/11395/Technology-Technocracy.html
|title=Technocracy
|publisher=jrank.org
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-25
}}</ref>The term “technocracy,” coined in 1919, came into vogue in the 1930s as rational, centralized planning came to be seen as the antidote for the woes of the Depression.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/science-and-congress
|title=Science and Congress
|publisher=The New Atlantis
|author=Adam Keiper
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-25
}}</ref>

] a geo-scientist was also an avid ]. He co-founded ] with ] and contributed significantly to the ''Technocracy Study Course'', the precedent document of that group which advocates a ] form of ],<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s3/05account.shtml
|title=Environmental Decision making, Science and Technology
|publisher=
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-25
}}</ref>in constrast to the current ] method.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Biophysical_economics
|title=Biophysical economics
|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth
|author=Cutler J. Cleveland
|date=2004-09-14
|accessdate=2009-03-25
}}</ref>
Hubbert was a member of the Board of Governors, and served as Secretary of education to that organisation<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hubbertpeak.com/hubbert/Technocracy1943.pdf
|title=Hubbert investigation
|date=1943
|pages=p41 (p50 of PDF)
|accessdate=2009-03-25
}}</ref>

==History==
] developed a 'Theory of Energy Determinants' also referred to as ] which according to ], formed the basis of determining the operational dynamic of functional social design on a continental scale of magnitude for North America.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.technocracy.org/origins-1.htm
|title=The Birth of the Technical Alliance
|publisher=technocracy.org
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref> Gibbs ] approach led to the concepts of ] as conceived by the ]. <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://telstar.ote.cmu.edu/environ/m3/s3/05account.shtml
|title=Science Notes: Energy Accounting and Balance
|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref> Scott referred to Gibbs as the person that made possible the concept of ] using ] in a ] design.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.technocracy.org/Archives/History%20&%20Purpose-r.htm
|title=History and Purpose of Technocracy
|publisher=technocracy.org
|author=Howard Scott
|date=1965
|accessdate=2009-03-17
}}</ref>The design using ] as proposed by this group is located in the last two chapters of the book. Much of the rest of the book is basic information about science and different aspects of research and data collecting, and also examples of how a ] works, and possible alternatives.

==Technical Alliance project==

The ] measured and assessed the extent of the land's natural resources of soil, metals, fuels, hydrology and its energy resources, its transport and communications and construction capabilities, its industrial and technological productive capacity, its available scientific, engineering, biological trained personnel--all to determine whether the area of ] could provide an equitably individualized high optimum standard of living for its population, and if so, how this could be brought about in the form of a governing body which they later referred to as a ].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Biophysical_economics
|title=Biophysical economics
|publisher=The Encyclopedia of Earth
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref>

M. King Hubbert, a later member of the Technical Alliance collated most of the information for teaching the principles of the movement: the ''Technocracy Study Course''.

...'I drew up a kind of a small study course of the basics of what we were talking about, for use in these small groups that were assembling around. That was published in a small booklet without authorship. It was called Technocracy Study Course'<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.oilcrisis.com/hubbert/aip/aip_iv.htm
|title=M. King Hubbert Interviewed by Ronald E. Doel
|publisher=Oilcrisis.com
|author=
|date=1989-01-17
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref>

The movement grew rapidly and as a mass-movement its real center was California where it claimed half a million members in 1934. Technocracy counted among its admirers such men as the novelist ], the author ] and the economist ].<ref>http://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html retrieved June-18-2009</ref>

In the ''Technocracy Study Course'' M. King Hubbert called economists apologists for businessmen. More recently ] charged that "...the economists have not been educated in ] and therefore have not understood the second law of energy (]) and the fact that energy is not reused." Science writer ] criticized economists, since they "tend to take technological progress for granted as if they could buy their way around the laws of thermodynamics."<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2023/SWP-1353-09057784.pdf?sequence=1
|title=From Technocracy to Net Energy Analysis: Engineers, Economists and Recurring Energy Theories of Value
|publisher=]
|author=Ernst R. Berndt
|date=1982-09
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref> Hence, antipathy toward economists is common both to Technocrats and net energy analysts.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Net_energy_analysis
|title=Net energy analysis
|publisher=The Encyclopedia of Earth
|author=
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref>

==Excerpt from the Technocracy Study Course==

... 'The physical expansion of industry was, in a period from the Civil War to the World War, a straight compound interest rate of growth at about 7 per cent per annum. During that period, the debt structure was also extending at a similar rate of increment. Since the World War . . . the rate of physical expansion has been declining, and physical production has been progressively leveling off. Thus, for the period prior to the World War there was a close correspondence between the rate of growth of the debt structure, and of the physical industrial structure. Since the World War, while the physical structure has been leveling off in its growth, the debt structure, not being subject to the laws of physics and chemistry, has continued to expand until now the total long- and short-term debts are only slightly less than the entire wealth, or monetary value of all the physical equipment. As time progresses this discrepancy between the rate of growth of the physical equipment and that of debt must become greater, instead of less. The implications of this will be interesting to consider'... end.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.michael-hudson.com/articles/debt/CompoundInterest2.html
|title=Why Economies Develop Debt Crises: The Mathematics of Compound Interest
|publisher=Michael-Hudson.com
|author=Michael Hudson
|date=
|accessdate=2009-03-27
}}</ref>

==See also==


{{Portal|Sustainable development|Sustainable development.svg}}
{{Portal|Environment|Devils Punchbowl Waterfall, New Zealand.jpg}}
{{Portal|Ecology|Earth flag PD.jpg}}
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Terra.png}}
{{Portal|Science|Nuvola apps kalzium.png}}



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==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
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* (Official Website)
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* ISBN 0521287898 - Russian technocratic influence of engineers, subsequent deaths, trials and imprisonments.


== References ==
{{reflist}}


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Latest revision as of 22:09, 8 December 2015

Technocracy Study Course
AuthorM. King Hubbert
LanguageEnglish
Publication date1934
Publication placeUnited States

The Technocracy Study Course is a technocratic critique of the price system, written by M. King Hubbert and first published in 1934. It is the ideological basis for the Technocracy movement, highlighting economic and social consequences of the capitalist price system and suggests an alternative socioeconomic system based on physical laws and constraints.

References

  1. Hubbert, Marion King (1945). Technocracy Study Course (PDF). Technocracy Inc. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
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