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'''Sciences Po''' ({{IPA-fr|sjɑ̃s po}}), or '''Paris Institute of Political Studies''' ({{lang-fr|Institut d'études politiques de Paris}}, {{IPA-fr|institut d'etudes politiques}}), is a '']''<ref>http://www.cge.asso.fr/actualites/le-ca-du-28-juin-2016-a-valide-l-adhesion-de-trois-nouveaux-membres</ref> in ], ]. '''Sciences Po''' ({{IPA-fr|sjɑ̃s po}}), or '''Paris Institute of Political Studies''' ({{lang-fr|Institut d'études politiques de Paris}}, {{IPA-fr|institut d'etudes politiques}}), is a '']''<ref>http://www.cge.asso.fr/actualites/le-ca-du-28-juin-2016-a-valide-l-adhesion-de-trois-nouveaux-membres</ref> in ], ].


Sciences Po was founded in 1872 and its main campus is located ''rue Saint-Guillaume'' in the ]. It maintains now departments in political science, economics, history, sociology, law, finance, business, communication, social and urban policy, management, and journalism. It is a member of several academic consortia (inclding ] and the ]) and have partnerships with 410 universities.
The Institute is composed of the ''Collège universitaire'' for undergraduate studies, six professional schools, research divisions in law, economics, history, political science, and sociology, and the Doctoral School. The main Paris campus encircles ] in the ], and five additional campuses are spread across France. Current enrollment is approximately 4,000 students in the ''Collège universitaire'' and 13,000 overall.


Sciences Po is ranked 4th in Politics and International Studies by QS 2016 World University Rankings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2016/politics#sorting=rank+region=+country=+faculty=+stars=false+search=|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016 - Politics & International Studies|work=Top Universities}}</ref> Sciences Po has produced many notable alumni: five of the last six French presidents and approximately 23 Prime Ministers have studied or taught at Sciences Po, as well as heads of international organizations like the ] and the ]. It is seen in France as an elite institution<ref name="Conley">{{Cite web|url=https://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/portfolio/conley/sciencespo.html|title=Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society|last=Conley|first=Marjorie|date=09.09.2003|website=Portfolio,The Journalism of Ideas|publisher=New York University|access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Koh 2016 193">{{Cite book|title=Elite Schools: Multiple Geographies of Privilege|last=Koh|first=Aaron|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1--138-77940-2|location=New York; Oxon|pages=193,|via=}}</ref><ref name="Guttenplan">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/04/world/elite-french-college-tackles-affirmative-action.html|title=In France, a Bastion of Privilege No More|last=Guttenplan|first=D.D.|date=04.09.2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref> but is strongly criticised in France and abroad and faced numerous scandals.<ref name="humanite.fr"></ref><ref name="contrepoints.org">http://www.contrepoints.org/2012/11/29/106091-sciences-po-ena-ces-fabriques-delites-deconnectees</ref><ref name="Lichfield">{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/liberte-inegalite-fraternite-is-french-elitism-holding-the-country-back-8621650.html|title=Liberte, inegalite, fraternite: Is French elitism holding the country back?|last=Lichfield|first=John|date=17.05.2013|work=The Independent|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref>
Sciences Po is ranked 4th in the world for Politics and International Studies in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2016/politics#sorting=rank+region=+country=+faculty=+stars=false+search=|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016 - Politics & International Studies|work=Top Universities}}</ref> and its rankings in law, economics, and sociology were among the top in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2016|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016|work=Top Universities}}</ref> Sciences Po is a member of several academic consortia (including ] and the ]). Beyond its academics, Sciences Po is well known for its international outlook. Forty per cent of students are from outside France, every undergraduate is required to spend his or her third year abroad, and the Institute has a wide range of partnerships with some 410 universities around the world. The Institute also maintains a robust sport programme and competes against other grand écoles in the ].

Founded in response to France's crisis after the ] and the fall of the ], the goals of its founders were to train new elites and produce modern knowledge for a new France.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/%C3%A0-propos/notre-histoire=|title=NOTRE HISTOIRE|work=Sciences Po}}</ref> Since its founding, Sciences Po students and faculty have played a major role in the life and development of France, particularly in government. Sciences Po and its innovative curriculum would inspire and serve as the model for the ].

Sciences Po has many prominent alumni. This includes five of the last six ], 13 ], 12 foreign heads of state or government, and leaders of international organizations including the ], ], and ]. Almost every member of the French diplomatic corp since the ], and roughly half of ] cohort each year are also graduates. CEOs from several of Europe's largest companies, and influential cultural figures such as ] and ] are also alumna. Many of the faculty are also prominent in their fields, both as practitioners and/or academics.


==History== ==History==
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* 8, rue Jean-Sébastien-Bach: Urban Studies Graduate Program * 8, rue Jean-Sébastien-Bach: Urban Studies Graduate Program
* rue d'Assas and rue de la Cassette at the ''Institut Catholique'' * rue d'Assas and rue de la Cassette at the ''Institut Catholique''
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


Sciences Po also has five regional campuses. Each campus has a specific regional focus:
==Academics==
* Dijon: Central and Eastern Europe
The academic bodies of Sciences Po consist of the ''Collège universitaire'', five divisions of graduate research, six professional schools, and the Doctoral School. Sciences Po also contains a library system, a publishing press, the '', and the SPIRE, an open archive of Sciences Po publications.
* Le Havre: Asia
* Menton: Middle-East and Mediterranean
* Nancy: Europe & Franco-German Region
* Poitiers: Latin America
* Reims: North America


The Paris Campus offers a general social sciences programme. It is also home to a regional concentration on Africa.
The Institute runs on a semester system in which the academic year is divided into three terms: Summer (May–August), Autumn (September–December), and Spring (January–May). The school year typically begins the first week of September and ends in mid-May, and there is a month-long break for the Christmas and New Year's holidays.


=== Admissions === ==Activities==


===Research===
In terms of undergraduate admissions, unlike French universities, which must accept any applicant with a ] living in their region, Sciences Po's status as a "grand école" permits it to select students as it wishes. Undergraduate admissions is highly selective, with an acceptance rate of less than 10%. Sciences Po reserves 15% of admissions seats for students from 'ZEP' ("zones d'éducation prioritaires") schools, which are classified by the French ministry of education as schools facing difficulties in academic and social order. These students apply through a separate admissions processs. Admission is open to non French-speaking students, who may enroll in one of the English-language programmes offered in Le Havre, Menton and Reims. They are required to become proficient in French while studying at Sciences Po.


Research at Sciences Po covers economics, law, history, sociology and political science, while also taking in many interdisciplinary topics such as cities, political ecology, sustainable development, socioeconomics and globalization.
For the masters programs, all Sciences Po students who complete the bachelor's program are guaranteed admission into a master's degree. For students coming from different universities, undergraduate honours is generally required (e.g. a 2:1 or equivalent),<ref name="International Graduate Admissions">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/admissions/en/content/graduate-international-criteria|title=International Graduate Admissions Criteria|publisher=Sciences Po|accessdate=September 16, 2016}}</ref> and the acceptance rate is 15%.


===Network of universities===
=== Collège universitaire (Undergraduate College) ===


Sciences Po is part of a network of 410 partner universities. Partner universities include: ] (USA), ] (England), ] (USA), ] (Germany), ] (China), ] (Japan), ] (England), ] (USA), etc.
The Collège universitaire of Sciences Po grants one Bachelors degree to all students, a Bachelor of Social Science degree. Students choose to focus their studies from several academic majors. In 2000, Sciences Po set the length of its undergraduate program to three years in line with the Bologna Process. Students spend the first two years on one of Sciences Po’s seven campuses in France. After their first year, students are required to spend four weeks of their summer break working in a low-skilled job to be exposed to this sort of work. For their third year, they are required to go abroad (unless they are in a specialized program), either performing an internship or studying in one of Sciences Po's 410 partner universities, or a combination of both. Students often go to a country to improve their language skills (e.g., the UK of the US for English, Lebanon or Morocco for Arabic, or China for Chinese). During their third year, students apply for master's programs in one of Sciences Po's six professional schools. All Sciences Po undergraduates are guaranteed admission into at least one master's programs.


Sciences Po is a member of the Global Public Policy Network along with the ], the ] at ], the ] in Berlin, and the ] at the ].
==== Curriculum ====


Sciences Po is a member of the Sorbonne Paris Cité ].
The educational programme at the College universitaire includes a common core of social sciences courses - law, economics, history, political science and sociology - as well as specialised courses according to specific regional focuses:


===Library and publishing===
* ]: North America
* ]: Asia
* ]: Middle-East and Mediterranean
* ]: Latin America
* ]: Central and Eastern Europe
* ]: Europe & Franco-German Region


]
The Paris Campus offers a general social sciences programme and is also home to a regional concentration on Africa.
Founded in 1871, the nucleus of the school’s research is ''Bibliothèque de Sciences Po''. The library offers a collection of more than 950,000 titles in the field of social sciences.


In 1982, the ] made the ''Bibliothèque'' the Centre for Acquisition and Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of ], and since 1994, it has been the antenna associated with '']''.{{ref|Sciences-Po-Paris}} ''Bibliothèque de Sciences Po'' is also the main French partner in the ], which is based at the ].{{ref|IBSS}}
French and English are the main languages of instruction. In addition, Sciences Po offers language courses in 25 languages, and students are required to become proficient in both, as well as study a third language.


Founded in the 1950s, '''' is the publishing house of ''Sciences Po''. It publishes academic works related to the ].
==== Double Bachelors degrees ====

Besides its three-year programme, Sciences Po also offers several four-year dual bachelors degrees, though admissions is highly selective and the cohorts around 10 students. Students spend two years at one of Sciences Po's provincial campuses where they focus on the social sciences, law, and humanities, and two at the other university where they choose a major. Students graduate with bachelors degrees from both institutions. Dual bachelors are offered with ], the ], the ], ], ], the ], the ], the ], and ].

=== Professional and Graduate Schools ===

The Institute contains six professional schools: School of Public Affairs, the ], the Law School, the Urban School, the School of Communication, and the School of Journalism.<ref name="Graduate Studies">{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/en/education/graduate-studies|publisher=Sciences Po|accessdate=September 16, 2016}}</ref> The Department of Economics also maintains special status, offering its own master's programs. Master's programs are typically two years in length, and require a three-month internship. Many of these programs are taught in English, though students can take advantage of their experience at Sciences Po to learn French to become multilingual professionals.

==== Dual Master's degrees ====

Besides the two-year masters programs, several double master's degree programs are offered with partner institutions. Nearly all dual-degree programmes are taught in English. Programs are offered in several fields, including journalism, planning, cultural policy, international affairs, law, and finance. Parter institutions include ], the ], ], ], the ], Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas, ], École du Louvre, and ].

===Reputation and rankings===


==Rankings and reputation==
Sciences Po only offers programs and performs research in the social sciences, humanities, and law. For the year 2016 the ] Sciences Po ranked globally 4th for Politics and International Studies, 50th for Sociology, 51-100 for Law, History, Development Studies, and Economics & Econometrics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2016|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016|work=Top Universities}}</ref>


===Rankings===
Its master degree in Economics and Policy was ranked 6th of Western Europe (1st of France) by ] among masters in Economics.<ref></ref> The magazine ], for their 2015 rankings, ranked Sciences Po 21st in the world to obtain a master's degree for a policy career in International Relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/03/top-twenty-five-schools-international-relations/|title=Foreign Policy - The Best International Relations Schools in the World|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref> In the 2013 Times Higher Education Alma Mater Index of Global Executives, a ranking of an academic institution's number of degrees awarded to chief executives of the world’s biggest companies, Sciences Po is ranked 81st.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/alma-mater-index-global-executives-2013/2007032.article|title=Alma Mater Index: Global Executives 2013|work=Times Higher Education}}</ref>
For the year 2016 the ] Sciences Po ranked globally 223 in the world (7th in France), 86 (4th in France) in social sciences and management, 149 (4th in France) in art and humanity, 4th (1st of France) for Politics and International studies, 50 in sociology (2nd in France) 51-100 (2nd of France) in Law, 51-100 (1st ex aequo in France) in Economics & Econometrics, 51-100 (2nd ex aequo in France) in History.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2016|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016|work=Top Universities}}</ref> Its master degree in Economics and Policy was ranked 6th of Western Europe (1st of France) by ] among masters in Economics.<ref></ref> The magazine ], for their 2015 rankings, ranked Sciences Po 21st in the world to obtain a master's degree for a policy career in International Relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/02/03/top-twenty-five-schools-international-relations/|title=Foreign Policy - The Best International Relations Schools in the World|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref> In the ] for 2013/2014, Sciences Po ranked 98th in the world for Social Sciences.<ref>{{cite web|last=THE World University Rankings for 2013-2014|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/subject-ranking/subject/social-sciences/institution/sciences-po}}</ref> In the 2013 Times Higher Education Alma Mater Index of Global Executives, a ranking of an academic institution's number of degrees awarded to chief executives of the world’s biggest companies, Sciences Po is ranked 81st.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/alma-mater-index-global-executives-2013/2007032.article|title=Alma Mater Index: Global Executives 2013|work=Times Higher Education}}</ref>


===Reputation and scandals===
In 2016 Paris is rated as the best city in the world for students in 2016.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/dec/01/paris-rated-best-student-city-in-the-world</ref>


Due to its prominent alumni, its selectivity and its history of providing candidates for admission to the École nationale d'administration, it is seen in France as an elite institution.<ref name="Conley">{{Cite web|url=https://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/portfolio/conley/sciencespo.html|title=Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society|last=Conley|first=Marjorie|date=09.09.2003|website=Portfolio,The Journalism of Ideas|publisher=New York University|access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Koh 2016 193">{{Cite book|title=Elite Schools: Multiple Geographies of Privilege|last=Koh|first=Aaron|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1--138-77940-2|location=New York; Oxon|pages=193,|via=}}</ref><ref name="Guttenplan">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/04/world/elite-french-college-tackles-affirmative-action.html|title=In France, a Bastion of Privilege No More|last=Guttenplan|first=D.D.|date=04.09.2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref> However, it is criticised, as well as the ENA, for creating in France an oligarchy<ref name="humanite.fr"></ref> of disconnected with reality,<ref name="contrepoints.org">http://www.contrepoints.org/2012/11/29/106091-sciences-po-ena-ces-fabriques-delites-deconnectees</ref> blinkered, arrogant and frequently incompetent people.<ref name="Lichfield">{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/liberte-inegalite-fraternite-is-french-elitism-holding-the-country-back-8621650.html|title=Liberte, inegalite, fraternite: Is French elitism holding the country back?|last=Lichfield|first=John|date=17.05.2013|work=The Independent|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref> Due to its prominent alumni, its selectivity and its history of providing candidates for admission to the École nationale d'administration, it is seen in France as an elite institution.<ref name="Conley">{{Cite web|url=https://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/portfolio/conley/sciencespo.html|title=Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society|last=Conley|first=Marjorie|date=09.09.2003|website=Portfolio,The Journalism of Ideas|publisher=New York University|access-date=August 10, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Koh 2016 193">{{Cite book|title=Elite Schools: Multiple Geographies of Privilege|last=Koh|first=Aaron|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=978-1--138-77940-2|location=New York; Oxon|pages=193,|via=}}</ref><ref name="Guttenplan">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/04/world/elite-french-college-tackles-affirmative-action.html|title=In France, a Bastion of Privilege No More|last=Guttenplan|first=D.D.|date=04.09.2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref> However, it is criticised, as well as the ENA, for creating in France an oligarchy<ref name="humanite.fr"></ref> of disconnected with reality,<ref name="contrepoints.org">http://www.contrepoints.org/2012/11/29/106091-sciences-po-ena-ces-fabriques-delites-deconnectees</ref> blinkered, arrogant and frequently incompetent people.<ref name="Lichfield">{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/liberte-inegalite-fraternite-is-french-elitism-holding-the-country-back-8621650.html|title=Liberte, inegalite, fraternite: Is French elitism holding the country back?|last=Lichfield|first=John|date=17.05.2013|work=The Independent|access-date=August 10, 2016|via=}}</ref>


Sciences Po has had numerous scandals:
==Research==


During the ] (1939-1945), the formerly private institution had a cloudy behaviour, the honorary president of Sciences Po being ], head of the antisemitic ]. So it was decided in 1945 to semi-nationalize the ''École Libre des Sciences Politiques''.<ref></ref>
Sciences Po is a major social sciences research and teaching institution, with 35% of its budget devoted to research and over 800 publications per year.


], president of the ''Institut d'études politiques de Paris'' from 1987 to 1996, has been sued by the French Court of Audit for financial mismanagement and has been found guilty.<ref name="cres"></ref>
Research at Sciences Po hosts eleven research units bringing together over 200 researchers. Five of these centres are associated with the CNRS (the French National Centre for Scientific Research). The Doctoral School, with over 500 Ph.D. students, is a central element of Sciences Po's research infrastructure.


Since the "Richard Descoing era" (1997-2012), the number of scandals has increased.<ref></ref><ref name="jour"></ref> Descoing had been criticized for offering large sums of money (through salary rise, free accommodation, etc.) to diverse members of staff, included his wife, in spite of the fact that Sciences Po in partly stately funded.<ref></ref> He was found dead in his luxury hostel in a Manhattan luxury hotel room, police thought the cause of death would be an overdose<ref></ref> linked to his controversial gay livestyle,<ref></ref> the final coronary report concluded to natural death but his energy the day of the death and the missing phones and computer have raised suspicion.<ref></ref> In February 2012, it has been found that an inspector of the French Court of Audit, in charge of investigating the financial behaviour of Sciences Po, was in the same time employed by Sciences Po.<ref></ref>
Research at Sciences Po covers economics, law, history, sociology and political science, while also taking in many interdisciplinary topics such as cities, political ecology, sustainable development, socioeconomics and globalization.


In October 2012, the ] castigated the serious financial mismanagement in Sciences Po.<ref></ref><ref name="jour" /> It strongly denounced the large use of public money for personal use of the staff, the tax evasions, the absence of doing of contractual work by most of the lecturers,<ref></ref> the infringement of financial regulation on public works contract, the absence of any control from the State, and even the rise of 33% of the public funding in the last 5 years.<ref name="cc"></ref> Sciences Po has also been accused to prevail results over morals.<ref name="answer"></ref> The French Court of Audit has appealed to the public attorney for bringing a lawsuit for some of these facts.<ref name="cc" /> Hervé Crès the interim manager of Sciences Po (now head of the doctoral school of Sciences Po) has promised to change while preserving its identity<ref name="answer" /> In November 2012, ] has been dismissed by the government, but he sought to president of Sciences Po anyway, saying that Alain Lancelot and Richard Descoing have been found guilty too, but it doesn’t matter for what concerns the presidency of Sciences Po.<ref name="cres" />
===Doctoral School===


In July 2015, the public attorney sued Jean-Claude Casanova, the head of the institution which was suppose to supervise Sciences Po, for a trial before the Court of Financial and Budgetary Discipline.<ref></ref> Sciences Po, with Frédéric Mion as new director, tried to defend Casanova.<ref></ref> The Court of Financial and Budgetary Discipline eventually found Casanova guilty, but sentenced him with leniency because the procedures had some part of regularity and because it wasn’t customery in Science Po to follow all the financial rules.<ref></ref>
The Doctoral School is currently directed by Jean-Marie Donegani and includes 200 faculty members and 600 doctoral students. It was created in 1988 and welcomes students for their Master and PhD studies, in law, economics, history, political science, or sociology.

The Research Master’s program entails two years of interdisciplinary instruction in five basic social sciences: political science, history, law, sociology and economics. This interdisciplinary approach is designed to reinforce and round out graduate-level training. The Sciences Po PhD Program counts roughly 600 doctoral candidates, a third of whom hail from abroad. About 40 defend their dissertations each year. The program has a long-standing tradition of multi-disciplinary scholarship.

====PhD Program====

The PhD Program covers 15 fields of study, which follow up on those offered in the Master’s program: Latin America, Sociological Analysis of Change, Asia, Economics of International Relations, United States, Europe, International Finance, Law, Economic Governance, History, Muslim World, Political Thought, Russia/CIS, Political Science of International Relations, Sociology of Action, Political Sociology and Public Policy.

In addition to academic training, the PhD Program provides a number of student services, including financial aid for PhD studies as well as for research abroad, support and promotion for publications, and job placement guidance and assistance.

PhD candidates may participate in conferences and research stays abroad. Partner institutions of higher education also offer a number of opportunities: for example, the doctoral fellowships programme with eight leading North American universities, or the doctoral mobility programme with the London School of Economics, Columbia University, and the National University of Singapore.

In addition, Sciences Po has created three dual PhD degrees: in political sciences with Columbia University, in sociology with Northwestern University, and in political science and sociology with the Max Planck Research School and the University of Cologne.

===Research centres===

FNSP manages the research faculty and facilities of Sciences Po, and is one of the largest social sciences research bodies in Europe. Bringing together over two hundred researchers, Sciences Po’s research centres generate new approaches and new knowledge in law, economics, history, political science and sociology.

Six units are associated with France’s National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) as “joint research units” (UMR in French) and four units are recognized by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education as “host teams” (EA in French). Sciences Po is a member of the Sorbonne Paris Cité Community of Universities and Establishments (COMUE).

===Library and publishing===

]
Founded in 1871, the nucleus of the school’s research is ''Bibliothèque de Sciences Po''. The library offers a collection of more than 950,000 titles in the field of social sciences.

In 1982, the ] made the ''Bibliothèque'' the Centre for Acquisition and Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of ], and since 1994, it has been the antenna associated with '']''.{{ref|Sciences-Po-Paris}} ''Bibliothèque de Sciences Po'' is also the main French partner in the ], which is based at the ].{{ref|IBSS}}

Founded in the 1950s, '''' is the publishing house of ''Sciences Po''. It publishes academic works related to the ].

==Network of universities==

Sciences Po is part of a network of 410 partner universities. Partner universities include: ] (USA), ] (England), ] (USA), ] (Germany), ] (China), ] (Japan), ] (England), ] (USA), etc.

Sciences Po is a member of the Global Public Policy Network along with the ], the ] at ], the ] in Berlin, and the ] at the ].

Sciences Po is a member of the Sorbonne Paris Cité ].


==Notable people== ==Notable people==
:''See ]'' :''See ]''

===Alumni===
Sciences Po boasts a community of over 65,000 alumni, many of whom hold high-level positions in sectors as varied as auditing, diplomacy, media, social issues, sustainable development, finance, civil service, culture and more, in France and around the world.

''Sciences Po'' alumni and former staff include twenty-eight heads of state or government, specifically the last four ] (], ], ] - although he didn't graduate - and ]), thirteen past or present ], twelve past or present foreign heads of state or government, a former ], the former head of the ], the former head of ] and the former head of the ]. Former Portuguese Prime Minister, José Socrates was a doctoral student at this institution in 2012.<ref>http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/ultima-hora/jose-socrates-mais-1-ano-em-paris José Sócrates: 1 more year in Paris (Portuguese)</ref>

The school educated top business managers, including CEOs of ] (] of banking group ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ]), private bankers such as ], the CEO of ], the CFO of ], the Director of ] ] of ] and the Chairman of ] as well as the current head of the ] and the current head of the ] and many others. Influential cultural figures such as the writer ] and the founder of the modern olympics ] also graduated from Sciences Po.


<gallery class="center" caption="Notable Sciences Po alumni include:" widths="150px" heights="150px"> <gallery class="center" caption="Notable Sciences Po alumni include:" widths="150px" heights="150px">
Line 204: Line 146:


</gallery> </gallery>


===Alumni===
Sciences Po boasts a community of over 65,000 alumni, many of whom hold high-level positions in sectors as varied as auditing, diplomacy, media, social issues, sustainable development, finance, civil service, culture and more, in France and around the world.

''Sciences Po'' alumni and former staff include twenty-eight heads of state or government, specifically the last four ] (], ], ] - although he didn't graduate - and ]), thirteen past or present ], twelve past or present foreign heads of state or government, a former ], the former head of the ], the former head of ] and the former head of the ]. Former Portuguese Prime Minister, José Socrates was a doctoral student at this institution in 2012.<ref>http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/ultima-hora/jose-socrates-mais-1-ano-em-paris José Sócrates: 1 more year in Paris (Portuguese)</ref>

The school educated top business managers, including CEOs of ] (] of banking group ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ], ] of ]), private bankers such as ], the CEO of ], the CFO of ], the Director of ] ] of ] and the Chairman of ] as well as the current head of the ] and the current head of the ] and many others. Influential cultural figures such as the writer ] and the founder of the modern olympics ] also graduated from Sciences Po.


=== Instructors === === Instructors ===
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===Directors=== ===Directors===
*1987-1996: Alain Lancelot *1987-1996: Alain Lancelot
*1997-2012: ] *1997-2012: ]
*2012-2012: Hervé Crès (interim) *2012-2012: Hervé Crès (interim)
*2012-2013: Jean Gaeremynck (interim) *2012-2013: Jean Gaeremynck (interim)

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Paris Institute of Political Studies
Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Former namesÉcole libre des sciences politiques
TypePublic, Grande école
Established1872
Endowment€173 million
PresidentOlivier Duhamel
DirectorFrédéric Mion
Academic staff200
Students13,000
Undergraduates4000
Postgraduates3900
LocationParis, Reims, Dijon, Le Havre, Nancy, Poitiers, Menton, France
CampusUrban
NicknameSciences Po
MascotThe lion and the fox
Websitesciencespo.fr

Sciences Po (French pronunciation: [sjɑ̃s po]), or Paris Institute of Political Studies (Template:Lang-fr, French pronunciation: [institut d'etudes politiques]), is a Grande École in Paris, France.

Sciences Po was founded in 1872 and its main campus is located rue Saint-Guillaume in the 7th arrondissement. It maintains now departments in political science, economics, history, sociology, law, finance, business, communication, social and urban policy, management, and journalism. It is a member of several academic consortia (inclding APSIA and the College Board) and have partnerships with 410 universities.

Sciences Po is ranked 4th in Politics and International Studies by QS 2016 World University Rankings. Sciences Po has produced many notable alumni: five of the last six French presidents and approximately 23 Prime Ministers have studied or taught at Sciences Po, as well as heads of international organizations like the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. It is seen in France as an elite institution but is strongly criticised in France and abroad and faced numerous scandals.

History

The name Sciences Po refers to three distinct, yet complementary institutions:

1872–1945: École Libre des Sciences Politiques

Sciences Po Founder, Émile Boutmy

Sciences Po was established in February 1872 as the École Libre des Sciences Politiques by a group of French intellectuals, politicians and businessmen led by Émile Boutmy, and including Hippolyte Taine, Ernest Renan, Albert Sorel and Paul Leroy Beaulieu. Following defeat in the 1870 war, the demise of Napoleon III, and the Paris Commune, these men sought to reform the training of French politicians. Politically and economically, people feared France's international stature was waning due to inadequate teaching of its political and diplomatic corps. ELSP was meant to serve as “the breeding ground where nearly all the major, non-technical state commissioners were trained.”

New disciplines such as International Relations, International Law, Political Economy and Comparative Government were introduced. In August 1894, the British Association for the Advancement of Science spoke out for the need to advance the study of politics along the lines of ELSP. Sidney and Beatrice Webb used the purpose and curriculum of Sciences Po as part of their inspiration for creating the London School of Economics in 1895.

The situation since 1945

As per ordinance 45-2284 issued on 9 October 1945, two entities were created from ELSP: Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (Template:Lang-en) or FNSP and Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Template:Lang-en) or IEP Paris. Both entities were tasked by the French government to ensure “the progress and the diffusion, both within and outside France, of political science, economics, and sociology”.

The epithet Sciences Po was applied to both entities, which inherited the reputation previously vested in ELSP. France's Legislature entrusted FNSP with managing IEP Paris, its library, and budget, and an administrative council assured the development of these activities. The curriculum and methodology of the ELSP were also the template for creating an entire system of institutes of political studies (French: Institut d'études politiques) across France, namely in Strasbourg, Lyon, Aix, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Toulouse, and then in Rennes and Lille. They are not to be confounded with Sciences Po's satellite campuses.

FNSP further strengthened its role as a scientific publication center with significant donations from the Rockefeller Foundation. FNSP periodicals such as la Revue française de science politique, le Bulletin analytique de documentation, la Chronologie politique africaine, and the Cahiers de la Fondation as well as its seven research centres and main publishing house, Presses de Sciences Po, contribute to the reputation attained by Sciences Po research.

The Richard Descoings Era (1997-2012)

Sciences Po underwent various reforms under the directorship of Richard Descoings (1997–2012). In these years, Sciences Po introduced a compulsory year abroad component to its undergraduate degree, and began to offer a multilingual curriculum in French, English, and other languages. It was during this period that Sciences Po added its regional campuses.

Sciences Po also implemented reforms in its admissions process. Previously, Sciences Po recruited its students exclusively on the basis of a competitive examination. This system was seen to favor students from prestigious preparatory high schools or those who could afford year-long preparatory courses. In March 2001, the school's governing council widened its admissions policy. From September 2002, Sciences Po began accepting students from certain schools located in economically depressed suburbs of Paris on the basis of their school record and a 45-minute interview, rather than the name-blind examination all other students must pass to be admitted.

Campuses

Sciences Po garden, between the rue Saint-Guillaume and the rue des Saints-Pères.

Sciences Po is located in Paris, in the 6th and 7th districts (arrondissements):

  • 27 rue Saint-Guillaume houses the head office since 1879. It is also home to Sciences Po's two largest teaching halls, the Amphitheatres Émile Boutmy and Jacques Chapsal.
  • 9, rue de la Chaise: administrative offices.
  • 56, rue des Saints-Pères: language classes, language lab, audiovisual service and a cartography workshop.
  • 117, boulevard Saint-Germain: School of Journalism
  • 174, boulevard Saint-Germain: offices and classrooms
  • 199, boulevard Saint-Germain: offices of Doctoral School.
  • 224, boulevard Saint-Germain: classrooms
  • 56, rue Jacob: Research Center for History (Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po) and International Relations (Centre d'études et de recherches internationales)
  • 13, rue de l'Université / The René Rémond building: administrative offices, classrooms and amphitheatre
  • 8, rue Jean-Sébastien-Bach: Urban Studies Graduate Program
  • rue d'Assas and rue de la Cassette at the Institut Catholique

Sciences Po also has five regional campuses. Each campus has a specific regional focus:

  • Dijon: Central and Eastern Europe
  • Le Havre: Asia
  • Menton: Middle-East and Mediterranean
  • Nancy: Europe & Franco-German Region
  • Poitiers: Latin America
  • Reims: North America

The Paris Campus offers a general social sciences programme. It is also home to a regional concentration on Africa.

Activities

Research

Research at Sciences Po covers economics, law, history, sociology and political science, while also taking in many interdisciplinary topics such as cities, political ecology, sustainable development, socioeconomics and globalization.

Network of universities

Sciences Po is part of a network of 410 partner universities. Partner universities include: Berkeley (USA), Cambridge (England), Columbia (USA), Freie Universität Berlin (Germany), Fudan (China), Keio (Japan), London School of Economics (England), Tufts (USA), etc.

Sciences Po is a member of the Global Public Policy Network along with the London School of Economics, the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, and the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.

Sciences Po is a member of the Sorbonne Paris Cité alliance.

Library and publishing

Sciences Po Library

Founded in 1871, the nucleus of the school’s research is Bibliothèque de Sciences Po. The library offers a collection of more than 950,000 titles in the field of social sciences.

In 1982, the National Ministry of Education made the Bibliothèque the Centre for Acquisition and Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of political science, and since 1994, it has been the antenna associated with Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Bibliothèque de Sciences Po is also the main French partner in the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, which is based at the London School of Economics.

Founded in the 1950s, Presses de Sciences-Po is the publishing house of Sciences Po. It publishes academic works related to the social sciences.

Rankings and reputation

Rankings

For the year 2016 the QS World University Rankings Sciences Po ranked globally 223 in the world (7th in France), 86 (4th in France) in social sciences and management, 149 (4th in France) in art and humanity, 4th (1st of France) for Politics and International studies, 50 in sociology (2nd in France) 51-100 (2nd of France) in Law, 51-100 (1st ex aequo in France) in Economics & Econometrics, 51-100 (2nd ex aequo in France) in History. Its master degree in Economics and Policy was ranked 6th of Western Europe (1st of France) by Eduniversal among masters in Economics. The magazine Foreign Policy, for their 2015 rankings, ranked Sciences Po 21st in the world to obtain a master's degree for a policy career in International Relations. In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2013/2014, Sciences Po ranked 98th in the world for Social Sciences. In the 2013 Times Higher Education Alma Mater Index of Global Executives, a ranking of an academic institution's number of degrees awarded to chief executives of the world’s biggest companies, Sciences Po is ranked 81st.

Reputation and scandals

Due to its prominent alumni, its selectivity and its history of providing candidates for admission to the École nationale d'administration, it is seen in France as an elite institution. However, it is criticised, as well as the ENA, for creating in France an oligarchy of disconnected with reality, blinkered, arrogant and frequently incompetent people.

Sciences Po has had numerous scandals:

During the World War II (1939-1945), the formerly private institution had a cloudy behaviour, the honorary president of Sciences Po being Philippe Pétain, head of the antisemitic Vichy Régime. So it was decided in 1945 to semi-nationalize the École Libre des Sciences Politiques.

Alain Lancelot, president of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris from 1987 to 1996, has been sued by the French Court of Audit for financial mismanagement and has been found guilty.

Since the "Richard Descoing era" (1997-2012), the number of scandals has increased. Descoing had been criticized for offering large sums of money (through salary rise, free accommodation, etc.) to diverse members of staff, included his wife, in spite of the fact that Sciences Po in partly stately funded. He was found dead in his luxury hostel in a Manhattan luxury hotel room, police thought the cause of death would be an overdose linked to his controversial gay livestyle, the final coronary report concluded to natural death but his energy the day of the death and the missing phones and computer have raised suspicion. In February 2012, it has been found that an inspector of the French Court of Audit, in charge of investigating the financial behaviour of Sciences Po, was in the same time employed by Sciences Po.

In October 2012, the French Court of Audit castigated the serious financial mismanagement in Sciences Po. It strongly denounced the large use of public money for personal use of the staff, the tax evasions, the absence of doing of contractual work by most of the lecturers, the infringement of financial regulation on public works contract, the absence of any control from the State, and even the rise of 33% of the public funding in the last 5 years. Sciences Po has also been accused to prevail results over morals. The French Court of Audit has appealed to the public attorney for bringing a lawsuit for some of these facts. Hervé Crès the interim manager of Sciences Po (now head of the doctoral school of Sciences Po) has promised to change while preserving its identity In November 2012, Hervé Crès has been dismissed by the government, but he sought to president of Sciences Po anyway, saying that Alain Lancelot and Richard Descoing have been found guilty too, but it doesn’t matter for what concerns the presidency of Sciences Po.

In July 2015, the public attorney sued Jean-Claude Casanova, the head of the institution which was suppose to supervise Sciences Po, for a trial before the Court of Financial and Budgetary Discipline. Sciences Po, with Frédéric Mion as new director, tried to defend Casanova. The Court of Financial and Budgetary Discipline eventually found Casanova guilty, but sentenced him with leniency because the procedures had some part of regularity and because it wasn’t customery in Science Po to follow all the financial rules.

Notable people

See List of Sciences Po People


Alumni

Sciences Po boasts a community of over 65,000 alumni, many of whom hold high-level positions in sectors as varied as auditing, diplomacy, media, social issues, sustainable development, finance, civil service, culture and more, in France and around the world.

Sciences Po alumni and former staff include twenty-eight heads of state or government, specifically the last four French presidents (François Hollande, Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy - although he didn't graduate - and François Mitterrand), thirteen past or present French prime ministers, twelve past or present foreign heads of state or government, a former United Nations Secretary-General, the former head of the International Monetary Fund, the former head of the European Central Bank and the former head of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Former Portuguese Prime Minister, José Socrates was a doctoral student at this institution in 2012.

The school educated top business managers, including CEOs of France's forty largest companies (Frédéric Oudéa of banking group Societe Generale, Michel Bon of Carrefour, Jean-Cyril Spinetta of Air France, Serge Weinberg of PPR, Gérard Mestrallet of Suez, Philippe Camus of Alcatel-Lucent), private bankers such as David René de Rothschild, the CEO of Lazard Italy, the CFO of Morgan Stanley Europe, the Director of Credit Suisse World, Co-founder, Chairman and CEO of TradingScreen and the Chairman of Credit Suisse Europe as well as the current head of the European Federation of Businesses, Industries and Employers and the current head of the French Businesses and Employers Union and many others. Influential cultural figures such as the writer Marcel Proust and the founder of the modern olympics Pierre de Coubertin also graduated from Sciences Po.

Instructors

Instructors included or still include former French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, former WTO president Pascal Lamy, current French President Francois Hollande, former French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, former French foreign minister Hubert Védrine, Nobel Prize Laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz and former Economics minister as well as former Managing Director of IMF Dominique Strauss-Kahn.

Directors

  • 1987-1996: Alain Lancelot
  • 1997-2012: Richard Descoings
  • 2012-2012: Hervé Crès (interim)
  • 2012-2013: Jean Gaeremynck (interim)
  • 2013-today: Frédéric Mion

References and notes

Notes

  1. http://www.cge.asso.fr/actualites/le-ca-du-28-juin-2016-a-valide-l-adhesion-de-trois-nouveaux-membres
  2. "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016 - Politics & International Studies". Top Universities.
  3. ^ Conley, Marjorie (09.09.2003). "Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society". Portfolio,The Journalism of Ideas. New York University. Retrieved August 10, 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Koh, Aaron (2016). Elite Schools: Multiple Geographies of Privilege. New York; Oxon: Routledge. pp. 193, . ISBN 978-1--138-77940-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  5. ^ Guttenplan, D.D. (04.09.2011). "In France, a Bastion of Privilege No More". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2016. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^
  7. ^ http://www.contrepoints.org/2012/11/29/106091-sciences-po-ena-ces-fabriques-delites-deconnectees
  8. ^ Lichfield, John (17.05.2013). "Liberte, inegalite, fraternite: Is French elitism holding the country back?". The Independent. Retrieved August 10, 2016. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ “Sciences Po 1945–1979” Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
  10. "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2016". Top Universities.
  11. Eduniversal Best Masters Ranking in Economics - France
  12. "Foreign Policy - The Best International Relations Schools in the World". Foreign Policy.
  13. THE World University Rankings for 2013-2014. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/subject-ranking/subject/social-sciences/institution/sciences-po. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. "Alma Mater Index: Global Executives 2013". Times Higher Education.
  15. La dérive proconsulaire de Sciences Po
  16. ^ Sciences Po : la Cour des comptes demande des poursuites
  17. MediaPart, Dossier: Sciences-Po, la fuite en avant et les scandales
  18. ^ La dérive financière de Sciences Po et la complaisance de l’État
  19. MediaPart, Les dirigeants de Sciences-Po touchent des superbonus
  20. Cops Believe French Scholar Accidentally Overdosed
  21. French educator found dead in New York was dynamic, controversial figure
  22. Le Monde, Richard Descoings est mort "de causes naturelles" selon le légiste
  23. Quand Sciences-Po salarie son contrôleur
  24. Sciences Po Paris : la grande gabegie de l'ère Descoings
  25. Le Monde, La Cour des comptes fustige la gestion de Sciences Po
  26. ^ Sciences Po : une forte ambition, une gestion défaillante
  27. ^ Document : la réponse de Sciences-Po à la Cour des comptes
  28. Scandale des salaires à Sciences Po : Jean-Claude Casanova renvoyé devant la Cour de discipline budgétaire
  29. Affaire Descoings : Sciences po fait bloc derrière Jean-Claude Casanova
  30. Jean-Claude Casanova condamné dans l’« affaire Sciences Po »
  31. http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/detalhe/noticias/ultima-hora/jose-socrates-mais-1-ano-em-paris José Sócrates: 1 more year in Paris (Portuguese)

  1. "LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895–1995", Oxford University Press, 1 June 1995.
  2. "Consolidation de L'autonomie de Sciences Po" Sénat, 1996.
  3. "Le statut juridique de Sciences Po: la dualité FNSP et IEP de Paris" Centre d’histoire de Sciences Po
  4. “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
  5. “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
  6. “Sciences Po Paris Overview: Introducing Sciences Po” Sciences Po Website, 2001.
  7. "La Bibliothèque de Sciences Po", Sciences Po Website, 2007
  8. "IBSS Boosts Coverage of French Social Science Journals", IBSS, 2005.
  9. "Presses de Sciences Po", Sciences Po Website, 21 October 2004.
  10. "Columbia University, LSE and Sciences Po launch Global Public Policy Network", PRNewsWire, 19 September 2005.
  11. "Sciences Po’s Joint Degrees", Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs, 21 October 2004.
  12. "Sciences Po ― an elite institution's introspection on its power, position and worth in French society" NYU Department of Journalism, 9 September 2003.

Bibliography

  • Richard Descoings, Sciences Po. De la Courneuve à Shanghai, préface de René Rémond, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007 (ISBN 2-7246-0990-5)
  • Jacques Chapsal, « L'Institut d'études politiques de l'Université de Paris », Annales de l'Université de Paris, n° 1, 1950
  • « Centenaire de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris (1872–1972) », brochure de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris, 1972
  • , A Sciences-Po, les voyages forment la jeunesse, Monde Diplomatique, Février 2006
  • Pierre Favre, Cent dix années de cours à l'École libre des sciences politiques et à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris (1871–1982), thèse de doctorat, 2 volumes, 1986
  • Gérard Vincent, Sciences Po. Histoire d'une réussite, Orban, Paris, 1987
  • Marie-Estelle Leroty, L'Enseignement de l'histoire à l'École libre des sciences politiques et à l'Institut d'études politiques de l'Université de Paris de 1943 à 1968, mémoire de diplôme d'études approfondies dirigé par Jean-François Sirinelli, Institut d'études politiques de Paris, 2000
  • Anne Muxel (direction), Les Étudiants de Sciences Po, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2004, ISBN 2-7246-0937-9: Résultats d'une grande enquête menée en janvier 2002 auprès des élèves par le Cevipof
  • Comité national d'évaluation des établissements publics à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel, Template:PDFlink, Septembre 2005
  • Cyril Delhay, Promotion ZEP. Des quartiers à Sciences Po, Paris: Hachette, 2006, ISBN 2-01-235949-3

External links

48°51′15.02″N 2°19′42.49″E / 48.8541722°N 2.3284694°E / 48.8541722; 2.3284694

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  1. "Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs | Sam Nunn School of International Affairs". inta.gatech.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  2. "Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) Online Graduate School Fair". Harvard FAS | Mignone Center for Career Success. 12 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  3. "APSIA Member – Penn State School of International Affairs". www.sia.psu.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  4. "Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA)". Office of Career Strategy – Yale University. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
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